Poetic Tradition and Transformation in the Chinese Translations of Alfred Tennyson’s “The Lady of Shalott”

Presenter: Leo Liang

Authors: Leo Liang and Prof. Sharon Tzu-Yun Lai

Organizations: Mackay Medicine, Nursing, and Management College, and National Taiwan Normal University,

Taiwan

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Outline

1. Introduction

2. Characteristics of Lord Tennyson’s poems

3. Analysis of the poem “The Lady of Shallot”

4. Analysis of different Chinese translations of the poem

5. Conclusion

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Introduction

Poetry and translation The main argument

The loss and compensation in the translation are actually a culturally different representation of the poetic traditions and transformation.

The method of analysis Examination of Chinese translations of Lord

Tennyson’s poem, “The Lady of Shallot”

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Characteristics of Lord Tennyson’s poems

His superb ability to present images and sounds weave them together

Critics’ comments Arthur Hallam T. S. Elliot John Hollander

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Critics comments: Arthur Hallam

“Thirdly, his vivid, picturesque delineation of objections, and the peculiar skill with which he holds all of them fused, to borrow a metaphor from science, in a medium of strong emotion.”

“Fourthly, the variety of his lyrical measures, and exquisite modulation of harmonious words and cadences to the swell and fall of the feelings expressed.”

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Critics comments: T. S. Elliot

“The finest ear of any English poet since Milton” “[Extending] very widely the range of active metrical

forms in English”

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Critics comments: John Hollander

“His poetic act is the association of the sound and sight, the rendering of the former not so much by direct pseudo-onomatopoeia in the sounds of words, but in the pattern we have been discerning, or a sound-rich description of a visual phenomenon which itself stands for an auditory one.”

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“The Lady of Shallot”

Introduction Its structure The idea of “weaving” in the poem Meters and rhymes Other rhythmic devices

Alliteration Onomatopoeia

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“The Lady of Shallot”: the structure

1. The setting of Camelot and the island of Shalott.

2. The Lady of Shalott’s daily activity, weaving, and the curse on her.

3. The climax of the poem: the description of Lancelot, and Shalott’s breaking of curse.

4. The death of the Lady of Shalott.

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“The Lady of Shallot”: “weaving”

Weaving as the Lady’s only activity Weaving as the process of Tennyson’s composition

(Elaine Jordan)

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“The Lady of Shallot”: meters and rhymes

The 1st part: 4 stanzas The 2nd part: 4 stanzas The 3rd part: 5 stanzas The 4th part: 6 stanzas Each stanza has 9 lines.

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“The Lady of Shallot”: meters and rhymes

On either side the river lieLong fields of barley and of rye,That clothe the wold and meet the sky;And thro' the field the road runs byTo many-tower'd Camelot;And up and down the people go,Gazing where the lilies blowRound an island there below,The island of Shalott.

a

a

a

a

b

c

c

c

b

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“The Lady of Shallot”: Other rhythmic devices

Alliteration Onomatopoeia

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Discussions on translation of poetry

John Dryden Vladimir Nabokov Andre Lefevere James Holmes

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Chinese translations of this poem

1 complete translation published in a book and 13 practices of translation assignment

The loss caused by difficulties and problems: The title of the poem: The Lady of Shallot The format and rhyme scheme of the overall poem

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The title of the poem: The Lady of Shallot

The translation of “The Lady” The translation of “Shallot”  The word order

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The format and rhyme scheme

Among the 14 translations, the Chinese poetic traditions reflected in them include:

Modern poetry/free verse: 11 Regulated verse form in 7 characters in a line: 2 “Fu” (written in 4-6 or 6-4 characters in a line): 1

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The format and rhyme scheme

Modern poetry/free verse: an example from Liu

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The format and rhyme scheme

Regulated verse form in 7 characters in a line: an example from Jiang

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The format and rhyme scheme

“Fu” (written in 4-6 or 6-4 characters in a line): an example from Leo

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The format and rhyme scheme

Some other efforts to follow the rhyme scheme:

End rhymes in Liu’s translation

Eight-character lines as the original tetrameters in Shannon, Amy, and Yvette’s translations

an

tian

bian

guo

luo

suo

yo

dao

dao

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Conclusion

Various translations demonstrate the wealthy and various Chinese poetic traditions, the loss of the important elements in the original poem is actually compensated by the culturally transformed characteristics in these translations.

Robert Frost’s famous comment: “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.”

But the real loss is not able to see that the translators have strived to shorten the distances between two cultures and that in their translations they offer the compensations rooted in their culture.