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POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION WITHPOLICE PLANNING

1.1 INTRODUCTION IN POLICE ADMINISTRAITON

The word police come from the Latin word politia, which means “civil administration.”The word politia goes back to the Greek word polis, or “city.” Etymologically, therefore, thepolice can be seen as those involved in the administration of a city. Politia became the renchword police. The English took it over and at first contin!ed to !se it to mean “civiladministration.” The specific application of police to the administration of p!blic order emergedin rance in the early eighteenth cent!ry. The first body of p!blic"order officers to be namedpolice in England was the #arine Police, a force established in $%&' to protect merchandise inthe port of London.

The reference to the police as a “civil a!thority” is very important. The police representthe civil power of government, as opposed to the military power of government. (e !se themilitary in times of war. The members of the military, of necessity, are trained to kill and destroy.That is appropriate in war.

The Ancient Police)f we search recorded history, we can find many doc!ments and archeological finds that

insin!ate a form of organi*ed police. or e+ample, there is the ancient abylonian clay tablet,dated aro!nd - /, which was a report from a abylonian officer to his s!periors, notifyingthem that he had proceede0d to the man1s ho!se as ordered, arrested him, taken hisfingerprints and then taken control of his property. Likewise, the discovery in the )nd!s 2alley-/ revealed not only that this city had sewers and a bathroom in each ho!se, b!t thatthere were special “watch"ho!ses” which were !sed by policemen whose d!ty it was to patrolthe streets and maintain order.

)n both the 3ld Testament 45ong of 5olomon, )saiah and 6eremiah7 and the 8ewTestament 4#athew and 6ohn7 we find references to “watchmen” whose d!ty it was to protectthe city and arre0st offenders.

Egyptians became the first people to !se dogs on patrol. They also invented the lock.The police were called “#ed9ay”, and altho!gh they were civilians, they were headed by anEgyptian military officer.

:!g!st!s 9!st before the time of /hrist, formed the “2igiles of ;ome”, a gro!p of over two tho!sand men, armed with staves and short sword, whose d!ty it was to keep the peaceand fight fires.

1.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPTMENT OF POLICING

1.1.1.1 DEVELOPMENT DURING MIDDLE AGES TO THE MODERN PERIODPolice in the Mile A!e

)n the early middle :ges 4a period from the <th cent!ry := to abo!t $><7 a system of m!t!al protection was developed called the “rankpledge.” ?nder this system a comm!nity wasdivided into tithing1s or gro!ps of $ men, each member of which was responsible for thecond!ct of the other members of his gro!p and for the ass!rance that a member charged with abreach of the law wo!ld be prod!ced at co!rt. Th!s we see that the individ!al was not onlyresponsible for his own behavior and protection, b!t his neighbor as well. @e was indeed hisbrother1s keeper.

This system has in some ways prevailed !ntil modern times in the ritish military. )f oneman makes a mistake, the whole gro!p to which he belongs is p!nished.

En!l"n)n England this system of m!t!al protection reached an early development as each petty

kingdom was divided into shires or co!nties. Each shire was the responsibility of a “;eeve”,who in t!rn was responsible to their Aing for law and order in his respective district. Thisresponsibility often endowed this officer with wide powers. The shire"reeve was later called the5heriff.

Each 5hire was broken down into @!ndreds 4$ ho!seholds7 headed by a@!ndredman, later known as a @igh /onstable.

Each @!ndred was f!rther broken down into tithing 4$ families7 headed by a Tithingman or chief Tithingman who was elected by the gro!p. @e served as a combination constableand 9!dge. )n the Twelfth cent!ry he was replaced by the /onstable.

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:ltho!gh this system foc!sed the responsibility of law and order on each individ!al, thefact that the whole tithing was held responsible for the criminal acts of each member of thegro!p, red!ced the n!mber of crimes that were act!ally reported.

:nother form of police protection !sed at the end of this era was for each able"bodiedman to serve so m!ch time patrolling the town at night as a “(atchman.” 5ince this 9ob was nottoo well liked, and the law allowed a person to hire a replacement, it was handled mostly bypersons who were selected not for ability b!t beca!se, they wo!ld work cheaper than anyoneelse. :ltho!gh they were officially !nder the control of the /onstable, he seldom came o!t atnight to check on them, so they !s!ally slept thro!gh the night. Later it was reB!ired that they

call o!t the time and weather on the ho!r in an effort to stop them from sleeping.

The H#e "n C$%The @!e and /ry was an :ncient 5a+on practice that the invaders bro!ght over to

England with them. (hen a person committed a crime, or a felon escaped, and it was detected,an alarm was so!nded by the oldest known warning device in history, the horn. (hen theothers heard the alarm, they raised a cry, so!nded their horns, and by law had to lay aside their work and 9oin in the p!rs!it. )f any able bodied man failed to take !p the p!rs!it, he wasconsidered to have taken the part of the escaping person and wo!ld be liable to arrest. The lawstated that those chasing the f!gitive m!st contin!e in p!rs!it !ntil he was ca!ght or !ntil theyreached the sea.

&ee'e$( o) the Pe"ce :t the end of the Twelfth /ent!ry 4$$&<7 Aing ;ichard iss!ed a proclamation entitled

“Aeepers of the Peace.” This doc!ment reB!ired the appointment of Anights to keep the Aing1speace. They often did this by standing g!ard at bridges and gates and checking on peopleentering and leaving the town. 5ome believe that the present “shield” type badge !sed by somepolice department had its origin with the shields carried by these knights.

St"t#te o) Winche(te$ *W"tch "n W"$ Act+8ear the end of the Thirteenth /ent!ry 4$-'<7 the stat!te of (inchester was enacted to

beef !p law and order. )t introd!ced the system of watch and ward, where a watch wasstationed between s!nset and s!nrise at each gate of a walled town. )t also revived the practiceof @!e and /ry. 5ome watches gro!ped together for protection and patrolled the town in

“#arching (atches.” These watchmen were selected from a roster, and as before s!bstit!teco!ld be hired with the same !nfort!nate res!lts.

The Ch"$lie(8ear the middle of the 5eventeenth /ent!ry 4$CC>7, Aing /harles $$ passed an act

which provided for the employment in London of one tho!sand 8ight (atchmen or ellmen tobe on d!ty from s!nset to s!nrise they were called /harlies beca!se of Aing /harles. Theycarried long staves with dimly lit lanterns, and they called o!t the ho!r and the weather conditions. They were also referred to by the local citi*ens as the “5hiver and 5hake” watchbeca!se they were often old and decrepit and wo!ld r!n off if they saw any tro!ble, or heard acry for help. 5ome were not too honest, and were often looking for an e+tra shilling. Theywo!ld sometimes work for criminals as looko!ts, or wo!ld even “case” 9obs for them. eca!se

they were basically ineffective, many merchants hired their own watchman who was known asthe “#erchant Police.”

,o- St$eet R#nne$(8ear the middle of the Eighteenth cent!ry 4$%0'7, @enry ielding became /hief

#agistrate at ow 5treet in London. @e set !p night co!rts for working people. @e took si+constables of high integrity and placed them !nder the leadership of himself and a @igh/onstable.

y the end of the cent!ry, the member had increased to seventy, and they were knownas the “ow 5treet ;!nners” or sometimes the “Thief Takers.” :t the t!rn of the cent!ry, a o+5treet @orse Patrol was formed. They wore scarlet or red waistcoats as sort of a !niform or identification. eca!se of this they were often called “;obin ;edbreasts.” Their ro!tine d!ty

was to patrol the main roads leading into London beca!se of the large n!mber of highwaymen.They carried pistols, sabers, and tr!ncheons.

The Met$o'olit"n Police)n $'-&, 5ir ;obert Peel England1s @ome 5ecretary, formed the #etropolitan Police. y

this time it had become apparent that none of the previo!s methods of maintaining law andorder were adeB!ate to cope with the rising tide of crime in the cities of that day.

5eeking at least a partial sol!tion to the problem ;obert Peel introd!ced into Parliament“:n :ct for )mproving the Police in and near the #etropolis.” )t is more commonly referred to asthe $'-& #etropolitan Police :ct.

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The res!lt was that in 5eptember of that year, England had its first real !niformed,m!nicipal police department. The constable wore a bl!e, swallow"tailed coat, and bl!e tro!sersin the winter and white in the s!mmer,. :nd black top hat. The coat had a single row of brightwhite b!ttons down the front, and a military type belt with a large brass b!ckle. They carried awooden rattle, which was !sed to call help, and a tr!ncheon 4cl!b7 for self"defense.

The #etropolitan Police, or “8ew Police” as they were more commonly referred to by thema9ority of Londoners, were not well received at first.

F$"nce

The rench Police instit!tion is B!ite old. )n the days of the ;oman Empire, rance wasthe ;oman province of Ga!l, and the rench seemed to e+pand on :!g!st!s /aesar1s idea of police by giving them very wide powers incl!ding s!ch d!ties as price control, welfare, p!blicmorals, and even sitting in 9!dgment of these offenders. They handled d!ties that today weconsider “civil” matters. The powers of the police came directly from the Aing and not from thecomm!nity as with the English and later the :mericans. This res!lted in strong central control.

)n the si+th cent!ry Paris had two patrols. The /iti*en 8ight G!ard,4similar to English(atchman7 and the ;oyal G!ard which was probably there more for the protection of the Aing.)t was at this time that 5aint"Lo!is gave the G!ard a motto that is today on the rench policeemblem. “2igilat !t D!iescant” 4@e watches that they may sleep7. The essence of this mottostill holds tr!e today, and co!ld be considered an international motto for police patrol.

eca!se of their wide powers and s!ch strong central control, the rench police

!nfort!nately have a history of not only being overly strict, b!t also as being political agents of the r!ling powers. ?ntil the rench ;evol!tion, the police were B!ite oppressive. :mericanshave obtained the word “dossier” from the rench beca!se of the sinister practice by the renchpolice, over the cent!ries, of compiling s!ch thick dossiers on 9!st abo!t everyone. Policespying became a way of life.

3n the positive side, the rench police were responsible for conceiving street signs,ho!se members, street lighting, emergency resc!e services and a system of policeamb!lances.

They set !p state pawn shops to relieve the go!ging of the poor. They also fo!ndedchildren1s hospitals and schools for the poor and even ass!med the d!ty of finding work for the!nemployed.

:t the end of the eighteenth cent!ry 4$%$&7 the position of “3fficers de Pai+” was formed

4the origin of o!r present term “Peace 3fficer”7.5ince only officers and the military wore !niforms, the ma9or form of identification was a

m!nicipal police organi*ation, it is a fact that L!is"#arie =ebelleyme, who was appointedPrefect of Police in $'-', formed the first s!ch organi*ation in #arch of $'-&, si+ months beforePeel1s #etropolitan Police.

)t consisted of one h!ndred !niformed policemen called “5ergents de 2ille” 45ervants of the /ity7. They wore total cocked hats, and bl!e !niforms. They carried canes in the daytimeand sabers at night.

THE UNITED STATES

In Coloni"l Tie(

5ince the ?nited 5tates started as an English colony, it was nat!ral for its leaders toborrow from the co!ntry of its origin. There seemed to be main trends in this co!ntry as far aslaw enforcement was concerned. )n the north, life was more !rban oriented, and the (atch or /onstable system seemed to be best s!ited. )n the so!th the development was more r!ralbeca!se of agric!lt!re, and the 5heriff of enforcement became the trend. 5ince many colonistscame to this co!ntry as convicts, sent here in “anishment 4a form of English p!nishment at thattime7, there was a rel!ctance among many concerning the formali*ing of any type of policeprotection.

:ltho!gh oston formed the first “8ight (atch” in $C>C,4There is a record of a constablebeing chosen for Plymo!th in $C>07, it was over twenty years later that the =!tch colonists in8ew ork formed a “;atel wacht” 4rattle watch7. )t was not !ntil the t!rn of the cent!ry thatPhiladelphia set !p a system of obligated d!ty where citi*ens served as watchmen.

Like their co!nterparts in England, early watchmen were not m!ch to boast abo!t. Theywere mostly vol!nteers, b!t some were forced to do watchmen d!ty as a form of p!nishment for certain transgressions. Those who were paid for the 9ob were not paid m!ch, and therefore didnot feel that they had to do m!ch.

:merican watchmen were called “Leatherheads” beca!se they wore varnished leather hats.

y the early part of the eighteenth cent!ry the “night watch” was well established intowns and cities.

The Inte$ei"te Pe$io

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)t was not !ntil $'>> that the city of Philadelphia instit!ted the first day time, paid, policeservice. This occ!rred beca!se a large amo!nt of money was willed to the city to provide moreeffectively for the safety of persons and property in that city. Two interesting provisions of thewill were that watchmen were to patrol in pairs at night, and that promotions were to be madefrom within the ranks and not by o!tside political appointments.

8ew ork organi*ed the first modern :merican police force in $'00 based on the English#etropolitan Police 5ystem. )t was soon followed by 5an rancisco, /hicago, /incinnati, 8ew3rleans, Philadelphia and oston.

)n the frontier areas of the ?nited 5tates, law enforcement was developed on a local

level witho!t many established r!les. Enforcement was aided by the !se of the legal process“Posse /omitat!s” 4the power of the state to s!mmon assistance in enforcing the law7, and the“posse” became a part of “law in the (est.”

?nlike /anada, which !sed the federal “#o!nties” to maintain law and order in frontier areas, the ?nited 5tates federal government restricted their involvement to the !se of troopswhen things got completely o!t"of"hand.

To assist in law enforcement, frontier areas relied !pon s!ch methods as the “(antedPoster” and “o!nty @!nters.” The o!nty h!nter tracked down wanted criminals, especiallythose wanted “dead or alive1 and they were often shot from amb!sh witho!t danger to thebo!nty h!nter.

)n those areas that failed to established organi*ed police protection, or where the policebecame politically ineffective, citi*ens often took things into their own hands by the formation of

“2igilance /ommittees.” The most famo!s e+ample of this was the 5an rancisco /ommittee of 2igilance” that formed d!ring the years $'0' and $'0& d!e to the great infl!+ of fly"by night goldseekers. Their motto “ iat 9!sttia ;!at /oel!m” 4@eaven decrees, Let There be 6!stice7 did notalways determine the ethics of their behavior.

The 6acksonian philosophy of the “spoils system” res!lted in “soft” police 9obs for thosewho s!pported the winning candidates for office. Those who did have political protection wo!ldoften work all day at another 9ob and sleep all night on their police 9ob. There was a greatrel!ctance on the part of many policemen to wear !niforms and especially visible badges.Those who did wear !niform were likely to wear only part of one. )t was common to see severalvarieties of !niforms on one department if yo! saw any at all. 3ne of the reasons for notwanting to wear a !niform was that if yo! did, people might ask yo! to do something. The codeof the day was to avoid getting into tro!ble, and the less yo! did, the less wo!ld be the chance

of getting into tro!ble. )t was $'<C before the 8ew ork Police adopted a f!ll !niform.8!mero!s ma9or cities thro!gho!t the ?nited 5tates e+perimented with metropolitan

police systems or state police boards, b!t met with little s!ccess. 3ne of the greatest steps insolving this problem was the passing of the “Pendleton :ct of $''>” which established civilservice for federal employees.

The Moe$n Pe$ioThe #odern period began in the $&%1s with the !se of a!tomobile patrol and voice radio

comm!nications. )t was here that general police tactics took on a greater change than at anyother period.

:s things started to improve for police work in the ?nited 5tates, fate s!ddenly dealt anew hand in the form of Prohibition. Prohibition was not only !npop!lar with the average

citi*en, b!t was rarely enforced by the police.The “fast b!ck” to be made by “bootlegging” bro!ght abo!t an era of gangsterism. #ob

leaders divided !p sections of cities like fe!dal lords divided !p kingdoms in the middle ages.The police were in the middle.

Prohibition made breaking the law a pop!lar thing, and did more to break down therespect for police and the law than any other sit!ation in o!r history !p to this time. ?nder thefr!strations of a sit!ation like this, it became easy for normally good policeman to s!cc!mb tothe “pay off.”

1.1./ THEOR0 PHILOSOPH0 OF POLICE SERVICE

: police officer shall perform all d!ties impartially, witho!t favor or affection or ill will andwitho!t regard to stat!s, se+, race, religion, political belief or aspirations. :ll citi*ens will betreated eB!ally with co!rtesy consideration and dignity.

3fficers will never allow personal feelings, animosities or friendship to infl!ence official/ond!ct. Laws will be enforced appropriately and co!rteo!sly and in carrying o!t their responsibilities, officers will strive to obtain ma+im!m cooperation from the p!blic. They willcond!ct themselves in appearance and deportment in s!ch a manner as to inspire confidenceand respect for the position of p!blic tr!st they hold.

FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE* o(e Nolleo+

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The Continent"l Theo$%. Police officers are considered servants of the higher a!thorities and the people have little or no share at all in their d!ties, nor any direct connectionwith them. This theory prevails among continental co!ntries, like rance, )taly, 5pain, where thegovernmental str!ct!re follows the centrali*ed pattern.

The Hoe2$#le Theo$%. Police officers are considered as servants of the comm!nitywho depend for the effectiveness of their f!nctions !pon the e+press wishes of the people. )nthis theory, police officers are civil employees whose primary d!ty is the preservation of the

p!blic peace and sec!rity. This is practiced in England and in the ?nited 5tates of :merica,where the government

1.1.3 ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLEPOLICE ROLE AND RESPONSI,ILITIES

5ociologically speaking, a role is a set of e+pected behavior patterns, obligations, andprivilege attached to a social stat!s. )n essence, this means that every social stat!s or positionin society has attached to its e+pected behaviors, obligations and privileges.

The roles played by police officers vary by comm!nity and police organi*ation. Thee+pected behavior of individ!al police officers and departments and how they are 9!dge andeval!ated depend on the comm!nity and the mission of the police organi*ations as define by

the governing body 4political str!ct!re7 and the department1s administrative str!ct!re.

C$ie Cont$olThe police are available -0 ho!rs a day to deal with crime and crime"prod!cing

conditions. /iti*ens report crime to the police, and they in t!rn investigate these reportedevents and pass along the evidence they gather to a prosec!tor for the ne+t stage in thecriminal 9!stice process.

The primary role of the police in the crime"control model is that of a crime fighter. Theentertainment media, news media, and the police themselves wo!ld confine the role of thepolice to law enforcement activities only and wo!ld see all the other tasks that the policeperform as n!isance work that interferes with their crime fighting d!ties. This view can affect themanner in which police officers are recr!ited, selected, and trained. or e+ample, police

departments in the past considered domestic disp!tes as n!isance work and as a private matter instead of a crime control activity. /onseB!ently, officers were not provided with any training inthis area. This has changed. /risis intervention in domestic disp!tes and other disorderlysit!ations is an important part of the police officer1s role.

Con(e4#ence o) C$ie 5Fi!hte$ I"!e The e+cl!sive image of the crime control role of the police embodied in the crime"fighter

image has serio!s conseB!ences on the police and their behavior.

/rime and its control are not the sole responsibility of the police. The police did notcreate nor can they control the social conditions that create crime. :t best, the law and the

criminal 9!stice system are poor controllers of h!man behavior. :s society1s formal means of social control, the criminal 9!stice system !s!ally comes into action when other means of socialcontrol 4i.e., family, ch!rch, friends etc.7 have failed. :s long as we see crime control as theprimary role of the police, we fail to recogni*e that comm!nity, and a host of other socialinstit!tions.

O$e$ M"inten"nce Role The order"maintenance role is often more central to the modern police officer1s role than

in any other aspect of his behavior. (ilson pointed o!t that the problem of order is more centralto the police officer1s role than the problem of law enforcement, for two reasons. irst, in mostcities, partic!larly the larger and more socially heterogeneo!s cities, police officers on patrolenco!nter more order"maintenance problems than law enforcement opport!nities, e+cept for

traffic violations. The second reason is that order maintenance d!ties e+pose the officer tophysical danger and his reaction may e+pose the disp!tants to danger.

The restoration of order to disorderly or potentially disorderly sit!ations is what is, meantby the police officer as a conflict manager. )n this role the officer intervenes in disp!tes wherethe parties do not agree on what o!ght to be right or acceptable behavior.

Se$6ice Role The d!ties or responsibilities that fall into this category incl!de many activities that may

to be only peripherally related to the direct police services of patrol, traffic, or criminal

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investigation and the police mission to control crime and prevent disorder. or e+ample,licensing activities, s!pervising elections, staffing co!rts with administrative and sec!ritypersonnel, dispatching calls, providing emergency medical aid, getting cats o!t of trees,checking homes of people on vacation.

M"7o$ Re('on(i8ilitie()n assessing appropriate ob9ectives and priorities for police service, local comm!nities

sho!ld initially recogni*e that most police agencies are c!rrently given responsibilities, bydesign or defa!ltF

a. To identify criminal offenders and criminal activity and, where appropriate, to apprehendoffenders and participate in s!bseB!ent co!rt proceedings

b. To red!ce the opport!nities for the commission of some crimes thro!gh preventivepatrol and other meas!res

c. To aid individ!als who are in danger of physical harmd. To protect constit!tional g!aranteese. To facilitate the movement of people and vehiclesf. To assist those who cannot care for themselvesg. To resolve conflicth. To identify problems that are potentially serio!s in the comm!nityi. To create and maintain a feeling of sec!rity in the comm!nity

9. To promote and preserve civil order and

k. To provide other services on an emergency basis.

Ol "n Moe$n Conce't o) Police Se$6iceThe old concept of police service looked !pon the police as merely as repressive

machinery. This old philosophy means throwing more people in 9ail rather than keeping themo!t of 9ail. ?nder this concept, p!nishment is the sole instr!ment of crime control. The yardstickof efficiency of the police is more arrests.

The modern concept of police service considers the police as an organ of crimeprevention. Police service today has broadened its activities to incl!de certain aspects of socialservice and has for its ob9ective the welfare of the individ!al as well as that of society. ?nder this philosophy, the yardstick of efficiency of the police is the absence of crime.

O$!"ni9"tion )o$ E))ecti6e Police Se$6iceThe act of organi*ing is indispensable to proper management, and witho!t some form of

organi*ational str!ct!re, most police operations co!ld not be carried o!t. )f the organi*ationalstr!ct!re is poor and if organi*ational concepts are poorly !nderstood or applied, the efficiencyof the department will be severely affected. 4)t is the process of directing and facilitating thework of people organi*ed in formal in order to achieve a desired goal7

There is a distinction between the simple organi*ational str!ct!re of an agency and theapplication of principles of administrative organi*ation. (hile the two are obvio!sly related 4agood str!ct!re !s!ally depends on conscio!s application of the principles7, they are not one andthe same. :n agency can often operate adeB!ately""B!ite well, in some cases"with a deficient

str!ct!re, b!t an agency with a seemingly good str!ct!re can very seldom operate withefficiency if a basic principle of administrative organi*ation, s!ch as the need to adhere tochannels of comm!nication, is consistently ignored.4P3L. :=. y Payton7

O$!"ni9"tion h"( 8een e)ine in i))e$ent -"%(: "( the )ollo-in! -ill inic"te;3rgani*ation is s!bsidiary to management. )t embraces the d!ties of designating the

departments and the personnel that are to carry on the work, defining their f!nctions andspecifying the relations that are to e+ist between departments and individ!als.

The process of identifying and gro!ping the work to be performed, defining anddelegating responsibility and a!thority, and establishing relationships for the p!rpose of enabling

people to work most effectively together in accomplishing ob9ectives.

The organi*ation of the police force common reB!ires the following organi*ational !nits andother items.

F#nction"l Unit(

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$. ,#$e"#" it is the largest organic !nit within a large department. )t consists of n!mber of divisions.

-. Di6i(ionHit is a primary s!bdivision of a b!rea! or of the office of the chief. : divisionhas a department wide f!nction either for general police service or for speciali*edactivity.

>. Section"it is a f!nctional !nit within a division. The d!ties of some divisions call for additional speciali*ation, and in conseB!ence personnel m!st be f!rther classifiedaccording to their d!ties.

0. Unit"!sed to describe an organi*ational s!bdivision that is too small in si*e to be

afforded any other stat!s, and it especially applies to a small s!bdivision that carries o!tho!sekeeping d!ties.

Te$$ito$i"l Unit(

1. Po(t"it is a fi+ed point or location to which an officer is assigned for d!ty, s!ch as4$7anintersection or crosswalk for traffic d!ty4-7a spot or location for general g!ard d!ty,observation, and s!rveillance or for the apprehension of a person wanted for, or abo!t tocommit a crime or 4>7 a designated desk for office.

/. Ro#te2it is a length of streetIs, designated for patrol p!rposes. )t is most freB!ently !sedfor the assignment of foot patrol officers. )t is also sometimes called a “line beat.”

3. ,e"t"it is an area 4in contrast to a length of street7 assigned for patrol p!rposes, whether

foot or motori*ed. )t is also sometimes !sed for the assignment of motori*ed trafficofficers instead of a ro!te.

<. 5ector"it is an area containing two or more beats, ro!tes, or posts.<. Di(t$ict"it is a geographic s!bdivision of the city for patrol p!rposes, !s!ally with its ownstation.C. :rea"it is a section or territorial division of a large city, each comprised of designated districts.

Othe$ te$inolo!ie(

$. W"tch o$ Shi)t"it is the time division of the day for p!rposes of assignment.-. S-o$n O))ice$ "a member of the police department who has taken an oath of office and

who possesses the police power of arrest.

>. S#'e$io$ O))ice$ "an officer who has s!pervisory responsibilities, either temporary or permanent, over officers of lower rank.

0. Co"nin! O))ice$ "an officer who is in command of the department, of a b!rea!, adivision, a section, an area, a district, a sB!ad, or any other s!bdivision of thedepartment.

<. R"n=in! o))ice$2an officer has the highest grade or rank within a given gro!p or at apartic!lar location.

C. Len!th o) (e$6ice J it refers to the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office was administered. Previo!s active service may be incl!ded or added.

%. On #t% J it is the period when an officer is actively engaged in the performance of hisd!ty.

'. O)) #t% J it is the nat!re of which the police officer is free from specific ro!tine d!ty

&. S'eci"l #t% " the police service, its nat!re, which reB!ires that the officer be e+c!sedfrom the performance of his active reg!lar d!ty.

$. Le"6e o) "8(ence J it is the period in which an officer is e+c!sed from active d!ty byany validI acceptable reason, approved by higher a!thority

$$. Sic= le"6e J it is the period in which an officer is e+c!sed from active d!ty by reason of illness or in9!ry

$-. S#('en(ion " it is a conseB!ence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer fromthe privilege of performing his d!ties as res!lt of violating directives or other departmentreg!lations.

$>. De'"$tent $#le( J r!les established by department directorsIs!pervisors to controlcond!ct of the members of the police force.

$0. D#t% "n#"l J it describes the proced!res and defines the d!ties of officers assigned to

specified post or position.$<. O$e$ J it is an instr!ction given by a ranking officer to a s!bordinate, either general

order, special order or personal order.$C. Re'o$t " !s!ally a written comm!nication !nless otherwise specifies to be verbal.$%.

THE PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATIONPolice organi*ations are either formal or informal. ormal organi*ations are highly

str!ct!red while informal organi*ations are those witho!t str!ct!res.Every formal organi*ation whether small or large are governed by the following

principlesF

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$. P$inci'le o) #nit% o) o87ecti6e(" every police officer sho!ld play their part in attainingthe ob9ectives of their organi*ation. Th!s, in performing their f!nctions, police officersm!st be motivated by a common thing" that is to accomplish the mission of the policeorgani*ation.

-. P$inci'le o) O$!"ni9"tion"l e))icienc%" organi*ation str!ct!re is effective if it isstr!ct!red in s!ch a way to aid the accomplishment of the organi*ation1s ob9ectives witha minim!m cost.

>. Sc"l"$ P$inci'le" shows the vertical hierarchy of the organi*ation which defines an

!nbroken chain of !nits from top to bottom describing e+plicitly the flow of a!thority. Thescalar principles areF

a. Line o) A#tho$it% "n ch"in o) co"n" this principle of organi*ation s!ggests thatcomm!nications sho!ld ordinarily go !pward thro!gh established channels in thehierarchy.

b. The S'"n o) Cont$ol" refers to the n!mber of s!bordinates reporting directly to him asthe s!perior officer. )t sho!ld not be more than what he can effectively direct andcoordinate. )n span of control, levels of a!thority shall be kept to a minim!m.

c. The Dele!"tion o) A#tho$it%" it shall carry with its commens!rate a!thority and theperson to whom the a!thority is delegated shall be held acco!ntable therefore. )t impliesthat delegation m!st carry with it appropriate responsibility.

d. The Unit% o) Co"n" e+plains that s!bordinates sho!ld only be !nder the control of one s!perior. 5!bordinates sho!ld receive orders from only one s!perior.

0. F#nction"l P$inci'le" refers to division of work according to type, place, time andspeciali*ation. (ork m!st be divided into its component parts so that Employees mayspeciali*e in a limited area.

<. Line "n St")) "implies that a system of varied f!nctions, arrange into a workablepattern. The line organi*ation is responsible for the direct accomplishment of theob9ectives while the staff is responsible for s!pport, advisory or facilitative capacity.

C. P$inci'le o) ,"l"nce" states that the application of principles m!st be balanced toens!re the effectiveness of the str!ct!re in meeting organi*ation1s ob9ectives. eing thehead of the patrol division, if yo! apply the principles of organi*ation, application m!st be

balanced to ens!re the effectiveness of the patrol force in accomplishing its ob9ectives%. P$inci'le o) ele!"tion 8% $e(#lt(" states that a!thority delegated sho!ld be adeB!ate

to ens!re the ability to accomplish e+pected res!lts.'. P$inci'le( o) A8(ol#tene(( o) Re('on(i8ilit%2 e+plains that the responsibility of the

s!bordinates to their s!perior for performance is absol!te4!nconditional7 and thes!perior cannot escape acco!ntability or responsibility for the organi*ation on activitiesperformed by their s!bordinates.

&. P$inci'le o) P"$it% "n $e('on(i8ilit%" e+plains that responsibility of the s!perior officer for the action of his s!bordinates cannot be greater than that implied by the a!thority hehas delegated nor sho!ld it be less.

$. A#tho$it% le6el '$inci'le" implies that decisions within the a!thority of individ!alcommander sho!ld be made by them and not be ret!rned !pward in the organi*ational

str!ct!re. :!thority is the right to command or control the behavior of employees inlower positions within an organi*ational hierarchy.

$$. P$inci'le o) Fle>i8ilit%" this is the principle which states that there is higher tendencythat the P8P can f!lfill its p!rpose if the organi*ation receives more provisions for fle+ibility 4adaptability7.

De6elo'ent o) S'eci"li9"tion The #etropolitan police force created in London, England, by 5ir ;obert Peel in $'-'

provided a day and night patrol, the 9!risdiction being divided into beats and each officer devoting his attention e+cl!sively to patrolling his district. =etectives were not created !ntil$'0>. (hen police services were first established in this co!ntry, all tasks were, performed bymen on patrol.

A6"nt"!e( o) ('eci"li9"tion

$. Pl"cin! o) $e('on(i8ilit%. =efinite fi+ing of responsibility is the first r!le of effectiveoperation. Thro!gh speciali*ation, responsibility for performance of a task can beplaced on a specific individ!al or !nit.

-. De6elo'ent o) E>'e$t(. Personnel B!alified by training or special ability may beselected for partic!lar tasks constant repetition of a task develops a high degree of skilland ability, which are f!rther increased in a narrowed field of interest and attention.

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>. I'$o6eent o) T$"inin!. Persons assigned to a speciali*ed field may be given moreintensive training than wo!ld be feasible for the entire force, and the narrowed field of interest also promotes and research by individ!al members.

0. P$ootion o) E('$it e Co$'(. : small gro!p that is made responsible for theperformance of a specific task tends to form a cohesive !nit with high morale and pridein its accomplishments. (hen members of the special !nit are selected on the basis of special ability and become highly skilled thro!gh training, repetition, and attention to arestricted field, they invariably develop enth!siasm and a strong esprit.

<. Sti#l"tion o) S'eci"l Police Inte$e(t. eca!se of their definite responsibility,

speciali*ed personnel develop a proprietary interest in department operations that relateto their field. Their conseB!ent concern ca!ses them to participate actively indepartmental operations and press for a!thority, personnel, and material to meet their needs. The demand by special !nits for adeB!ate facilities is desirable as long as itdoes not res!lt in a disproportionate allocation of the reso!rces of the department.

C. A$o#("l o) P#8lic Inte$e(t. 5imilarly, speciali*ed !nits aro!se and organi*e p!blicinterest and s!pport of police activities.

Di("6"nt"!e( o) S'eci"li9"tion

$. Liit"tion o) U(e)#lne((. Every police matter referred to an officer deserves the

officer1s immediate attention and !s!ally receives it when he or she is !nB!estionablyresponsible for its performance.

-. Re(t$iction o) Gene$"l Police Inte$e(t. Participation in a special activity by allmembers of the department creates among them an interest that is lost when theoperation is, performed e+cl!sively by specialists.

>. Co'lic"tion o) T"(=( o) Co"n. :s speciali*ation is increased, interrelationshipsm!ltiply alarmingly these interrelationships are areas of potential conflict and friction thatgreatly increase the problem on integration.

0. C$e"tion o) Othe$ Aini(t$"ti6e P$o8le(. The swivel"chair e+ec!tives and privateoffices that freB!ently accompany speciali*ation present other problems. They e+ertevery effort to establish their position more firmly and to enhance its importance. ?nlessthe demands for more personnel, eB!ipment, office space, and records facilitates are

checked, the res!lt may be a department of generals with no troops left to do thefighting.

<. H"'e$in! o) e6elo'ent o) Well2$o#ne Police P$o!$". The conditions 9!stdescribed promote lopsided programs with !n9!stified emphasis on special field of policework. This res!lts when the personality and infl!ence of the specialist, rather than theneed for service, are the determining factors.

C. Diini(hin! o) Te$$ito$i"l Co6e$"!e. 5peciali*ation invariably res!lts in a less"intensive general patrol, if overall strength remains the same. #anpower devoted to thespecialty m!st be s!btracted from the personnel with fewer officers.

Dete$inin! F"cto$(

$. ?#"lit% o) Pe$(onnel. The higher the B!ality of police personnel, asdetermined by selection and training, the less the need for speciali*ation thegreater range of ability of competent officers makes it possible for them toperform s!ccessf!lly a grater variety of tasks.

-. Nee )o$ S'eci"l S=ill "n A8ilit%. /ertain police tasks reB!ire special skillsand abilities that only speciali*ation can provide. or e+ample, the operation ofa camera, lie detector, and devices for chemically testing the degree ofinto+ication, as well as the performance of laboratory tasks, reB!ires highlydeveloped skills.

>. I'o$t"nce o) the o8. The importance of a task is ascertained 4$7 by theneed, as indicated by st!dy of s!ch reliable factors as crime and accident rates,

9!venile"crime inde+es, vice conditions, or the percent of crimes cleared byarrest and property recovered and 4-7 by the demand for a partic!lar service.

0. Ao#nt o) -o$= to 8e one. : task may not be especially important or reB!ireskill and ability, b!t if the amo!nt of work, concentrated in time and place, iss!fficient to occ!py the f!ll time of one person, speciali*ation may be 9!stified.

<. Nee )o$ Re"il% "6"il"8le Se$6ice(. 5peciali*ation may be 9!stified to makecertain services readily available, even tho!gh there may not be s!fficient workto occ!py the f!ll time of one person.

C. Inte$ittent Ee$!enc% Nee. The creation of a special !nit may be 9!stifiedwhen the !nit is !sed as an emergency reserve to meet irreg!lar, intermittentneeds.

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%. Nee )o$ M"int"inin! S=ill. There may be an ins!fficient amo!nt of work for allmembers to maintain skill thro!gh performance, th!s 9!stifying speciali*ation sothat s!itable skill need be maintained only by a few officers. Photographic workis an e+ample.

'. Nee )o$ Pl"nnin! "n Cont$ol. The amo!nt of planning that is necessary inany field of activity may 9!stify speciali*ation and the desirability of placingresponsibility for s!pervision of the e+ec!tion of the plans as well as for controlof the specialists involved may provide f!rther 9!stification.

&. Di((iil"$it% o) T"(=( to Othe$ D#tie(. The tasks of an officer assigned to a

fi+ed traffic post and the d!ties of service !nits, s!ch as records,comm!nication, and identification, are all dissimilar to the !s!al police tasks.

$. Attit#e o) Pe$(onnel to-"$ the t"(=(. :n !ncooperative on the part of police officers toward a partic!lar task freB!ently res!lts in its neglect and mayca!se it to be assigned to a special gro!p who are interested in the program andenth!siastic abo!t its promotion.

$$. Inte$)e$ence -ith U(#"l #tie(. : patrol officer may cond!ct criminalinvestigations !p to the point where the amo!nt of time spent at s!ch workinterferes with the performance of his reg!lar patrol d!ties.

$-. 5i*e of the orce and :rea of 6!risdiction. The area covered by the police forcealso affects the degree of speciali*ation

1./ HISTOR0 OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICE S0STEM. )n the early stages of h!man society, the f!nction of what is now properly known as thepolice devolved on the headman.

S'"ni(h Re!ie JThe maintenance of the law and order in the Philippines !p to the $&th cent!ry was

looked !pon by the 5panish government as a part of the military system for the defense of thecolony. 5o the locally organi*ed police forces, altho!gh performing civil d!ties and seeminglycreated for the sole p!rpose of maintaining internal peace, were in fact direct ad9!ncts to thecolonial military establishment, that is, the members being potential soldiers in the g!ise and

garb of policemen, or policeman in appearance b!t colonial soldiers in the !ltimate sense.These f!nctions of soldier and policeman in one, was e+emplified in the G!ardia /ivil whichgave the 5panish /olonial Government a tremendo!s power to control and centrali*e policeadministration, th!s enabling the s!preme head to dictate the policies to be p!rs!e inmaintaining peace and order. (hat may be termed police f!nctions then consisted mainly inF

a. the s!ppression of brigandage by patrolling !nsettled areas,b. detention of local or petty !prising by spying !pon the work and movements of the

people, and lastly,c. the enforcement of ta+ collection, incl!ding ch!rch reven!es.

$. C"$"8ine$o( e Se!#$i" P#8lic" " This was organi*ed in $%$- for the p!rpose of carrying o!t the reg!lations of the department of 5tate. )t was the earlier version of

mo!nted riflemen in the history of the Philippine police system.

)n $%'$, the /arabineros de 5eg!ridad P!blica was given the special commission of government c!stodian of the tobacco monopoly. y the ;oyal =ecree of =ecember -,$'0-, itwas organi*ed and called /!erpo =e /arabineros de 5eg!ridad P!blica.

-. The G#"$$ille$o( " This was a body of ;!ral Police organi*ed in each town andestablishment by ;oyal =ecree of 6an!ary ',$'>C. This =ecree provided that <K of theable"bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this policeorgani*ation for three 4>7 years to!r of d!ty.

>. . The G#"$i" Ci6il " This was created by a ;oyal =ecree iss!ed by the /rown on

ebr!ary $-, $'<-, to partially relieve the 5panish Penins!lar Troops of their work inpolicing towns. )t consisted of a body of ilipino policemen organi*ed originally in eachof the Provincial /apitals of the /entral Provinces of L!*on !nder the Governor or

:lcalde. This semi"military police instit!tion was armed as the 5panish )nfantry.

1./.1 THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION ON THE NATONAL POLICEPhili''ine Re'#8lic.

The system of police force b!ilt by the erstwhile Philippine ;ep!blic received its firstsevere shock at the onsla!ght of the revol!tion of $'&C. The blow was intended against the5panish :rmy and the Government as a whole b!t on, acco!nt of the special position of the

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police system then vag!e, it landed with greatest force on the G!ardia /ivil. )n spite of itsmilitary str!ct!re and semi"military training, it easily collapsed beca!se it lacked the tr!e policemorale and prereB!isites of civil nat!re, so essential in its strength as a part of the e+ec!tivebranch of the civil government. )ts martial appearance and military contrib!ted b!t little if any toits defense. 3n the contrary, it was more likely that those attrib!tes precipitated its earlydownfall. The desire of the revol!tionists to capt!re their arms made them the partic!lar targetsof the people. This otherwise splendidly organi*ed police corps, weakened by pre9!dice andhampered by d!ties and obligations which were not inc!mbent !pon a national police force,easily lost its morale at the appearance of social commotion and political !pheaval" it trembled

so to speak, from its very fo!ndation at the sight of a ma9or police problem. The res!lt was oncea telling. The great ma9ority of their o!tposts one by one give !p their arms that were entr!stedto them.

The Ae$ic"n Occ#'"tion.The :merican 3cc!pation of the Philippines that came after the ilipino":merican (ar,

from $'&& to $&$, was followed by a period of political ferment and social eB!ilibri!m./ivil Government in the Philippines. 3n 6!ly 0, $&, the :merican /ivil Government

was ina!g!rated and its immediate task was to ens!re peace and order thro!gho!t the co!ntry.3n 8ovember >, $&, the Philippine /ommission recommended to the 5ecretary of

(ar, the organi*ation of an )ns!lar Police orceThe Philippine /ommission passed :ct 8o. $%< on 6!ly $',$&$, entitled “ :n :ct

Providing for the 3rgani*ation and Government of an )ns!lar /onstab!lary”. 3n :!g!st ', $&$the first chief of /onstab!lary, @enry T. :llen was designated and confirmed by the /ivil/ommission.

5ection $, !nder :ct 8o. --< 43ctober -, $&$7 change from ins!lar constab!lary toPhilippine /onstab!lary. y the technicalities of the law, the then /onstab!lary, was the8ational Police )nstit!tion for preserving the peace, keeping order and enforcing the law.

The ;evised :dministrative /ode 4$&$%7. Provides that the mayors as chief e+ec!tiveofficer of the m!nicipal government is empowered to iss!e orders relating to the police or top!blic safety and order for the p!rpose of avoiding conflagration, floods and the effects of storms and other p!blic calamities.

The 1@3 Phili''ine Con(tit#tion. Coon-e"lth :ct. 8o. '' 43ct -C, $&>C7

established the state police by integrating forces in all m!nicipalities, chartered cities andprovincial g!ard organi*ations. ?nder this law, the state police was placed !nder the=epartment of )nterior. “ The /ommissioner of P!blic 5afety shall directly responsible to the5ecretary of the )nterior for the strict and faithf!l enforcement of the law and maintenance of order thro!gho!t the co!ntry and shall have the power to prom!lgate, with approval of the=epartment @ead and the President of the Philippines, the necessary r!les and reg!lations notin consistent with e+isting laws for the proper government, discipline, inspection and admissionto e+amination of the members of the 5tate Police force, prescribing the s!b9ect for s!che+amination that shall be held !nder the direction of the !rea! of /ivil 5ervice, prescribe the!niforms insignia, arms and eB!ipment to be !sed by the police force, and organi*e s!ch r!ralpolice as may be necessary.”

;eorgani*ation of the 8ational Police 4$&>'7. /ommonwealth :ct 8o.'' 43ct -C, $&>C7were repealed which res!lted in the detachment of the Philippine /onstab!lary =ivision 4P/=7from the Philippine :rmy ass!me the f!nctions of the 8ational Police.

/ommonwealth :ct 83. >0> 46!ne ->, $&'>7. The local police forces were restored totheir former stat!s with the signing of E+ec!tive 3rder 8o. $<> which again replaced them!nder the =epartment of )nterior.

General 8ational Police d!ties. E+ec!tive 3rder 8o. >' and >'&, which wereprom!lgated at the height of the @!k rebellion in #arch >, $&< by President Elpidio D!irino,reconstit!ted the Philippine /onstab!lary as ma9or service command of the :rmed orces of thePhilippines. )t performed national police d!ties while e+isting side by side with the local police

departments, which were direct, s!pervised by the city and m!nicipal mayors. 3n =ecember ->, $&<, E+ec!tive 3rder >'& was prom!lgated red!cing the :P services command to fo!r.

The 8e!innin! o) 'olice. Police reformation and professionali*ation law ;eformationand professionali*ation of the police service gained official recognition on 5eptember ', $&CC,when ;ep!blic :ct 8o. 0'C0, otherwise known as the Police :ct of $&CC, was enacted. This :ctserved as the legal g!idepost in initialing and !ndertaking, at national level, m!ch neededreforms that res!lted to a considerable improvement in police performance and efficiency.

To carry o!t the ob9ectives of this :ct, the 8ational Police /ommission was created!nder the 3ffice of the President of the Philippines.

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To !pgrade the police service as intended by ;: 8o. 0'C0, the President iss!edE+ec!tive 3rder 8o. $$>, which embodied the r!les and reg!lations governing the organi*ation,administration and operation of the local police agencies.

Re'#8lic Act No. B<"This legislative act, otherwise known as the Tolentino Law,empowered the Police /ommission to give appropriate e+amination to officers of the policeforce aimed at professionali*ing the police services.

5alary s!bsidies. ;ep!blic :ct 8o. C$$$ embodying the Peace and 3rder 5pecial :cco!ntmade possible the payment of Police salary s!bsidies which was a morale booster to the!nderpaid law enforcers. 4$&%7

1././ REPU,LIC ACT NO.B@: AS AMENDED

Aenent( to Police $e)o$ l"-. Presidential =ecree 8o. 00' 4#ay &, $&%07 wasenacted effecting ma9or amendments to the Police :ct of $&CC, providing for stronger powers for the /ommission in the p!rs!it of its mandated goals, liberali*ing reB!irement and selection of police rank and file and top echelon, revising the reB!irements and proced!res for promotion,s!bstantially, increasing benefits for service"connected deaths, disability and payment of legalprovisions on administrative disciplinary investigation and ad9!dication as earlier modified by P=

$-, $-": and specifically providing for the appointment board of investigators the hearing of police cases.

S'eci"l A''ell"te Coittee. Presidential =ecree 8o. <' 48ovember $>, $&%07created the 5pecial :ppellate /ommittee to review an appealed case wherein the penaltyimposed by the ad9!dication oard is removal or dismissal from the service within fifteen daysfrom receipt of the decision or resol!tion.

Inte!$"te N"tion"l Police. Presidential =ecree 8o. %C< 4:!g!st ', $&%<7was enactedcreating integrated national police with the 8:P3L/3# and P/I)8P as coordinated agencies!nder the =epartment of 8ational =efense.

The m!nicipal police forces that were previo!sly consolidated !nder Presidential =ecree8os. 0-, 0'-, <>$,<'<, and C0$ were made components of the integrated national police.

Gene$"l (#'e$6i(ion o6e$ INP #nit(. Presidential =ecree 8o. $$C- 46!ne ', $&%%7"The Governor of #etropolitan #anila and Provincial Governors, the /ity and #!nicipal #ayorswere given the power to e+ercise general s!pervision over !nits or elements of the )ntegrated8ational Police stationed or assigned within their respective 9!risdiction.

Pe$(onnel e6elo'ent (t"n"$(. Presidential decree 8o. $$'0 4:!g!st -C, $&%%7"enacted in order to promote career development in the police service by establishing !niform)8P personnel development standards. 5aid decree also a!thori*ed grant of developments!rvivors benefits to the s!rviving spo!se or dependent legitimate children of )8P member who

dies while in served.

O'e$"tion"l (#'e$6i(ion 8% loc"l e>ec#ti6e(. E+ec!tive 3rder 8o. $$- 4#arch --,$&'<7 as amended by E+ec!tive 3rder 8o. $-% 4#ay $0, $&'<7 vested on the city andm!nicipal mayors the operational s!pervision and direction over )8P !nits in their respectivelocalities. ?nder the E+ec!tive 3rder, the powers of the city and m!nicipal mayors over policestations in their respective localities e+tend to the followingF

approval of reassignment or detail of policemen o!tside their respective m!nicipalities or cities or

residences. approval of appointments of new policemen in the m!nicipality or city.

s!mmary disciplinary 9!risdiction, over minor offenses committed by )8P members4conc!rrent with the

9!risdiction of )8P 5tation /ommander7 with the power to impose penalties !p to a ma+im!mof thirty days s!spension or forfeit!re of pay.

Aini(t$"ti6e cont$ol 8% o))ice o) the P$e(ient. E+ec!tive 3rder 8o. $0 46!ly $,$&'<7 was prom!lgated placing the 8:P3L/3# !nder the office of the President and vested inthe latter the power or administrative controls and s!pervision over the )8P.

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The 1@ Phili''ine Con(tit#tion. 5ection C, :rticle M2) of the constit!tion providesthat the 5tates shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be national in scopeand civilian in character, to be administered and control by the 8:P3L/3#. The a!thority of local e+ec!tives over the Police within their 9!risdiction shall be provided by law.

1./.3 THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSIONP;32)5)385 3 ;ep!blic :ct n!mber C&%<, as amended by ;ep!blic :ct n!mber

'<<$ with regard toF

1./.3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP/reation and /omposition. : 8ational Police /ommission hereinafter referred to as the

/ommission, is hereby created for the p!rpose of effectively discharging the f!nctionsprescribed in the /onstit!tion and provided in this :ct. The /ommission shall be an agencyattached to the =epartment fro policy and program coordination. )t shall be composed of a/hairperson, fo!r 407 reg!lar /ommissioners, and the /hief of P8P as e+"officio member.Three 4>7 of the reg!lar /ommissioners shall come from the civilian sector who are neither active nor former members of the police or military, one 4$7 of whom shall be designated as vicechairperson by the President. The fo!rth reg!lar /ommissioner shall come from the lawenforcement sector either active or retiredF Provided, that an active member of a lawenforcement agency shall be considered resigned from said agency once appointed to the

/ommissionF Provided, f!rther, that at least one4$7 of the /ommissioners shall be a woman.The 5ecretary of the =epartment shall be the e+"officio /hairperson of the /ommission, whilethe 2ice /hairperson shall act as the e+ec!tive officer of the /ommission.

1./.3./ POWERS AND FUNCTIONPOWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION; Section <.Section 13 o) RA B@ i( he$e8% "ene to $e" "( )ollo-(;

5ection $0. Powers and f!nctions of the /ommission. The /ommission shall e+ercise thefollowing powers and f!nctionsF

a. E>e$ci(e "ini(t$"ti6e cont$ol "n o'e$"tion"l (#'e$6i(ion o6e$ the

Phili''ine N"tion"l Police -hich (h"ll e"n the 'o-e$ toF$. =evelop policies and prom!lgate a police man!al prescribing r!les and reg!lations for

efficient organi*ation, administration, and operation, incl!ding criteria for manpower allocation, distrib!tion and deployment, recr!itment, selection, promotion, and retirementof personnel and the cond!ct of B!alifying entrance and promotional e+aminations for !niformed members

-. E+amine and a!dit, and thereafter establish the standards for s!ch p!rposes on acontin!ing basis, the performance, activities, and facilities of all police agenciesthro!gho!t the co!ntry

>. Establish a system of !niform crime reporting0. /ond!ct an ann!al self"report s!rvey and compile statistical data for the acc!rate

assessment of the crime sit!ation and the proper eval!ation of the efficiency and

effectiveness of all police !nits in the co!ntry<. :pprove or modify plans and programs on ed!cation and training, logistical

reB!irements, comm!nications, records, information systems, crime laboratory, crimeprevention and crime reporting

C. :ffirm, reverse or modify, thro!gh the 8ational :ppellate oard, personnel disciplinaryactions involving demotion or dismissal from the service imposed !pon members of theP8P by the /hief of the P8P

%. E+ercise appellate 9!risdiction thro!gh the ;egional :ppellate boards over administrativecases against policemen and over decisions on claims for police benefits

'. Prescribe minim!m standards for arms, eB!ipments, and !niforms and, after cons!ltation with the Philippine @eraldry /ommission, for insignia of ranks, awards, andmedals of honor. (ithin ninety4&7 days from the effectivity of this :ct, the standards of

the !niformed personnel of the P8P m!st be revised which sho!ld be clearly distinctfrom the military and reflective of the civilian character of the police

&. )ss!e s!bpoena and s!bpoena d!ces tec!m in matters pertaining to the discharge of itsown powers and d!ties, and designate who among its personnel can iss!e s!chprocesses and administer oaths in connection therewith

$. )nspect and assess the compliance of the P8P on the established criteria for manpower allocation, distrib!tion, and deployment and their impact on the comm!nity and the crimesit!ation, and thereafter form!late appropriate g!idelines for ma+imi*ation of reso!rcesand effective !tili*ation of the P8P personnel

$$. #onitor the performance of the local chief e+ec!tives as dep!ties of the /ommissionand

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$-. #onitor and investigate police anomalies and irreg!larities.

8. A6i(e the P$e(ient on "ll "tte$( in6ol6in! 'olice )#nction( "n"ini(t$"tion

c. Rene$ to the P$e(ient "n the Con!$e(( "n "nn#"l $e'o$t on it( "cti6itie("n "cco'li(hent( #$in! the thi$t% *3+ "%( ")te$ the en o) thec"len"$ %e"$: -hich (h"ll incl#e "n "''$"i("l o) the conition( o8t"inin!in the o$!"ni9"tion "n "ini(t$"tion o) 'olice "!encie( in the

#nici'"litie(: citie( "n '$o6ince( th$o#!ho#t the% co#nt$%: "n$ecoen"tion( )o$ "''$o'$i"te $eei"l le!i(l"tion

. Recoen to the P$e(ient: th$o#!h the Sec$et"$%: -ithin (i>t%*B+ "%(8e)o$e coenceent o) e"ch c"len"$ %e"$: " c$ie '$e6ention '$o!$""n

e. Pe$)o$ (#ch othe$ )#nction( nece(("$% to c"$$% o#t the '$o6i(ion( o) thi(Act "n "( the P$e(ient "% i$ect.

Section B. Section 1 o) RA B@ i( he$e8% "ene to $e" "( )ollo-(;

Section 1. ?#"li)ic"tion(" 83 person shall be appointed reg!lar member of the /ommission!nlessF

*"+ @e or she is a citi*en of the Philippines*8+ : member of the Philippine ar with at least five4<7years e+perience in handling

criminal or h!man rights cases or a holder of a master1s degree b!t preferably adoctorate degree in p!blic administration, sociology, criminology, criminal 9!stice,law enforcement, and other related disciplines and

*c+ The reg!lar member coming fro the law enforcement sector sho!ld havepractical e+perience in law enforcement work for at least five4<7 years while thethree 4>7other reg!lar commissioners m!st have done e+tensive research workor pro9ects on law enforcement, criminology or criminal 9!stice or members of ad!ly registered non"government organi*ation involved in the promotion of peace

and order.

Te$ o) O))ice." the fo!r407 reg!lar and f!ll"time /ommissioners shall be appointed by thePresident for a term of si+4C7 years witho!t re"appointment or e+tension.

1./.< THE POLICE ORGANIZATION)t was declared in the $&'% Philippine /onstit!tion that it sho!ld be the policy of the

5tate to promote peace and order, ens!re p!blic safety, aimed towards the effective delivery of the basic services and competent police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.Towards this end, the 5tate shall bolster a system of coordination and cooperation among thepop!lace, local government e+ec!tives, as well as the vario!s law enforcement agencies. The

police force shall be organi*ed, trained and eB!ipped primarily for the performance of policef!nctions.

/omposition of the P8P " The P8P was established, initially consisting of the membersof the police forces who were integrated from the )8P p!rs!ant to P= 8o.%C<, and the officersand enlisted personnel of the P/. 3fficers and enlisted personnel of the P/ shall incl!de thoseassigned with the 8:;/3#, /)5 together with the civilian operatives, and those of the technicalservices of the :P assigned with the P/. The reg!lar operatives of the abolished 8:P3L/3#)nspection, )nvestigation and )ntelligence ranch may also be absorbed by the P8P. )n addition,a P/ officer or enlisted personnel may transfer to any of the branches or services of the :rmedorces of the Philippines in accordance with the provisions of 5ection '< of ;: C&%<. )naddition, the P8P shall absorb the office of the 8ational :ction /ommittee on :nti"@i9acking

48:/:@7 of the =epartment of 8ational =efense, all the f!nctions of the present Philippine :ir orce 5ec!rity /ommand 4P:5E/3#7, as well as the police f!nctions of the /oast G!ard.

1./.<.1 ORGANIZATIONThe P8P shall be headed by a /hief, with the rank of =irector General, who shall be

assisted by two =ep!ty /hiefsF one for :dministration, who happens to be the second incommand with the rank of =ep!ty =irector General and one for 3perations, who is third incommand, also with the rank of =ep!ty =irector General. oth of whom shall be appointed bythe President !pon recommendation of the /ommission from among the most senior andB!alified officers in the serviceF Provided, however, that in no case shall any officer who has

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retired or is retirable within si+ 4C7 months from his comp!lsory retirement age be appointed as/hief of the P8P.

The head of the =irectorial 5taff with the rank of =ep!ty =irector General is known as /hief of the =irectorial 5taff of the P8P.

The P8P organi*ational str!ct!re is composed of a national office, regional offices,provincial offices, district offices, and cityIm!nicipal stations.

The P8P maintain its national office in #etropolitan #anila where it ho!ses the=irectorial staff, service staff and special s!pport !nits.

The PNP n"tion"l o))ice( "$e the )ollo-in!;$. The office of the P8P /hief-. The office of the =ep!ty /hief for :dministration.>. The :dministrative 5!pport ?nits, incl!ding a /haplain 5ervice, Legal 5ervice and a

@eadB!arters 5!pport 5ervice.

*"+ /rime Laboratory. There shall be established a central crime laboratory to be headed bya =irector with the rank of /hief 5!perintendent, which shall provide scientific andtechnical investigative aid and s!pport to the P8P and other government investigative

agencies. )t shall also provide crime laboratory e+amination, eval!ation andidentification of physical evidences involved in crimes with primary emphasis on their medical, chemical, biological and physical nat!re. )t is made !p of the Physical 5cience=ivision irearms )dentification =ivision =oc!ment E+amination =ivision iology=ivision Photography =ivision and 5pecial 5ervices =ivision

*8+ Logistics 5!pport 5ervice that incl!des the Proc!rement =ivision 5!pply =istrib!tion N5torage =ivision E+plosives N 3rdinance =ivision Transportation N #aintenance=ivision and Engineering N ;epair =ivision. @eaded by a =irector with the rank of /hief 5!perintendent, the logistics !nit shall be responsible for the proc!rement, distrib!tionand management of all the logistical reB!irements of the P8P incl!ding firearms andamm!nition.

*c+ /omm!nications 5ervice that is made !p of the )nstallations and #aintenance =ivision

and the facilities 3perations and ;ecords. The /omm!nication !nit shall be responsiblefor establishing an effective police comm!nication network.

*+ /omp!ter 5ervice that is made !p of the 5ystems =evelopment =ivision /omp!ter 3perations =ivision =ata /ontrol =ivision and comp!ter Training N ;esearch =ivision.The /omp!ter /enter shall be responsible for the design, implementation andmaintenance of a database system for the P8P.

*e+ inance 5ervice that is made !p of the ;even!e =ivision :!dit N /ontrol =ivision E=P=ivision and =isb!rsement =ivision.

*)+ /ivil 5ec!rity /ommandI?nit shall provide administrative services and generals!pervision over the organi*ation, b!siness operation and activities of all organi*ed

private detectives, watchmen, sec!rity g!ard agencies and company g!ard forces. The!nit shall likewise s!pervise the licensing and registration of firearms and e+plosives.The approval of applications for licenses to operate sec!rity agencies, as well as theiss!ance of licenses to sec!rity g!ards and the licensing of firearms and e+plosives,shall be decentrali*ed to the P8P regional offices.

*!+ /haplain 5ervice that is created p!rs!ant to 8:P3L/3# ;esol!tion 8o. &-"- dated->, 6!ly $&&-.

*h+ Legal 5ervice with a Legal :ssistance =ivision and a Legal ;esearch and Eval!ation=ivision that is created as an additional administrative s!pport !nit to serve as the legalarm of the P8P.

*i+ @eadB!arters 5!pport 5ervice that is created as an additional administrative s!pport !nitto provide general ho!sekeeping and camp sec!rity services.

• The office of the =ep!ty /hief for 3perations.

• The 3perational 5!pport ?nits are as followsF :ll heads will have the same rank of /hief

5!perintendent.

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a7 #aritime /ommandIPolice ?nit that shall perform all police f!nctions over Philippineterritorial waters and rivers incl!ding ports of entry and e+it. @owever, the chief P8Pmay task other !nits for this f!nction, as may be necessary.

b7 Police )ntelligence ?nit shall serve as the intelligence and co!nterintelligence operating!nit of the P8P.

c7 Police 5ec!rity ?nit that shall provide appropriate sec!rity for government officials,visiting dignitaries and private individ!als a!thori*ed to be given protection.

d7 /riminal )nvestigation /ommandI?nit that shall !ndertake the monitoring, investigationand prosec!tion of all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of s!ch

magnit!de and e+tent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or professionalcriminal syndicates and organi*ations. This !nit shall likewise investigate all ma9or cases involving violations of the ;evised Penal /ode and operate against organi*edcrime gro!ps, !nless the President assigns the case e+cl!sively to the 8ational !rea!of )nvestigation 48)7.

e7 5pecial :ction /ommandIorce that shall serve as a mobile strike force or reaction !nitto a!gment regional, provincial, m!nicipal and city police forces for civil dist!rbancecontrol, co!nter"ins!rgency hostage"taking resc!e operations and other specialoperations.

f7 8arcotics /ommandI?nit that shall enforce all laws relative to the protection of theciti*enry against dangero!s and other prohibited dr!gs and s!bstances.

g7 :viation 5ec!rity /ommand I?nit that, in coordination with the airport a!thorities, shall

sec!re all the co!ntry1s airports against offensive and terroristic acts that threaten civilaviation, e+ercise operational control and s!pervision over all agencies involved inairport sec!rity operations, and enforce all laws and reg!lations relative to air travelprotection and safety.

h7 Traffic #anagement /ommandI?nit that shall enforce all traffic laws and reg!lations toens!re the safety of motorists and pedestrians and attain an orderly traffic.

i7 #edical and =ental 5ervice that is made !p of the #edical 5ervices /oordinating=ivision =ental 5ervices /oordinating =ivision and @ospitalsI=ispensaries. )t shall beresponsible for providing medical and dental services for the P8P.

97 Police"/omm!nity ;elations /ommandI/ivil ;elations ?nit that shall implement plansand programs that will promote comm!nity and citi*en1s participation in the maintenanceof peace and order and p!blic safety. Toward this end, the vol!ntary services of social

and civic"spirited individ!als or organi*ations shall be organi*ed and coordinated toens!re a cohesive and effective police comm!nity relations program.

• The office of the )nspector General that is !nder the 3ffice of the /hief, P8P. 4The head

of the )nspectorate =ivision with the rank of /hief 5!perintendent shall ass!me theposition title of )nspector General.7

• The ten 4$7 5taff =irectorates there !nder are as followsF 4The head of the directorial

staff shall be known as /hief of the =irectorial 5taff of the P8P with the rank of =ep!ty=irector General. The heads of the vario!s staff divisions shall have the rank of =irector with the position title of =irector of the =irectorial 5taff of their respective f!nctionaldivisions.7

a. Di$ecto$"te )o$ Pe$(onnel "n Reco$( M"n"!eent th"t i( co'o(e o) )i6eDi6i(ion(: n"el% Pe$(onnel Pl"n( "n Policie( Di6i(ion ;ecr!itment andPlacement =ivision Personnel Transactions =ivision enefit :nd Pension

:dministration =ivision and /entral ;ecord /enter.b. Di$ecto$"te )o$ H#"n Re(o#$ce( "n Doct$ine De6elo'ent con(i(tin! o) th$ee

i6i(ion(: n"el% Ini6i#"l T$"inin! P$o!$" De6elo'ent Di6i(ion ?nit TrainingProgram =evelopment =ivision and General =octrine =evelopment =ivision.

c. Di$ecto$"te )o$ Lo!i(tic( th"t i( co'o(e o) th$ee i6i(ion(: n"el%; LogisticalPlans and Programs =ivision 5!pply #anagement =ivision and ;eal Property#anagement =ivision.

d. Di$ecto$"te )o$ Re(e"$ch "n De6elo'ent th"t i( co'o(e o) t-o i6i(ion(:

n"el%; /lothing, (eapons, Transportation and comm!nications =ivision and,/riminalistics EB!ipment =ivision.

e. Di$ecto$"te )o$ Co't$olle$(hi' th"t i( co'o(e o) )o#$ i6i(ion(: n"el%F !dget=ivision iscal =ivision :cco!nting =ivision and #anagement =ivision.

f. Di$ecto$"te )o$ Intelli!ence th"t i( co'o(e o) )o#$ i6i(ion(: n"el%F )ntelligence3perations =ivision /o!nter"intelligence and 5ec!rity =ivision oreign Liaison =ivisionand )ntelligence ;esearch =ivision.

g. Di$ecto$"te )o$ O'e$"tion th"t i( co'o(e o) the Co#nte$2Intelli!ence Di6i(ion Law Enforcement =ivision 5pecial 3perations =ivision 5tatistics and ;eporting =ivisionand 3perations /enter.

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h. Di$ecto$"te )o$ Pl"n( th"t i( co'o(e o) th$ee i6i(ion(: n"el% Plans andPrograms =ivision 3rgani*ational =evelopment =ivision and 5pecial Pro9ects=evelopment =ivision.

i. Di$ecto$"te )o$ Police2Co#nit% Rel"tion( th"t i( co'o(e o) th$ee i6i(ion( Police /omm!nity ;elation Plans and Programs =ivision P!blic )nformation1s =ivisionand /omm!nity :ffairs =ivision.

9. Di$ecto$"te )o$ In6e(ti!"tion th"t i( co'o(e o) th$ee i6i(ion( )nvestigation=ivision /ase #onitoring =ivision and ;esearch and Eval!ation =ivision.

• The heads of the regional offices with the rank of /hief 5!perintendent shall ass!me the

position title of ;egional =irector.

• The five =istrict 3ffices of the 8ational /apital ;egion, each headed by an 8/; =istrict

=irector with the rank of /hief 5!perintendent and assisted by a =ep!ty =istrict =irector.

• The P8P Provincial 3ffices corresponding to all provinces thro!gho!t the co!ntry, each

headed by a Provincial =irector with the rank of 5enior 5!perintendent and assisted by a=ep!ty Provincial =irector.

• The =istrict offices that are organi*ed in large provinces with fo!r or more /ongressional

districts, in which case, a police district shall be organi*ed for every two or threecongressional =istricts. : P8P =istrict office shall be, headed by a =istrict =irector withthe rank of 5!perintendent !nder the direct command and control of the Provincial=irector.

• The /ity Police 5tations of highly !rbani*ed cities o!tside of 8/; which shall be !nder

the direct command and control of the P8P ;egional =irector and eB!ivalent to aprovincial office.

• : police station headed by a /hief of Police with the rank of /hief )nspector which is

established in every component city and m!nicipality, !nder the direct command andcontrol of the Provincial =irector or =istrict director, as the case maybe, classified as

followsF

1. Co'onent Citie(

Type “:” for cities with pop!lation ranging from $, and aboveType “” for cities with pop!lation ranging from %<, to less than $,Type “/” for cities with less than %<, pop!lation.

/. M#nici'"litie(

Type “:” for those with pop!lation ranging from %<, or moreType “” for those with pop!lation ranging from >, to less than %<,

Type “/” for those with pop!lation of less than $,.

1./.<./ POWERS AND FUNCTIONSThe P8P shall have the following powers and f!nctionsF

$. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of live and properties.-. #aintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ens!re p!blic safety.>. )nvestigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring

offenders to 9!stice and assist in their prosec!tion.0. E+ercise the general powers to make arrest, search and sei*!re in accordance

with the /onstit!tion and pertinent laws.

<. =etain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,informing the person so detained of all his rights !nder the /onstit!tion.

C. )ss!e licenses for the possession of firearms and e+plosives in accordance withlaw.

%. 5!pervise and control the training and operations of sec!rity agencies and iss!elicenses to operate agencies, and to sec!rity g!ards and private detectives, for the practice of their professions and

'. Perform s!ch other d!ties and e+ercise all other f!nctions as may be provided bylaw.

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M"nnin! Le6el( " 3n the average nationwide, the manning levels of the P8P shall beappro+imately in accordance with a police"to"pop!lation ratio of one policeman for every fiveh!ndred persons. The act!al strength of the city and m!nicipal police station shall depend onthe state of peace and order, pop!lation density and act!al demands of the service in thepartic!lar area. Provided, that the minim!m police"to"pop!lation ratio shall not be less than onepoliceman for every one tho!sand personsF Provided, f!rther, that the !rban areas, shall have ahigher minim!m police"to"pop!lation ratio as may be prescribed by the /ommissionF Provided,finally, that the police"to"pop!lation ratio as prescribed herein shall not incl!de the P8P #obileorce that may be created or deployed in a partic!lar area for co!nter"ins!rgency operations

and other contingencies, s!b9ect to the approval of the 8:P3L/3#.

1./.<.3 POLICE RAN& STRUCTURE AND &E0 POSITIONR"n= Cl"((i)ic"tion " or p!rposes of efficient administration, s!pervision and control, the rankclassification of the members of P8P shall be as followsF

P8P ;anks :P ;anks=irector General General 40 star7=ep!ty =irector General Lt. General 4>"star7=irector #a9or General 4-"star7/hief 5!perintendent rig, General 4$star7

5enior 5!perintendent /olonel5!perintendent Lt. /olonel/hief )nspector #a9or 5enior )nspector /aptain)nspector Lie!tenant5enior Police 3fficer )2 #aster 5ergeant5enior Police 3fficer ))) Technical 5ergeant5enior Police 3fficer )) 5taff 5ergeant5enior Police 3fficer ) 5ergeantPolice 3fficer ))) /orporalPolice 3fficer )) Private irst /lassPolice 3fficer ) Private

S#"$% o) R"n=( "n De(i!n"tion(

=esignation ;ank/hief P8P =irector General=ep!ty /hief for :dministration =ep!ty =irector General=ep!ty /hief for 3peration =ep!ty =irector General

Ten 5taff =irectorates/hief =irectorial 5taff =ep!ty =irector General=irector, P;# =irector

=irector, @;=3 =irector =irector, Logistics =irector =irector, ;N= =irector =irector, /omptrollership =irector =irector, )ntelligences =irector =irector, 3perations =irector =irector, Plans =irector =irector, P/; =irector =irector, )nvestigation =irector

3ther 3ffices8/; =irector =irector

)nspector General /hief 5!perintendent;egional =irector /hief 5!perintendentProvincial =irector 5enior 5!perintendent/hiefs of Police" /ityI#!nicipal /hief )nspectorI5enior )nspector

The cadets of the P8P: shall be considered above the rank of 5enior Police 3fficer )2b!t below the rank of )nspector.

1./.<.< APPOINTMENT AND DESIGNATION

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Gene$"l ?#"li)ic"tion( )o$ A''ointentF " To be B!alified as member of the P8P, thefollowing minim!m reB!irements shall be metF 4!nder ;: '<<$7

a7 : citi*en of the Philippinesb7 : person of good moral cond!ctc7 #!st have passed the psychiatric, dr!g and physical tests to be administered by

the P8P or by Government hospital accredited by the 8:P3L/3# for thep!rpose of determining physical and mental health.

d7 #!st possess formal baccala!reate degree from a recogni*ed instit!tion for

learning.e7 #!st be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the 8:P3L/3#

4passed the police entrance e+amination, /ivil 5ervice E+amination7f7 #!st not have been dishonorably discharge from military employment or

dismissed for ca!se from any civilian position in the government.g7 #!st not have been convicted by final 9!dgment of an offenseIcrime involving

moral t!rpit!de.h7 @eight reB!irement J <1011 4$.C-m7 for male, <1-11 4$.<%m7 for females or <1-11 for

male, <111 for females !nder the height waiver as provided in !nder ;: '<<$.i7 (eight reB!irement" m!st not more or less than < kgs. of the standard weight

corresponding to hisIher height, age and se+. 97 :ge reB!irement J for new applicants, m!st not be less than -$ years of age at

the time of application or more than > years of age.

A''ointent in the PNP2The "''ointent o) the o))ice$( "n e8e$( o) the o))ice$( "ne8e$( o) the PNP (h"ll 8e "))ecte in the )ollo-in! "nne$;

4a7 Police O))ice$ 1 to Senio$ Police O))ice$ < J appointed by the P8P ;egional =irector for ;egional Personnel or by the /hief of P8P for the 8ational @Ds personnel andattested by the /ivil 5ervice /ommission 4/5/7

4b7 Police In('ecto$ to Police S#'e$intenent J appointed by the /IP8P, asrecommended by their immediate s!periors, and attested by the /5/.

4c7 Police Senio$ S#'e$intenent to Police De'#t% Di$ecto$ Gene$"l J appointed by thePresident !pon the recommendation of the /IP8P with the proper endorsement by the

/hairman of the /5/ and s!b9ect to confirmation by the /ommission on :ppointments4/:7.

4d7 Police Di$ecto$ Gene$"l J appointed by the President from among the 5enior 3fficersdown to the rank of /hief 5!perintendent in the service, s!b9ect to the confirmation bythe /:., provided, that the /IP8P shall serve a to!r of d!ty not e+ceeding 0 years.Provided, f!rther, that in times of war or other national emergency declared by congress,the President may e+tend s!ch to!r of d!ty.

Ent$"nce Police E>"in"tion2Une$ RA 1: the N"tion"l Police Coi((ion(h"ll "ini(te$ the ent$"nce "n '$ootion"l e>"in"tion( )o$ 'oliceen on the 8"(i(o) the (t"n"$( (et 8% Coi((ion "n (h"ll con)e$ "''$o'$i"te 'olice (e$6ice eli!i8ilit%#'on (#cce(()#l e>"inee(.

A''ointent 8% L"te$"l Ent$% J )n general, all original appointments of commissionedofficers in the P8P shall commence with the rank of )nspector, to incl!de those which highlytechnical B!alifications applying for the P8P technical services, s!ch as dentist, optometrists,n!rses, engineers, and grad!ates of forensic sciences. =octors of medicine, members of thear and /haplains shall be appointed to the rank of 5enior )nspector in their partic!lar technicalservices. Grad!ated on the P8P: shall be a!tomatically appointed to the initial rank of )nspector. Licensed /riminologist may be appointed to the rank of )nspector to fill !p anyvacancy.

W"i6e$ )o$ Initi"l A''ointent to the PNP;"+ The age, height and weight and ed!cational reB!irements for initial

appointment to the P8P may be waived only when, the n!mber of B!alified applicants falls below the minim!m ann!al B!ota.

8+ The 8:P3L/3# may grant waiver of age, height, weight or ed!cational reB!irement.

c+ (aiver of the age reB!irement may be granted provided that theapplicant sho!ld not be less than - or over >< years of age.

+ (aiver of the height reB!irement may be granted to male applicant whois at least $.<%m and $.<- for female applicants provided that the8:P3L/3# may set a lower height reB!irement for applicants whobelong to c!lt!ral minorities d!ly certified by the 3ffice of the #!slim

:ffairs or the appropriate Government entity. Provided, f!rther, that the

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8:P3L/3# may reB!ire said applicant to s!bmit their membership in acertain c!lt!ral minority.

e+ :n applicant who is granted a weight waiver shall be given reasonabletime b!t not e+ceeding C months within which to comply with saidreB!irement.

)+ (aiver of ed!cational reB!irement may be granted to an applicant whohas finished second ear /ollege or has earned at least %- collegiate!nits leading to a bachelor1s degree. Provided, that any person who willenter the service witho!t a baccala!reate degree shall be given a

ma+im!m of fo!r years to obtain the reB!ired ed!cational reB!irement.

F"cto$( to 8e con(ie$e in the !$"nt o) -"i6e$ $. 3!tstanding accomplishments in law enforcement or police work or related field.-. Level of physical stamina end!rance or agility.>. Proficiency in martial arts, marksmanship and similar skills.0. E+tensive e+perience in forensic science, ballistics and other technical services.<. 3ther similar factors relevant to the reB!irements of police work.

An "''lic"tion )o$ -"i6e$ o) "!e: hei!ht: -ei!ht o$ e#c"tion"l $e4#i$eent "% 8e!$"nte i) the "''lic"nt 'o((e(( " cl#(te$ o) the )"cto$( en#e$"te he$ein.

Selection C$ite$i" #ne$ the W"i6e$ P$o!$" J :pplication !nder the waiver program shall bes!b9ected to the following minim!m criteriaF

$. :pplicants who possess the least disB!alification shall take precedence over those whopossess more disB!alification.

-. The reB!irement shall be waived in the followingF a7age b7height c7weight andd7ed!cation.

>. Each application for the waiver m!st possess special B!alifications, skills or attrib!tes!sef!l or needed by the P8P.

N"t#$e o) A''ointent #ne$ the -"i6e$ '$o!$". :ny !niformed P8P member whois admitted d!e to the waiver of the ed!cational or weight reB!irement shall be iss!ed a

temporary appointment pending the satisfaction of the reB!irements waived. :ny member whowill fail to satisfy any of the waived reB!irements within the specified periods shall be separatedfor service.

The "''lic"tion o) (e'"$"te PNP e8e$ #ne$ the -"i6e$ '$o!$". :ny P8Pmember who shall have entered and s!bseB!ently been separated !nder the weight or ed!cational waiver aspects of the program shall be eligible to re"apply for the appointment tothe P8P. Provided, that heIshe possess all the minim!m B!alifications, e+cept age and height.Provided, f!rther, that hisIher application will not by virt!e of another waiver.

1./.<. POLICE WELFARE AND ,ENEFITS

S"l"$ie(: ,ene)it( P$i6ile!e( in the PNP J The !niformed members of the P8P areconsidered employees of the 8ational Government and draw their salaries there from. Theyhave the same salary grade that of p!blic school teacher, P8P member assigned in#etropolitan #anila, /hartered cities and first class m!nicipalities may be paid financialincentives by the local government !nit concerned s!b9ect to the availability of f!nds.

,ene)it( "n P$i6ile!e($. Incenti6e "n A-"$( J The =)LG shall prom!lgate standards on incentives and award

system in the P8P administered by the oard of )ncentives and :wards. :wards may bein the form of decoration, service medals and citation badges or in monetaryconsiderations.

The "#tho$i9e eco$"tion( "$e;*"+ Me"l%" n! &"!itin!"n *PNP Me"l o) V"lo$+ 5 :warded to any member of the P8P.

The reB!irementF for action of the recipient involving conspic!o!s gallantry andintrepidity at the risk of life and limb above and beyond the call of d!ty. )n order to

9!stify this award, a member of the P8P m!st perform in action, a deed of personalbravery and self sacrifice above and beyond the call of d!ty so conspic!o!s as todisting!ish himself clearly above his comrades in the performance of more than ordinaryha*ardo!s service. :warded only by the President of the Philippines.

*8+ Me"l%" n! &"8"%"nih"n *PNP Di(tin!#i(he Con#ct Me"l+2 awarded to anymember of the P8P for acts of conspic!o!s co!rage and gallantry in the face of an

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armed enemy or acts of heroism so notable and involving a risk of life so e+traordinaryas to set him apart from his comrades. :warded by the 5ecretary of the )nterior andLocal Government.

*c+ Me"l%" n! ="t"'"t"n (" '"!lilin!=o *PNP Di(tin!#i(he Se$6ice Me"l+ Jawarded to any member of the P8P for an e+ceptional performance of ma9or responsibility d!ly recogni*ed as s!ch by the service. The accomplishment of the d!tysho!ld have been complete prior to s!bmission of recommendation or, if the person

being recommended has been transferred prior to completion, the accomplishmentm!st have been determined to be e+ceptional or significant. :warded by the 5ecretaryof the )nterior and Local Government.

*+ Me"l%" n! ="t"'"n!"n *PNP ,$"6e$% e"l+2 awarded to any member of the P8Pfor gallantry in action not warranting the award of medalya ng kagitingan or medalya ngkabayanihan. :warded by the /hief P8P.

*e+ Me"l%" n! ="t"n!it"n!in! !"-" *PNP O#t(t"nin! Achie6eent Me"l7"awarded to P8P members and civilian personnel of the ;ep!blic of the Philippines andof friendly foreign nations for disting!ished or e+traordinary achievement or service in

the advancement of science, socio"economic, technical andIor police field related top!blic service of the highest order. :warded by the /hief P8P.

*)+ Me"l%" n) '"8ihi$"n! '"!lilin!=o *PNP S'eci"l Se$6ice Me"l 7 J awarded topersonnel of the P8P and police personnel of friendly foreign nations. )t is alsoawarded to civilians of the Philippines and friendly foreign nations. This is for eminentlymeritorio!s and val!able service in the field of police operations while in position of ma9or responsibility. The performance of d!ty m!st be s!ch as to merit recognition bythe service as e+ceptional. :warded by the /hief P8P.

*!+ Me"l%" n! =""=il""n *PNP He$oi( Me"l+ J awarded to members of the P8P for

heroism not involving act!al conflict with an armed enemy. :warded by the /hief P8P,=irectors of P8P ;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*h+ Me"l%" n! ="t"n!it"n!in! "("l *PNP O#t(t"nin! con#ct e"l7" awarded toany B!asi"police force member or other civilian vol!nteer for heroic acts by an individ!alwhile in action involving act!al conflict with an enemy in a crime sit!ation or life savingsit!ation disting!ishing himself conspic!o!sly by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of d!ty. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*i+ Me"l%" n! ="!"lin!"n *PNP Me"l o) Me$it+ J awarded to members of the P8P for

a single act of heroism or a series of heroic acts in a d!ty responsibility. or heroicachievements not warranting the award of @eroism #edal 4#edalya ng Aadakilaan7.

:warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P ;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*7+ Me"l%" n! ="("n"%"n *PNP E))icienc% e"l+2 awarded to members of the P8P for eminently meritorio!s and inval!able service to merit recognition by the service ase+ceptional. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P ;egional /ommands,=irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P ;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*=+ Me"l%" n! '"'#$i *PNP Coen"tion e"l7" awarded to members of the P8Pfor demonstrated e+emplary efficiency, devotion and loyalty to their d!ty assignments.


*l+ Me"l%" n! (#!"t"n! "!itin! *PNP Wo#ne Pe$(onnel Me"l+ J awarded tomembers of the P8P act!ally performing their d!ties. or having been wo!nded inaction against an enemy as a direct res!lt of an act of the enemy provided s!ch wo!ndsnecessitate treatment by a medical officer. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

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*+ Me"l%" n! #!n"%"n! '"'#li(%" *Police Rel"tion Me"l+2 awarded to members of the P8P for meritorio!s achievement in the field of police relations. :warded by the/hief P8P, =irectors of P8P ;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice5!pport ?nits.

*n+ Me"l%" n! M"8#tin! A("l *PNP Goo Con#ct Me"l+ J awarded to members of the P8P for conspic!o!s devotion to d!ty e+tended to a period of five 4<7 years witho!trecord of p!nishment, conviction or derogatory information whatsoever.

*o+ Me"l%" n! '"!lilin!=o *PNP Se$6ice e"l7"awarded to members of the P8P for completion of at least twenty 4-7 years of faithf!l and honorable service. 3ne silver service star shall be added on the ribbon for every additional 4<7 five years in service.


*'+ Me"l%" n! '"!l"l"8"n (" "nlili!"li! *PNP Anti2Di((ience Me"l+2awarded tomembers of the P8P for active service for any period of si+ 4C7 months while!ndertaking an operation, campaign or movement, against the dissidents. :warded bythe /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P ;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice5!pport ?nits.

*4+ Me"l%" (" '"!t#lon! (" n"("l"nt"*PNP Di("(te$ Relie) "n Reh"8ilit"tionMe"l+"awarded to members of the P8P for active participation in an !ndertakinginvolving resc!eIrelief and rehabilitation operations connected with typhoons, floods,earthB!akes, conflagration and other disastersIcalamities for any period d!ring and after disastersIcalamities. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P ;egional/ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*$+ T("'" (" N"t"t"n!in! 0#nit *PNP Unit Cit"tion ,"!e+2awarded to members of theP8P for acts and services of e+ceptional devotion and fidelity. :warded by the /hief P8P.

*(+ Me"l%" n! '"!lilin!=o (" L#9on *L#9on c"'"i!n e"l+2awarded to membersof the P8P for participation in the campaign against criminality or ins!rgency in L!*onfor at least si+4C7 months. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P ;egional/ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*t+ Me"l%" n! '"!lilin!=o (" Vi("%"( *Vi("%"( c"'"i!n e"l+2awarded tomembers of the P8P for participation in the campaign against criminality or ins!rgencyin 2isayas for at least si+4C7 months. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*#+ Me"l%" n! '"!lilin!=o (" Min"n"o *Min"n"o c"'"i!n e"l+" awarded tomembers of the P8P for participation in the campaign against criminality or ins!rgencyin #indanao for at least si+4C7 months. :warded by the /hief P8P, =irectors of P8P;egional /ommands, =irectors of 8ational 5ervice 5!pport ?nits.

*6+ M!" t("'" n! =#-"li'i="(%on *PNP 4#"li)ic"tion 8"!e(+2 awarded to members of the P8P for ability and efficiency in speciali*ed fields s!ch as water s!rface operations,!nderwater operations, airborne operations, navigation, marksmanship, s!rveillance,electronics and technical e+pertise special weapons, or ordinance, e+plosives, chemicalweapons, heavy !nconventional operations and others which are in line with ro!tinepolice operations s!ch as patrol, traffic, investigation, vice control, 9!venile delinB!ency

control as well as administrative and a!+iliary f!nctions. :!thority for the awarding of theP8P D!alification badges shall be in accordance with the governing circ!lars.

Po(th#o#( A-"$ J in case on individ!al who disting!ish himself dies before the granting of the awards to which he may be entitled, the award may nevertheless be made and the medal,star, bar, or other emblem or device, may be presented within three 4>7 years from the date of the act 9!stifying the award thereof, to s!ch representative of the deceased as the /hief P8Pmay designate.

-. He"lth "n Wel)"$e J )t is the concern of the =)LG to provide leadership and assistancein developing health and welfare programs for its personnel. :ll head in the P8P in their

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respective levels are responsible to initiate proper step to create a good atmosphere of as!perior"s!bordinate relationship and improvement of the personnel morale.

>. Lon!e6it% P"% "n Allo-"nce( J ?nder ;: C&%<, P8P personnel are entitled tolongevity pay of $K of their basic monthly salaries for every five years of service b!tthe totality of s!ch longevity pay does not e+ceed <K of the basic pay. @owever, theyalso contin!e to en9oy theF

• 5!bsistence allowance

• cost of living allowance

• D!arter allowance

• ha*ard pay

• /lothing allowance

• others

0. Reti$eent ,ene)it J There is monthly retirement pay of <K of the base pay andlongevity pay of the retired grade in case of - years of active service, increasing by-.<K for every year of active service and rendered beyond - years to ma+im!m of &Kfor >C years of service and over. Payment of the retirement benefits in l!mp s!m ismade within C months from affectivity date of retirement andIor completion. ;etirementpay of P8P members is s!b9ect of ad9!stment based on prevailing scale of base pay of

Police personnel in the active service. 4;: '<<$7

<. Pe$"nent Ph%(ic"l Di("8ilit% J : P8P member who is permanently and totallydisabled as a res!lt of in9!ries s!ffered or sickness contracted in the performance of d!tyas certified by the 8:P3L/3#, !pon finding and certification of a medical officer, thatthe e+tent of disability or sickness render s!ch member !nfit or !nable to f!rther performthe d!ties of hisIher position, is entitled to a grat!ity eB!ivalent to one year salary and toa lifetime pension eB!ivalent to 'K of hisIher last salary, in addition to other benefits asprovided by e+isting laws.

C. E"$l% Reti$eent ,ene)it J : P8P member at his or her own reB!est and with the

approval of the 8:P3L/3#, retire from the police service and be paid separationbenefits corresponding to a position two 4-7 rank higher than his or her present rank,whether temporary or permanent s!b9ect to the following conditionsF

a7 That at the time he or she applies for retirement, heIshe has already rendered at leastten years of contin!o!s government service

b7 the applicant is not sched!led for separation or retirement from the service d!e to theattrition system or separation for ca!se

c7 heIshe has no pending administrative or criminal case andd7 heIshe has at least three more years in the service before reaching the comp!lsory

retirement age and at least a year before hisIher ma+im!m ten!re in position.

1./.<.B POLICE ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINAR0 S0STEMA.CITIZENS COMPLAINTS"

:ny complaint by an individ!al person against any member of the P8P shall be bro!ghtbefore the followingF 5!b9ect to the provision of ;: '<<$ complaint against any member of theP8P is known as citi*en1s complaints.

$7 Chie) o) Police o$ Di$ecto$( o) Cit% Police O))ice( J where the offense is p!nishableby withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits, s!spension or forfeit!re of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period not e+ceeding fifteen 4$<7 days.

-7 M"%o$( o) Citie( "n M#nici'"litie( J where the offense is p!nishable by withholdingof privileges, restriction to specified limits, s!spension or forfeit!re of salary, or anycombination thereof, for a period not less than si+teen 4$C7 days not e+ceeding thirty 4>7days.

>7 Peo'le( L"- En)o$ceent ,o"$ *PLE,+ J as created !nder 5ection 0> of ;: '<<$,where the offense is p!nishable by withholding of privileges, restriction to specifiedlimits, s!spension or forfeit!re of salary, or any combination thereof, for a periode+ceeding thirty 4>7 days, demotion or by dismissal from the service.

07 All othe$ citi9en( co'l"int( "!"in(t PNP e8e$(, who are not assigned in them!nicipal station or city police officeIstation or in areas where no PLE is organi*ed,shall be filed with the provincial or regional )nternal :ffairs 5ervice where the offense

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was committed Provide, that the 9!risdiction of the s!mmary dismissal a!thorities shallnot be affected.

Note; Meo$"n# Ci$c#l"$ NO. /21 *#ni)o$ $#le( o) '$oce#$e 8e)o$e the"ini(t$"ti6e i(ci'lin"$% "#tho$itie( "n the inte$n"l "))"i$( (e$6ice o) the PNP+

,.,REACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE reach of )nternal =iscipline refers to any offense committed by a P8P member

affecting order and discipline within the police organi*ation.

$7 Chie) o) Police o$ e4#i6"lent (#'e$6i(o$(: where the imposable penalty is admonitionreprimand restriction to specified limits withholding of privileges forfeit!re of salary or s!spension or any of the combination of the foregoingF Provided, that, in all cases thetotal period shall not e+ceed fifteen 4$<7 days.

-7 P$o6inci"l Di$ecto$( o$ e4#i6"lent (#'e$6i(o$(, where the imposable penalty isadmonition or reprimand restrictive c!stody withholding of privileges forfeit!re of salaryor s!spension or any of the combination of the foregoingF Provided, that, in all cases thetotal period shall not e+ceed thirty 4>7 days.

>7 The Re!ion"l Di$ecto$ o$ e4#i6"lent (#'e$6i(o$ h"6e 9!risdiction over offensesp!nishable by dismissal from the service and those where the imposable penalties areadmonition or reprimand, restrictive c!stody, withholding of privileges, s!spension or

forfeit!re of salary, demotion, or any combination of the foregoing F Provided that, in allcases, the total period shall not e+ceed si+ty 4C7 days.

07 The Chie) o) the PNP has 9!risdiction over offenses p!nishable by dismissal from theservice demotion, s!spension or forfeit!re of salary, or any combination thefeof for aperiod not e+ceeding one h!ndred eighty 4$'7 days. The /hief of the P8P has thea!thority to place police personnel !nder restrictive c!stody d!ring the pendency of agrave administrative or criminal case against him.

C. ECLUSIVE URISDICTION : complaint or a charge filed against a P8P member shall be heard and decided

e+cl!sively by the disciplining a!thority who has acB!ired original 9!risdiction over the case andnotwithstanding the e+istence of conc!rrent 9!risdiction as regards the offense. Provided, that

offenses which carry higher penalties referred to a disciplining a!thority shall be referred to theappropriate a!thority which has 9!risdiction over the offense.

or p!rposes of this :/T, a “minor offense” shall refer to an act or omission not involvingmoral t!rpit!de 4 incl!des everything which is done contrary to 9!stice, honesty, modesty, or good morals7, b!t affecting the internal discipline of the P8P, and shall incl!de, b!t not belimited toF $7 simple miscond!ct or negligence, -7 ins!bordination, >7 freB!ent absences or tardiness, 07 habit!al dr!nkenness, and <7 gambling prohibited by law.

SUMMAR0 DISMISSAL POWERS OF THE NAPOLCOM: PNP CHIEF AND REGIONALDIRECTORS. The NAPOLCOM: Chie) o) the PNP "n $e!ion"l i$ecto$(: ")te$ #e notice"n (#"$% he"$in!(: "% iei"tel% $eo6e o$ i(i(( "n% $e('onent PNPe8e$ in "n% o) the )ollo-in! c"(e(; * S#"$% i(i(("l c"(e i( one -he$e the

">i# 'en"lt% i'o("8le i( i(i(("l )$o the (e$6ice "n the o))en(e )"ll( #ne$ "n% o) the )ollo-in! c"(e(

4a7 (hen the charge is serio!s and the evidence of g!ilt is strong4b7 (hen the respondent is a recidivist 4a person who has been previo!sly penali*ed for a

grave offense and is again charged of another or the same grave offense7 or has beenrepeatedly charged and there are reasonable gro!nds to believe that he is g!ilty of thecharges

4c7 (hen the respondent is g!ilty of a serio!s offense involving cond!ct !nbecoming of apolice officer 4any act or behavior of a police officer, irrespective of rank, done in hisofficial or private capacity which, in dishonoring or disgracing himself as a police officer,serio!sly compromising his character and standing in the P8P in s!ch a manner as toindicate vitiated or corr!pt state of moral character which shows his !nworthiness to

remain in the police service.74d7 (hen any member or officer has been absent witho!t official leave for a contin!o!s

period of thirty 4>7 calendar days or more Provided, that where dropping from the rollsis resorted to as a mode of separation from the service, the police officer can no longer be charged for serio!s neglect of d!ty arising from absence witho!t leave 4:(3L7 andvice versa.

A8(ence -itho#t o))ici"l le"6e "( " !$o#n )o$ (#"$% i(i(("l 5 AWOL $e)e$( to the(t"t#( o) "n% PNP e8e$ -ho "8(ent hi(el) o$ he$(el) -itho#t "''$o6e le"6e o) "8(ence "n enco'"((e( 8#t not liite to the )ollo-in!;

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4a7 :bsence from place of work or assignment witho!t approved vacation leave4b7 ail!re to report for d!ty after the e+piration of the approve leave of absence.4c7 ail!re to give notice to hisIher immediate s!perior officer of hisIher mobility to report for

work on acco!nt of sickness or in9!ry.4d7 ail!re to file appropriate application for sick leave4e7 :bandonment of work or assignment witho!t prior approval of s!perior officer 4f7 ail!re to report to hisIher new assignment within > days of receipt of the order of

assignment or for reporting to a !nit where heIshe is not officially assigned.

/ontin!o!s absences witho!t official leave for > days or more by any P8P member !nder the any of the foregoing shall be a gro!nd for s!mmary dismissal from service. :(3L can bealso a basis for dropping the concerned member from the rolls !pon notification.

Whe$e to )ile" The complaint may be filed before the following disciplinary a!thoritiesF a7 P8P;egional =irectors or =irectors of the 8ational 5!pport ?nits, b7 /hief of the P8P, and c7 The8ational Police /ommission En anc.

The Inte$n"l A))"i$( Se$6ice; The )nspector General shall establish the national, regional andprovincial offices of )nternal :ffairs 5ervice 4):57 in order to effectively and efficiently carry o!tits mandated 4created !nder ;: '<<$7 f!nctions and powersF

4a7 Pro"actively cond!ct inspection and a!dits on P8P personnel and !nits4b7 )nvestigative complaints and gather evidence in s!pport of an open )nvestigation4c7 /ond!ct s!mmary hearings on P8P members facing administrative charges4d7 5!bmit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis and eval!ation of the character

and behavior of P8P personnel and !nits to the /hief, P8P and the /ommission4e7 ile appropriate criminal cases against P8P members before the co!rt as evidence

warrants and assist in the prosec!tion of the case, and4f7 Provide assistance to the 3ffice of the 3mb!dsman in the cases involving the personnel

of the P8P.

The IAS (h"ll "l(o con#ct ot# '$o'io: "#to"tic in6e(ti!"tion o) the )ollo-in! c"(e(;

4a7 )ncidents where a P8P member discharges a firearm4b7 )ncidents where death, serio!s physical in9!ry, or any violation of h!man rights occ!rred

in the cond!ct of a Police operation incidents where evidence was compromise,tampered with obliterated, or lost while in the c!stody of police member.

4c7 )ncidents where a s!spect in the c!stody of the police was serio!sly in9!red, and4d7 )ncidents where the established r!les of engagement have been violated.

Di(ci'lin"$% Recoen"tion( o) the IAS

4a7 :ny !niformed P8P personnel fo!nd g!ilty of any of the cases mentioned above andany immediate s!perior or s!pervisor fo!nd negligent shall be recommended

a!tomatically for dismissal or demotion, as the case maybe.4b7 ;ecommendations by the ):5 for the imposition of disciplinary meas!res against erring

P8P personnel, once final cannot be revised, set"aside, or !nd!ly delayed by anydisciplining a!thority witho!t 9!st ca!se. :ny P8P disciplining a!thority who fails to actor who acts with ab!se of discretion on the recommendation of the ):5 shall be madeliable for gross neglect of d!ty. The case of erring disciplining a!thority shall bes!bmitted to the =irector General for proper disposition.

:ppeals from ):5 ;esol!tion dismissing an administrative complaint" ;esol!tions of theProsec!tion =ivision of the 8ational ):5 3ffice or ;egional ):5 dismissing the administrativecomplaint for lack of probable ca!se may be appealed to the )nspector General. =ecisionsof the )nspector General affirming the ;esol!tions of the ;egional ):5 may be appealed tothe 8ational :ppellate oard 48:7

Fin"ll%: the IAS (h"ll '$o6ie oc#ent( o$ $ecoen"tion( "( $e!"$( to the'$ootion o) the e8e$( o) the PNP o$ the "((i!nent o) the PNP to "n% =e% 'o(ition.*RA 1+

The Di(ci'lin"$% A''ell"te ,o"$$. 8ational :ppellate oard 48:7 shall be composed of the fo!r reg!lar commissioners

and shall be chaired by the 2ice"chairperson and E+ec!tive officer. The following areappealable to the 8:F

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a7 =ecisions of the /hief of the P8P where the penalty imposed is demotion or dismissal from the service

b7 =isciplinary recommendations of the )nspector General, ):5 that were not acted!pon by the /hief, P8P within thirty days from s!bmission by the )nspector General, ):5 where the recommended penalty is demotion or dismissal, and

c7 =ecisions of the )nspector General affirming the ;esol!tion of the regional ):5dismissing the complaint for lack of probable ca!se.

-. ;egional :ppellate oard 4;:7 shall be composed of a senior officer of the

8:P3L/3# regional office as chairperson and one representative J considers appealsfrom decisions of the ;egional =irectors, each from the P8P, and the ;egional Peaceand order co!ncil 4;P3/7 as members. The following are appealable to the ;:F

4a7 =ecisions of the PLE where the penalty imposed is demotion or dismissal fromthe service

4b7 =ecisions of the P8P ;egional =irector or eB!ivalent s!pervisor, where thepenalty imposed is demotion or dismissal from the service

4c7 =ecisions of city and m!nicipal #ayors in cases falling within their respective 9!risdictions and

4d7 =isciplinary recommendations of the regional ):5 which were not acted !pon bythe P8P ;egional =irector or eB!ivalent s!pervisor within thirty days from

s!bmission by the ;egional ):5, where the recommended penalty is demotion or dismissal from the service.

The Peo'le( L"- En)o$ceent ,o"$ *PLE,+ The PLE is one of the disciplinary tool of the P8P that hear and decide citi*en1s

complaints or cases filed before it against erring officers of the P8P. There shall be at least onePLE for every m!nicipality and for each of the legislative districts in a city. There shall be atleast one PLE for every five h!ndred city or m!nicipal police personnel.

It co'o(e o) the )ollo-in!;

$. :ny member of the 5angg!niang Panl!nsod or 5angg!niang ayan chosen by hisIher respective 5anggg!inian.

-. :ny pPnong"arangayIarangay /aptain of the city or m!nicipality concerned chosenby the :ssociation of arangay /aptains. 4:/7

>. Three other members who can be removed only for ca!se, chosen by the cityIm!nicipalpeace and order co!ncil from among the respected members of the comm!nity knownfor their probity and integrity, one of whom m!st be a woman and another, a member of the ar, in the absence thereof, a college grad!ate, or the principal of the centralelementary school in the locality.

The Ch"i$'e$(on o) the PLE, (h"ll 8e electe )$o "on! it( e8e$(.

E+cept as provided in this section or as maybe provided by law, a p!blic official or employee is disB!alified for appointment or designation as member of the PLE.

:pplying the provisions of :rticle $<-, chapter )2, title ))), ook )) of the ;evised Penal/ode, the members of the PLE are considered persons in a!thority.

1./.<. WOMEN AND CHILDRENS DES&S AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A GENDERSENSITIVT0 PROGRAM IN THE PNP. *RA 1+

CREATION AND FUNCTION.The P8P shall establish women1s desk in all police stations thro!gho!t the co!ntry to

administer and attend to cases involving crimes against chastity, se+!al harassment, ab!ses

committed against women and children and other similar offenses. 4section<%7The P8P shall reserve ten percent 4$K7 of its ann!al recr!itment, training, and

ed!cation B!ota for women.

*Section @+ Gene$ Sen(iti6it% P$o!$". The /ommission shall form!late a gender sensitivity program to incl!de b!t not limited to the establishment of eB!al opport!nities for women in the P8P, the prevention of se+!al harassment in the workplace, and the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender or se+!al orientation.

Note; Gender refers to the social differences between men and women that are learned,changeable over time, and have wide variations within and between c!lt!res. )t is a socio"

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economic variable to analy*e roles, responsibilities, constraints, opport!nities and needs of menand women in any conte+t.

The Gene$ "n De6elo'ent P$o!$" *Mo#le 1 PPSC+. 3ne of the government1s priority program foc!ses on gender and development. G:=

e+amines the social, c!lt!ral, political and economic realities in society and how they assigndifferent roles, responsibilities and e+pectations to women and men. eca!se of these

disparities, women and men have different needs and interests. Th!s, program, pro9ects andactivities for development affect them differently as well. These differences have to beconsidered when government agencies and local government !nits 4LG?s7 draft their plans,allocate reso!rces for them, implement their programs, pro9ects and activities, and monitor andeval!ated their impact. This process, collectively considered as one way of mainstreaminggender in government, enables agencies to carry o!t a gender"responsive planning.

: national bl!eprint, the Philippine Plan for Gender";esponsive =evelopment 4PPG=7,$&&<"--<, g!ides agencies in responding to G:= iss!es and concerns that need to beaddressed in the long"term. The plan spells o!t gender"related goals of vario!s sectors andsets forth policies, strategies and programs that need to be implemented to attain them.

Two kinds of G:= plan 4it is a systematically designed set of programs, pro9ects and activities

carried o!t by agencies and LG?1s over a given period of time to address gender iss!es andconcerns in their respective sectors and constit!ents.7

$7 Gene$2Re('on(i6e Mei#2te$ 'l"n" an agency or local plan is gender"responsiveif it e+plicitly aims to address the needs and concerns of its clientele and constit!entsand respond to the social, economic, political and c!lt!ral iss!es that affect their lives. )ttranslates the co!ntry1s commitment to s!ch international contracts as the ei9ingPlatform for :ction 4P:7 and the ?nited 8ations /onvention on the Elimination of :llorms of =iscrimination :gainst (omen 4?8"/E=:(7 into concrete action. )ts agendaadvances the ob9ectives of s!ch national policies as the (omen in =evelopment and8ation"!ilding 4;:%$&-, the PPG=, and other presidential directives on gender iss!eslike domestic violence, se+!al harassment and the low percentage of women in

decision"making positions in government.

-7 Ann#"l GAD 'l"n" an ann!al G:= plan translates the agencies1 or LG?s Gender";esponsive #edi!m"Term plan into goals, targets, activities and b!dget for the year.

1.3 THE PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL EECUTIVES IN POLICE ADMINISTRATIONPOWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OVER THE PNP UNITS OR FORCES

1.3.1 GOVERNORS AND MA0ORS AS DEPUTIES OF THE NAPOLCOM OVER THE POLICEURISDICTION

Governors and mayors shall be dep!ti*ed as representatives of the /ommission in their

respective territorial 9!risdictions. :s s!ch, the local e+ec!tives shall discharge the followingf!nctionsF

P$o6inci"l Go6e$no$

$7 Po-e$ to choo(e the P$o6inci"l i$ecto$. The provincial governor shall choose theprovincial director from a list of three 4>7 eligible recommended by the P8P regionaldirector.

-7 O6e$(eein! the P$o6inci"l P#8lic S")et% Pl"n I'leent"tion. The governor, as/hairman of the Provincial Peace and 3rder /o!ncil, shall oversee the implementationof the provincial p!blic safety plan, which is prepared taking into consideration the

integrated comm!nity safety plans, as provided !nder paragraph 4b7 4-7 of this section.

Cit% "n M#nici'"l M"%o$(

$7 O'e$"tion"l S#'e$6i(ion "n cont$ol. The city and m!nicipal mayors shall e+erciseoperational s!pervision and control over P8P !nits in their respective 9!risdictionse+cept d!ring the thirty 4>7 days period immediately preceding and the thirty 4>7 daysfollowing any national, local or barangay elections. =!ring the said period, the localpolice forces shall be !nder the s!pervision and control of the /ommission on Elections.

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The term “operational s!pervision and control” shall mean the power to direct,s!perintend, and oversee the day"to"day f!nctions of police investigation of crime, crimeprevention activities, and traffic control in accordance with the r!les and reg!lationsprom!lgated by the /ommission.

)t shall also incl!de the power to direct the employment and deployment of !nits or elements of the P8P, thro!gh the station commander, to ens!re p!blic safety and effectivemaintenance of peace and order within the locality. or this p!rpose, the terms “employment”and “deployment” shall mean as follows”

“Employment” refers to the !tili*ation of !nits or elements of the P8P for p!rposes of

protection of lives and properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order,prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders and bringing the offenders to 9!stice, andens!ring p!blic safety, partic!larly in the s!ppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence,rebellio!s and seditio!s conspiracy, ins!rgency, s!bversion or other related activities.

“=eployment” shall mean the orderly and organi*ed physical movement of elements or !nits of the P8P within the province, city or m!nicipality for p!rposes of employment as hereindefined.

-7 Inte!$"te Co#nit% S")et% Pl"n(. The m!nicipalIcity mayor shall in coordinationwith the local peace and order co!ncil of which he is the chairman p!rs!ant to E+ec!tive3rder 8o. >&, as amended, develop and establish an integrate areaIcomm!nity p!blicsafety plan embracing priorities of action and program thr!sts for implementation by thelocal P8P stations.

)t shall likewise, be the d!ty of the cityIm!nicipal mayor to sponsor periodic seminars for members of the P8P assigned or detailed in his cityIm!nicipality in order to !pdate themregarding local ordinances and legislations.

>7 Aini(t$"ti6e Di(ci'lin"$% Po-e$(. )n the areas of discipline, city and m!nicipalmayors shall have the power to impose, after d!e notice and s!mmary hearings,disciplinary penalties for minor offenses committed by members of the P8P assigned totheir respective 9!risdictions, as provided in 5ection 0$ of ;ep!blic :ct 8o. '<<$.

07 Othe$ Po-e$(. )n addition to the aforementioned powers, city and m!nicipal mayorsshall have the following a!thority over the P8P !nits in their respective 9!risdictionsF

i. :!thority to choose the chief of police from a list of five 4<7 eligible recommendedby the provincial police director, preferably from the same province, city or m!nicipalityF Provided, however, that in no case shall an officer"in"charge bedesignated for more than thirty 4>7 daysF Provided, f!rther, that the local peaceand order co!ncil may, thro!gh the city or m!nicipal mayor, recommend therecall or reassignment of the chief of police when, in its perception, the latter hasbeen ineffective in combating crime or maintaining peace and order in the city or m!nicipalityF Provided, finally, That s!ch relief shall be based on g!idelinesestablished by the 8:P3L/3#.

ii. :!thority to recommend to the provincial director the transfer, reassignment or detail of the P8P members o!tside of their respective city or town residences

andiii. :!thority to recommend from a list of eligible previo!sly screened by the peace

and order co!ncil the appointment of new members of the P8P to be assigned totheir respective cities or m!nicipalities witho!t which no s!ch appointments shallbe attestedF Provided, that whenever practicable and consistent with thereB!irements of the service, P8P members shall be assigned to the city or m!nicipality of their residence.

The control and s!pervision of anti"gambling operations shall be within the 9!risdiction of local government e+ec!tives.

Section B<. A#to"tic De'#t"tion o) Loc"l Go6e$nent E>ec#ti6e( "( Coi((ion

Re'$e(ent"ti6e(. Governors and mayors, !pon having been elected and having B!alified ass!ch, are a!tomatically dep!ti*ed as representatives of the 8ational Police /ommission in their respective 9!risdiction. :s dep!ti*ed agents of the /ommission, local government e+ec!tivescan inspect police forces and !nits, cond!ct a!dit, and e+ercise other f!nctions as may be d!lya!thori*ed by the /ommission.

1.3./ GROUNDS FOR SUSPENSION OF DEPUTIESS#('en(ion o$ -ith$"-"l o) e'#t"tion. ?nless reversed by the President, the /ommissionmay, after cons!ltation with the provincial governor and congressman concerned, s!spend or withdraw the dep!tation of any of the following gro!ndsF

*"+ reB!ent !na!thori*ed absences

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*8+ :b!se of a!thority*c+ Providing material s!pport to criminal elements or*+ Engaging in acts inimical to national sec!rity or which negate the effectiveness of the

peace and order campaign.

?pon good ca!se shown, the President may, directly or thro!gh the /ommission, mot!proprio restore s!ch dep!tation withdrawn from any local e+ec!tive.

1.< PLANNING AS A FUNCTION IN POLICE MANAGEMENT1.<.1POLICE MANAGEMENT PROCESS.

The management process involvesF Planning" 3rgani*ing J Leading J /ontrolling the!se of organi*ational reso!rces to achieve high performance res!lts.

Pl"nnin! )s the process of setting performance ob9ectives and identifying the actionsneeded to accomplish them. )t is the basic process we !se to select o!r goals and determinehow to achieve them. )t is every manager1s 9ob. 2ariations in planning responsibilities dependalso on the organi*ation1s si*e and p!rpose and on the manger1s specific f!nction or activity.

O$!"ni9in! is the process of dividing the work to be done and coordinating res!lts to

achieve a desired p!rpose.

Le"in! is the process of directing and coordinating the work efforts of other people tohelp them accomplish important task.

Cont$ollin! is the process of monitoring performance, comparing res!lts to ob9ectivesand taking corrective action as necessary.

POLICE PLANNING J is an attempt by administration to allocate anticipated reso!rces to meetanticipated service demands. )t is the systematic and orderly determination of facts and eventsas basis for policy form!lation and decision affecting law enforcement management.

1.<./. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNINGO,ECTIVES OF POLICE PLANNING

$. To increase the chances of s!ccess by foc!sing on res!lts and not so m!ch onthe ob9ectives.

-. To force analytical thinking and eval!ation of alternatives for better decisions.>. To establish a framework for decision making consistent with the goal of the

organi*ation.0. To orient people to action instead of reaction.<. To modify the day"to"day style of operation to f!t!re management.C. To provide decision making with fle+ibility.%. To provide basis for meas!ring general accomplishments or individ!al

performance.'. To increase employee and personnel involvement and to improve

comm!nication.

CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE PLANS$. The plans m!st be s!fficiently specific so that the behavior reB!ired is !nderstood.-. The benefits derived from the achievement of the goals associated with the plan m!st

offset the efforts of developing and implementing the plan, and the level of achievementsho!ld not be so modest that it is easily reached.

>. )nvolvement in their form!lation m!st be as widespread as is reasonably possible.0. They sho!ld contain a degree of fle+ibility to allow for the !nforeseen.<. There m!st be coordination in the development and implementation of plans with other

!nits of government whenever there appears even only a minimal need for s!ch action.C. They m!st be coordinated in their development and implementation within the police

department to ens!re consistency.%. :s may be appropriate the means for comparing the res!lts planned for vers!s the

res!lts act!ally prod!ced m!st be specified before implementation.

or tactical plans, this often takes the form of an analysis, referred to as the “after"action report.”

CHARACTERISTICSOF A GOOD POLICE OPERATIONAL PLAN$. )t reflects the e+periences of the line officers.

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-. )t incorporates the finding of the police statistician.>. )t contains the concl!sion of the crime analyst.0. )t incorporates the co!nsel of the staff officers.<. )t incl!des advises of every organic personnel and !nit involved in planning.

1.<.3. T0PES AND CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE PLANNINGCLASSIFICATION OF PLANA. Acco$in! to co6e$"!e

$. Local Plan

-. ;egional Plan>. 8ational Plan

,. Acco$in! to Tie$. St$"te!ic o$ Lon! R"n!e Pl"n J it relates to plans, which are strategic or long range in

application, it determines the organi*ation1s original goals and strategy. eca!se itcovers s!ch long period, is most v!lnerable to !npredictable f!t!re changes.

-. . Inte$ei"te o$ Mei# R"n!e Pl"n J relates to plans, which determines B!antityand B!ality efforts and accomplishments. )t refers to the process of determining thecontrib!tion on efforts that can make or provide with allocated reso!rces.

>. O'e$"tion"l o$ Sho$t R"n!e Pl"n J refers to the prod!ction of plans, which determinesthe sched!le of special activity and are applicable from one week to less than a year d!ration. )t is a plan that addresses immediate need which is specific and how it can beaccomplished on time with available allocated reso!rces.

FACTORS AFFECTING PLANNING$. /ondition-. Time>. ;eso!rces :vailable0. 5kills and :ttit!des of #anagementI3perators<. 5ocial and Political Environment

C. Physical acilities%. /ollection and :nalysis of =ata

T0PES OF PLAN " : plan can be anything that represents a conscio!s decision to infl!encesome f!t!re action or condition, s!ch as setting an alarm clock. Plans vary according to the

• 5cope and nat!re of the action that is to be taken according to the plan

• Period encompassed in the plan

• 8!mber of times the plan, or minor variations of each, it will be repeated

• =efiniteness of the plan

Gene$"l T%'e( o) Pl"n(

$. Re"cti6e Pl"n( "$e e6elo'e "( " $e(#lt o) c$i(i(. : partic!lar problem may occ!r for which the department has no plan and m!st B!ickly develop one, sometimes witho!tcaref!l preparation.

-. P$o"cti6e Pl"n( "$e e6elo'e in "ntici'"tion o) '$o8le(. :ltho!gh not all policeproblems are predictable, many are, and it is possible for a police department to preparea response in advance.

>. Vi(ion"$% Pl"n( "$e e((enti"l (t"teent( th"t ienti)% the $ole o) the 'olice in theco#nit% "n " )#t#$e conition o$ (t"te to -hich the e'"$tent c"n "('i$e. :vision may also incl!de a statement of val!es to be !sed to g!ide the decision makingprocess in the department.

0. St$"te!ic Pl"n( "$e e(i!ne to eet the lon!2$"n!e: o6e$"ll !o"l( o) theo$!"ni9"tion. 5!ch plans allow the department to adapt to anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or model of policing 4e.g. comm!nity policing7. 3ne of themost important aspects of strategic planning is to foc!s on e+ternal environmentalfactors that affect the goals and ob9ectives of the department and how they will beachieved. )mportant environmental factors incl!de personnel needs, pop!lation trends,technological innovations, b!siness trends and demand, crime problems, andcomm!nity attit!des.

<. O'e$"tion"l Pl"n(. These are plans for the operations of special divisions like thepatrol, detective, traffic, vice and 9!venile control divisions. 3perational plans shall beprepared to accomplish each of the primary police tasks

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The$e "$e )o#$ t%'e( o) o'e$"tion"l 'l"n; :. 5tanding Plans 453P7 453P7 provide the basic framework for responding to

organi*ational problems. The organi*ational vision and val!es, strategic statement,policies, proced!res, and r!les and reg!lations are e+amples of standing plans.5tanding plans also incl!de g!idelines for responding to different types of incidents for e+amples, a civil dist!rbance, hostage sit!ation, crime in progress, and felony car stops.

. !nctional Plans incl!de the framework for the operation of the ma9or f!nctional !nits inthe organi*ation, s!ch as patrol and investigations. )t also incl!des the design of the

str!ct!re, how different f!nctions and !nits are to relate and coordinate activities, andhow reso!rces are to be allocated.

/. 3perational"efficiency, effectiveness, and prod!ctivity plans are essentially themeas!res or comparisons to be !sed to assess police activities and behavior 4o!tp!ts7and res!lts 4o!tcomes7. )f one of the goals of the police department is to red!ce thecrime rate, any change that occ!rs can be compared to past crime rates in the samecomm!nity or crime in other comm!nities, a state, or the nation. )f the crime rate wasred!ced while holding or red!cing costs, that wo!ld reflect an improvement not only ineffectiveness b!t also in departmental prod!ctivity.

=. Time"specific Plans are concerned with a specific p!rpose and concl!de when an

ob9ective is accomplished or a problem is solved. 5pecific police programs or pro9ects Js!ch as dr!g crackdown, crime prevention program, or neighborhood clean"!pcampaign are good e+amples of time"specific plans.

T%'e( o) Police Pl"n( *o(e Nolleo+

A. Polic%P$oce#$"l Pl"n are the g!idelines for the action to be taken !nder specificcirc!mstances and detail s!ch matters as how evidence is to sent or transported to thecrime laboratory, the conditions !nder which male officers may search arrested femalesand the limits thereto, and how to stop and approach traffic violators. 5tandardoperating proced!res shall be planned to g!ide members in ro!tine and field operationsand in some special operations in accordance with the following proced!res.

$. Fiel P$oce#$e(. Proced!res intended to be !sed in all sit!ations of allkinds shall be o!tlined as a g!ide to officers and men in the field.Proced!res that relate to reporting, dispatching, raids, arrests, stoppings!spicio!s persons, receiving complaints, to!ring beat, and theinvestigation of crimes and so on are e+amples. The !se of physical forceand cl!bs, restraining devices, firearms, teargas, and the like shall, indealing with gro!ps or individ!als, also be o!tlined.

-. He"4#"$te$( P$oce#$e(. To be incl!ded in these proced!res are thed!ties of the dispatcher, and other personnel concerned which may bereflected in the d!ty man!al. Proced!res that involved coordinated actionon activity of several offices, however, shall be established separately as in

the case of !sing telephone for localIlong distance calls, the radio teletypeand other similar devices.

>. S'eci"l O'e$"tin! P$oce#$e(. /ertain special operations alsonecessitate the preparation of proced!res as g!ides. )ncl!ded are theoperation of the special !nit charged with the searching and preservationof physical evidence at the crime scenes and accidents, the control of licenses, dissemination of information abo!t wanted persons, inspection of the P8P headB!arters, and the like.

,. Contin!enc% Pl"n

T-o M"7o$ t%'e( o) Contin!enc% Pl"n(

$. T"ctic"l Pl"n( " which are plans for ma9or events s!ch as crowd control at athleticevents and 2)P escorts. Tactical plans are form!lated based on what is e+pected to takeplace. : rec!rrent event is one that is e+pected to happen again however, the time andplace of the event may not be known. Tactical plans are made for m!ndane events4parades, political rallies7 as well as for nat!ral disasters.

-. Ee$!enc% 'l"n( J which are plans for general sit!ations with the specifics to beinserted when the emergency occ!rs. (hen done in con9!nction with other agencies,this type of planning is often termed planning for emergency mobili*ations. Emergenciescome and go, and no one can predict when they will strike. Emergency planning hasbeen considered by some police managers as a type of tactical plan for !n!s!al

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occ!rrences and crisis sit!ations. Emergency mobili*ations incl!de the police reactionto nat!ral disasters, riots, civilian disorders, terrorism, etc.

C. O'e$"tion"l 'l"n(.These are plans for the operations of special divisions like the patrol, detective, traffic,

vice and 9!venile control divisions. 3perational plans shall be prepared to accomplish each of

the primary police tasks. or e+ample, patrol activities m!st be planned, the force m!st bedistrib!ted among shifts and territorially among beats, in proportion to the needs of the service,special details m!st be planned to meet !ne+pected needs, and so on. Likewise in crimeprevention and in traffic, 9!venile and vice control, campaigns m!st be planned and assignmentsmade to ass!re the accomplishment of the police p!rpose in meeting both average and irreg!lar needs. Each line division or !nit has a primary responsibility to plan operations in its field andalso to e+ec!te the plans, either by its own personnel or, as a staff agency, by !tili*ing membersof other divisions.

The most common operational plans are sched!les of people, things, and processes.or e+ample, a work sched!le or d!ty roster lists the vario!s 9obs that are to be performed or the work that is to be done at different times and shows which personnel are assigned to each

9ob or work period. The desired o!tcome, of co!rse, is that all the work is to be completed.

5imilarly, a sched!le for the processing of the agency1s payroll is an operational plan.2ario!s s!pervisors and managers m!st report to the acco!nting office the n!mber of ho!rseach employee has worked the personnel office m!st report the correct salary rate for eachemployee the salaries, ded!ctions for benefits and ta+es, compensation for overtime, and soforth m!st be calc!lated and, finally, the checks m!st be prepared and distrib!ted. (itho!t asched!le, there is no ass!rance that everyone wo!ld be paid on time.

Pl"n( )o$ o'e$"tion( o) ('eci"l i6i(ion con(i(t o) t-o t%'e(: n"el%; *1+ tho(e e(i!neto eet e6e$%"%: %e"$2$o#n nee(: -hich "$e the $e!#l"$ o'e$"tin! '$o!$" o) thei6i(ion( "n */+ tho(e e(i!ne to eet #n#(#"l nee(: the $e(#lt o) inte$ittent "n

#(#"ll% #ne>'ecte 6"$i"tion( in "cti6itie( th"t e"n thei$ "ttention.

4$7 Re!#l"$ O'e$"tin! P$o!$". The 3perating divisionsI!nits shall have specific plans tomeet c!rrent needs. The manpower shall be distrib!ted thro!gho!t the ho!rs of operation and thro!gho!t the area of 9!risdiction in proportion to need. :ssignmentIsched!les shall be prepared that integrate s!ch factors as relief days, l!nch periods andho!rs, nat!re and location of reg!lar work.

4-7 Meetin! Un#(#"l Nee(. The !n!s!al need may arise in any field of police activity andis nearly always met in the detective, vice, and 9!venile divisions by temporaryread9!stment of reg!lar assignments. or e+ample, a s!dden !ps!rge of robberies mayres!lt in caseload beyond the capacity of the detective assigned. 5ome of these cases

may be assigned to other detective with less workload. (hen the need is precisely metby a previo!sly developed tactical plan, the planning will consist of nothing more thanassigning officers and men to implement it.

PART OF A POLICE OPERATIONAL PLAN$. 5ec!rity classification-. 8!mber of copies and pages>. 8ame of @eadB!arters0. Plan title or name<. ;eference J the so!rce of a!thority in form!lating a plan based onF

a7 3rgani*ational Policy or G!idelinesb7 3rders of 5!perior 3fficers or :!thorities

c7 =oc!ments, maps, book, etcC. 5it!ation J general sit!ation and specific sit!ation%. #ission'. Task allocation&. /oordinating )nstr!ctions J refers to the manner of giving alarm or signal when

enco!ntering s!ch problems, which need immediate action.$. /ommand J refers to the relationship between operating personnel or !nits with that of

Police @eadB!arters whom to s!mmon for assistance.$$. 5ignal J defines comm!nication network, which is to be !sed d!ring a partic!lar

operation like !sing passwords.$-. 5ignat!re

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$>. =istrib!tion J refers to what !nit will be given copies of the plan. : J all !nits J selected !nits/ J very selected= J only

D. E>t$"2O))ice o$ E>t$"2De'"$tent"l Pl"nThe active interest and participation of individ!al citi*en is so vital to the s!ccess of the

police programs that the police shall contin!o!sly seek to motivate, promote, and maintain an

active p!blic concern in its affairs. Plan shall be made to organi*e the comm!nity to assist inthe accomplishment of ob9ectives in the fields of traffic control, organi*ed crime, and 9!veniledelinB!ency prevention. The organi*ations may be called safety co!ncils for crime commissionand comm!nity co!ncils for delinB!ency prevention. They shall assist in coordinatingcomm!nity effort, in promoting p!blic s!pport, and in combating crime. 3rgani*ation andoperating plans for civil defense shall also be prepared or !se in case of emerging or war incoordination with the office of the civil defense.

E. M"n"!eent Pl"n :dministrative or #anagement plans incl!de form!lation of the department1s mission

statement, goals, and policies the str!ct!ring of f!nctions, a!thority, and responsibilities the

allocation of reso!rces, personnel management and other concerns whose character is thatthey are prevalent thro!gho!t the entire agency. Plans of management shall map o!t inadvance all operations involved in the organi*ation management of personnel and material andin proc!rement and disb!rsement of money, s!ch as the followingF

4$7 ,#!et Pl"nnin!. Present and f!t!re money needs for personnel, eB!ipment,and capital investments m!st be estimated, and plans for s!pporting b!dgetreB!ests m!st be made if needed appropriations are to be obtained.

4-7 Acco#ntin! P$oce#$e(. :cco!nting proced!res shall be established ande+pendit!re reports shall also be provided to assist in making administrativedecisions and in holding e+pendit!res within the appropriations.

4>7 S'eci)ic"tion( "n P#$ch"(in! P$oce#$e(. 5pecifications shall be drawn for

eB!ipment and s!pplies, and p!rchasing proced!res shall likewise beestablished to ins!re the checking of deliveries against specification of orders.Plans and specifications shall be drafted for new b!ildings and for remodeling oldones.

407 Pe$(onnel. Proced!res shall be established to ass!re the carrying o!t of personnel program and the allocation of personnel among the componentorgani*ational !nits in proportion to need.

4<7 O$!"ni9"tion. : basic organi*ation plan of the commandI!nit shall be made andposted for the g!idance of the force. or the organi*ation to be meaningf!l, itshall be accompanied by a d!ty man!al, which shall define relationships betweenthe component !nits in terms of specific responsibilities. The d!ty man!al shallincorporate r!les and reg!lations and shall contain the followingF definition of

terms, organi*ation of rank, general d!ties of the vario!s !nits, and the like,provided the same shall not be in conflict with this man!al.

F. PROGRAMMATIC PLANS The most important plans for any organi*ation, incl!ding a police agency, are those that

specify a co!rse of action that if s!ccessf!lly accomplished, will contrib!te in an important wayto carrying o!t the organi*ation1s basic p!rpose or f!nction. These plans represent the agency1sprogram for f!lfilling its f!nction. These are cr!cial to the s!ccess of the whole organi*ation.et this is a kind of planning that is often not done at all by police agencies. These plans involvea series of comple+ actions to be !ndertaken by several people over a relatively long period,!s!ally no fewer than si+ months and sometimes as m!ch as two to five years.

The most common type of this plan is the b!dget. )n its simplest form, a b!dget is

merely a statement of the financial reso!rces one e+pects to have over a given period and howthose reso!rces are to be !sed. 2irt!ally all police agencies are reB!ired to prepare a b!dgeton an ann!al basis to obtain operating f!nds from the parent government.

Programmatic plans can take one of two formsF the pro9ect and the program.

: pro9ect involves the introd!ction of a single, specific in an organi*ation over a limitedperiod. 3nce the change has been introd!ced and the pro9ects ends, a new sit!ation may e+istthat will contin!e immediately thereafter. : pro9ect also can be !sed to e+periment with a newidea, techniB!e, or type of eB!ipment. :t the end of a predetermined period, the pro9ect iseval!ated and a decision is made to discontin!e the innovation, to install it permanently, or to

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contin!e the testing period, perhaps with some modification. or e+ample, a police departmentmight decide to e+periment with the !se of two"wheel motorcycle for traffic patrol. )nitiallyperhaps only few motorcycles wo!ld be p!rchased and assigned to one section of the city. :fter si+ months or a year, the e+periment wo!ld be eval!ated. Either more motorcycles wo!ld bebo!ght and assigned thro!gho!t the city, or the motorcycles wo!ld be assigned to another partof town for f!rther testing. : pro9ect can be !sed when the need for a partic!lar kind of activity islikely to be temporary. : police department might cond!ct an anti"shoplifting campaign 9!stbefore /hristmas shopping season, for instance. inally, a pro9ect can be !sed when there isan ongoing need for a certain kind of activity, b!t the agency does not have adeB!ate reso!rces

to carry it o!t contin!o!sly. or e+ample, a police department might cond!ct a short"termcampaign to ed!cate the p!blic abo!t b!rglary prevention, the dangers of driving whileinto+icated, or any n!mber of other matters. ew agencies co!ld afford to devote officers f!lltime on a permanent basis to s!ch pro9ects, b!t personnel may be able to spend a few weekson each campaign.

: program is also a type of programmatic plan that is designed to meet a specific needthro!gh a specific co!rse of action, with the desired res!lts stated in advance, and a programsho!ld be designed for a specific period.

The difference between a pro9ect and a program is that the latter is intended from thebeginning to be permanent part of the organi*ation. /hanges may be introd!ced from time totime, b!t ordinarily a program contin!es from year to year !ntil the need for it no longer e+ists.

!rthermore, a program is designed to f!lfill one of the basic, permanent f!nctions of theagency. /onversely, each of the agency1s basic f!nctions or p!rposes sho!ld be represented apartic!lar program. Each program sho!ld be designed to bring abo!t desired changes that willenable the agency to f!lfill its p!rposes more completely and effectively in the f!t!re,considering reasonable e+pectations of f!t!re reso!rces and the kind of activities that will befeasible. : program can be composed of a single set of actions that are carried o!tcontin!o!sly, or it can be made !p of a series of separate pro9ects. or e+ample, adepartment1s crime prevention program might consist of the patrol b!rea!1s ro!tine patrolactivity, or this activity co!ld be s!pplemented with a series of short"term pro9ects each aimed atred!cing the incidence of a partic!lar type of crime.

1.<.< FORMULATION OF POLICE PLANSTEPS IN PLANNING * o(e Nolleo+

a. F$"e o) Re)e$ence. This shall be based on an caref!l view of the matters relating tothe sit!ation for which plans are being developed. 3pinions or ideas of persons whomay speak with a!thority on the s!b9ect and views of the police commander, other government officials, and other professionals shall be considered.

b. Cl"$i)%in! the '$o8le. This calls for identification of the problem, !nderstanding bothits record and its possible sol!tion. : sit!ation m!st e+ist for which something m!st andcan be done. or e+ample, an area in a city or m!nicipality is victimi*ed by a series of robbers. There is a need for reaching the preliminary decision that robberies may bered!ced in the area, and that the pattern of operation, in general, is one by which the

police can red!ce them.c. Collectin! "ll Pe$tinent F"ct(. 8o attempt shall be made to develop a plan !ntil all

facts relating to it have been gathered. )n the series of robberies, all cases on files shallbe caref!lly reviewed to determine the mod!s operandi, s!spects, types of victims, ands!ch other information as may be necessary. acts relating to s!ch matters asavailability, deployment, and the !se of present personnel shall be gathered.

d. An"l%9in! the F"ct(. :fter all data have been gathered, a caref!l analysis andeval!ation shall be made. This provides the basis from which a planIs evolved. 3nlys!ch facts as may have relevance shall be considered.

e. De6elo'in! Alte$n"ti6e Pl"n(. )n the initial phases of plan development, severalalternative meas!res shall appear to be logically comparable to the needs of a sit!ation.

:s the alternative sol!tions are eval!ated, one of the proposed plans shall !s!ally prove

more logical than the others.f. Selectin! the Mo(t A''$o'$i"te Alte$n"ti6e(. : caref!l consideration of all facts

!s!ally leads to the selection of a “best” of alternative proposals.g. JSellin!K the Pl"n. : plan, to be effectively carried o!t, m!st be accepted by persons

concerned at the appropriate level of the plan1s development. or e+ample, in a robberycase, the patrol division head may be preparing the plan. :t the o!tset, the detectivechief is concerned and shall be cons!lted. :s the planning develops there may be aneed to involve the heads of personnel, records and comm!nication !nits, and all patrolofficers.

h. A$$"n!in! )o$ the E>ec#tion o) the Pl"n. The e+ec!tion of a plan reB!ires theiss!ance of orders and directives to !nits and personnel concern, the establishment of a

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sched!le, and the provision of manpower and eB!ipment for carrying o!t the plan.riefings shall be held and ass!rance shall be received that all involved personnel!nderstood when, how, and what it is to be done.

i. E6"l#"tin! the E))ecti6ene(( o) the Pl"n. The res!lts of the plan shall be determined.This is necessary in order to know whether a correct alternative was chosen, whichphase was poorly implemented, and whether additional planning may be necessary.

:lso, the effects of the e+ec!ted plan on other operations and on total police operationsshall be determined. ollow"!p is the control factor essential for effective command

management.

PLANNING APPROACHES : variety of approaches are employed in the planning processes. Each is !niB!e and

can be !nderstood as a method of operationali*ing the word planning. There are basically fivema9or approaches to planning.

$. S0NOPTIC PLANNING. 5ynoptic planning or the rational comprehensive approach isthe dominant tradition in planning. )t is also the point of depart!re for most other planning approaches, which, in general are either modifications of synoptic planning or reactions against it.

This model is especially appropriate for police agencies as it is based on a problem"oriented approach to planning. )t relies heavily on the problem identification and analysis phaseof the planning process and can assist police administrators in form!lating goals and priorities interms that are foc!sed on specific problems and sol!tions that often confront law enforcement.

-. INCREMENTAL PLANNING J )ncremental planning levels a series of criticisms atsynoptic planning, incl!ding its tendency toward centrali*ation, its fail!re to appreciatethe cognitive limits of police e+ec!tives, and !nrealistic claims of rationality.)nstr!mentalism concl!des that long range and comprehensive planning are not only toodiffic!lt, b!t inherently bad. The problems are seen as too diffic!lt when they aregro!ped together and easier to solve when they are taken one at a time and broken

down into grad!al ad9!stments over time. The incremental approach disfavors thee+cl!sive !se of planners who have no direct interest in the problems at hand and favor a sort of decentrali*ed political bargaining that involves interested parties. Theincrement lists feel that the real needs of people can best be met this way and the“tyranny of grand design” avoided.

>. TRANSACTIVE PLANNING J Transitive planning is not carried o!t with respect to ananonymo!s target comm!nity of “beneficiaries” b!t in face"to"face interaction with thepeople who are to be affected by the plan. TechniB!es incl!de field s!rveys andinterpersonal dialog!e marked by a process of m!t!al learning. or e+ample, inplanning a crime"prevention program in a partic!lar neighborhood, the police might go tocertain randomly selected ho!ses to talk to residents abo!t !nreported crime, their

concerns and fears, and the rise in residential b!rglary rates. The residents receivecrime prevention techniB!es and a more sec!re feeling knowing that the police areconcerned abo!t their neighborhood. The police department also receives benefitsintelligence information is gathered abo!t strange persons or cars in the area, a moreaware citi*enry is likely to detect and report crimes, and a more s!pportive p!blicattit!de concerning the police is developed.

0. ADVOCAC0 PLANNING J :dvocacy planning grew !p in the $&C1s in the adversaryproced!res modeled by the legal profession. This approach is !s!ally associated withdefending the interests of the weakHthe poor and politically impotent, for e+ampleHagainst the strong. The beneficial aspect of this approach incl!des greater sensitivity tothe !nintended and negative side effects of plan.

<. RADICAL PLANNING " ;adical planning has an ambig!o!s tradition with twomainstreams that sometimes flow together. The first mainstream involves collectiveactions to achieve concrete res!lts in the immediate f!t!re. The second mainstream iscritical of large"scale social processes and how they permeate the character of socialand economic life at all levels, which in t!rn, determine the str!ct!re and evol!tion of social problems.

1.<. PLANNING FOR UNUSUAL NEEDS

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1.<..1 PLANNING FOR CROWD DISPERSAL. 45o!rceF Police 3perational Proced!res I;!lesof EngagementI for members of the P8P7

R#le 3. ,"(ic $e4#i$eent( o) 'olice inte$6ention o'e$"tion(. Generally, all policeintervention operations 4arrest, raid, search and sei*!re, checkpoint, etc7 shall be cond!ctedF

a7 awith a marked police vehicle

b7 preferably led by a /ommissioned 3fficer, andc7 with personnel in proper police !niform.

R#le <. W"$nin! 8% #(e o) e!"'hone(. =!ring act!al police intervention operations, if feasible, the team leader shall !se all peacef!l means, incl!ding the !se of megaphone or anyother similar means, to infl!enceIwarn the offendersIs!spect to stop andIor peacef!lly give !p.

R#le . W"$nin! (hot(. The police shall not !se warning shots d!ring any police intervention.

R#le B. U(e o) e"l% )o$ce. E+cessive !se of force shall be avoided. The !se of firearm is 9!stifiable by the virt!e of the =octrine of self"defense, =efense of relative, and =efense of stranger, and if the police have probable ca!se to believe that the s!spect poses an imminent

danger of death or serio!s physical in9!ry to the police or other persons.

R#le . Re"(on"8le )o$ce. =!ring an armed confrontation, the police may !se reasonableforce to overcome the threat posed by the s!spect. @owever, the 3fficer"in"charge of theoperation shall at all times e+ercise control over his men in the area, and shall ens!re that noinnocent civilian is ca!ght in the crossfire.

R#le . Mo6in! 6ehicle(. #oving vehicles may not be fired !pon solely to disable them driver or other occ!pant of moving motor vehicles may be fired !pon if the police has probable ca!seto believe that the s!spects pose an imminent danger of death to the police or other persons,and that the !se of firearm does not create a danger to the p!blic that o!tweighs the likelybenefits of its !se.

R#le @. Thin!( to 8e one ")te$ "n "$e con)$ont"tion. )mmediately after an armedconfrontation, the 3fficer"in"charge shallF

a7 sec!re the site of confrontationb7 check whether the sit!ation still poses imminent danger c7 evac!ate the wo!nded to the nearest hospital, andd7 acco!nt for the killed, wo!nded, and arrested persons for proper disposition.

R#le 1. #$i(iction in6e(ti!"tion 8% the te$$ito$i"l #nit conce$ne. The Police ?nit,which has territorial 9!risdiction of area of the armed confrontation, together with the 53/3team, if any, shall immediately !ndertake the necessary investigation and processing of thescene of the enco!nter. )n cases where there is a slain s!spect, it shall s!bmit the incident for

inB!est before the d!ty inB!est prosec!tor prior to the removal of the body from the scene,e+cept in areas where there are no inB!est Prosec!tors, in which case, the police can proceedwith the investigation.

1.<../ RIOT AND MO, CONTROL DEFINTION OF TERMSF 4Law enforcement administration by =eli*o7

C$o-2 consist of a body of individ!al people with no organi*ation, no single partnership. Eachindivid!al1s behavior is fairly controlled and r!led by reason. :ll the participants have beenthrown by circ!mstance into a crowd for some common p!rpose that may give them at least onething in common.

Mo8 J a mob takes on the semblance of organi*ation with some common motive for action,s!ch as vengeance for a crime committed on the scene where the crowd assembled, anaggravated fight, or a confrontation with the police. :t times like this, there is already a strongfeeling of togetherness 4“we are one” attit!de7.

Riot J in general is an offense against the p!blic peace. )t is interpreted as a t!m!lt!o!sdist!rbance by several people who have !nlawf!lly assembled to assist one another, by the !seof force if necessary, against anyone opposing them in the e+ec!tion of some enterprise of aprivate nat!re and who e+ec!te s!ch enterprise in a violent manner, to the terror of the people.3nce a mob started to become violent, it becomes a riot.

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Wh"t "$e the 'olice '#$'o(e "n o87ecti6e( in "nti2$iot2o'e$"tion(a. Cont"inent J !nlawf!lly assembly and riot are as contagio!s as a plag!e !nless they

are B!arantined from the !naffected areas of the comm!nity. )n here, all persons whoare at the scene sho!ld be advised to leave the area, thereby red!cing the n!mber of potential anti"police combatants.

b. Di('e$("l" the crowd of !nlawf!l assembly or riot sho!ld be dispersed at once. )t mayappear at first to be a legal assembly b!t the nat!re of the assembly at the time of thearrival of the police may clearly disting!ish it as being !nlawf!l. 3nce it is determined,the responsibility of the police to command the people to disperse. /rowd controlformations may be done if necessary to e+pedite their movements.

c. P$e6ention o) Ent$% J the police officers have to protect the area once the people havebeen moved o!t or dissipated into smaller gro!ps to prevent them from ret!rning.Enforce B!arantine by not allowing the gro!p to res!me their actions.

d. A$$e(t 6iol"to$( J one of the first acts of the police !pon arrival at the scene of thedist!rbance is to locate and isolate individ!als who are inciting the crowd to violate or

fragrantly violating the law. Prevent any attempt by the crowd or mob to resc!e thosearrested by enforcing total B!arantine.

e7 E(t"8li(h '$io$itie( J depending !pon the circ!mstance, it is always necessary toestablish priorities. :ssessing the sit!ation to determine the nat!re of assistance andn!mber of men needed is part of the planning process.

Wh"t "$e the 8"(ic '$oce#$e( in "nti2$iot o'e$"tion(1+ A((e(( the (it#"tion

a7 =etermine whether the original p!rpose of the gathering was lawf!l or not.b7 =etermine also the lawf!lness at the time of arrival at the scene.c7 :ssess their attit!de, emotional state, and their general condition.

d7 =etermine any state of into+ication and other conditions that may lead toviolence.

e7 )dentify the ca!se of the problemf7 Locate and identify leaders or agitators

/+ S#$6e% the (cenea. =etermine as soon as possible the best position of the command postb. Locate the best vintage point for observationsc. /onsider geographical factors s!ch as nat!ral barriers, b!ildings, and weather

condition.d. 8ote the best method of approach

3+ Co#nic"tiona. ;eport on yo!r assessment, keeping yo!r assessment brief b!t concise, giving yo!r

s!perior the s!fficient data with which to proceed for plans of actionb. b7 :sk for assistance or help from the command post hence remain close to the radio

as possible !ntil additional !nits arrived or to comm!nicate new developments.

<+ M"int"in " -"tch)#l -"itin!a. 3bserve the action and make yo!r presence known to the people in the vicinityb. )f the crowd is too m!ch to handle, stay near the command post and wait for

additional s!pport !nitsc. ?se radio or other means of comm!nication to call for assistance.d. #ake preparations for decisive police action.

+ Concent$"te on $e(c#e "n (el)2e)en(ea. Take care of the immediate needs of the sit!ation !ntil help arrivesb. irst aid to in9!red people and self protection m!st be considered.c. ;emember the primary ob9ectives of protecting lives, property and the

restoration of order.

B+ M"int"in "n o'en line o) co#nic"tiona. Aeep the dispatcher advised on the progress of the scene.b. b7 /ontin!e directing the s!pport !nits to the scene in the general perimeter

control

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+ E(t"8li(h " co"n 'o(ta. ollow what is in yo!r contingency plan for civil dist!rbanceb. b7 #ake every officer aware of the command post for proper coordination

+ T"=e iei"te "ction )o$ (e$io#( 6iol"tion(a. :rrest perpetrators

b. )solate the leaders or agitators from the crowdc. 5how f!ll police strength

@+ Gi6e the i('e$("l o$e$ a. =isperse the crowd !pon order b. :nti"riot formations and proced!res m!st be !sedc. ?se of force necessary for dispersal maybe considered

Gene$"l G#ieline( in h"nlin! $iot$7 Preplanning m!st be high on the agenda whenever the department anticipates any

disorder or ma9or dist!rbance.-7 #eet with responsible leaders at the scene and e+press yo!r concern for ass!ming them

their constit!tional g!arantees. ;eB!est them to disperse the crowd before attemptingto take police action.

>7 #aintain order and attempt to B!ell the dist!rbance witho!t attempting to p!nish any of the violators.

07 ?se only the force that is necessary b!t take positive and decisive action.<7 Post the B!arantine area with signs and barricades, if necessary.C7 Aeep the traffic lane open for emergency and s!pport vehicle.%7 /onsider the fact that most impressive police action at the scene of any type of ma9or

dist!rbance is the e+peditio!s removal of the leaders by a discipline sB!ad of officers.'7 or riot control consider the followingF

a. 5!rprise offensive J the police action in its initial stages at a riot m!st bedramatic. The elements of s!rprise may enhance effectiveness of riot control.

b. 5ec!rity of information J plans for action and comm!nications regarding themovement of personnel and eB!ipment sho!ld be kept confidential.

c. #a+im!m !tili*ation of force J a show of police force sho!ld be made in awell"organi*ed manner, compact, and efficient in military"type sB!adformations.

d. le+ibility of assignments J officers and teams sho!ld be fle+ibly assigned tovario!s places where the need is greatest.

e. 5implicity J keep the plan as simple as possible and the instr!ction are directto avoid mass conf!sions among the officers.

Ci6il Di(t#$8"nce( C$o- Cont$ol "n M"7o$ Di(t#$8"nce(

or many police officers crowd"control sit!ations may present the most frighteningconditions they will face in a career. These incidents may res!lt from large demonstrations4p!blic rallies, civil rights protests, antipolice demonstrations, or riots, or simply large parties thatget o!t of hand.

/rowd control sit!ations drive home with startling clarity the fact that the police can bevastly o!tn!mbered, and m!st rely on training and professionalism to co!nter n!mericals!periority. The “mob mentality” that may grip a crowd, as it t!rns rioto!s allow individ!als tohide behind the collective face of the crowd and commit acts they wo!ld not !nder other circ!mstances. The crowd provides a degree of anonymity and realistically may prel!deprosec!tion of most individ!al violators.

:ltho!gh the tactics employed may be similar, regardless of the type of crowd"controlsit!ation, the incidents reB!iring crowd control may be very different. :nno!nced politicaldemonstrations can be anticipated and planned for by department administrators. )t may bepossible to develop intelligence information abo!t the planned activities, or the very nat!re of ademonstration may give some indication of how volatile the gathering will be.

The response to any of the incidents m!st strike a balance between restraint and officer safety. )t is critical that planning occ!r by the agency and by the individ!al officer. )n thoseincidents in which the department has advance notice of the demonstration, this planning will beeasier and may be tailored to the specific sit!ation. Those incidents that arise spontaneo!slym!st be resolved relying on the handling officers1 previo!s training and general patrol skills.

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3fficers confronting large crowds m!st be sensitive to signs of danger. 3fficers sho!ldtry to get a feeling for how dr!nk the crowd may be and what their attit!de is toward the policepresence. )f officers can identify specific members of a crowd who are instigating other to riot,those persons sho!ld be removed. )t is recogni*ed that doing so r!ns risk of generating aconflict, b!t fail!re to do so may ens!re that confrontation.

Two basic officer safety concepts that are of critical importance in handling these ma9or dist!rbance calls are 4$7 ens!ring adeB!ate reso!rces are available to handle the call, and 4-7remembering that officers sho!ld not split !p. oth of these concepts apply eB!ally whether thesit!ation is a large and !nr!ly party, or an organi*ed demonstration.

3fficers sho!ld be familiar with several formations that facilitate handling rowdy or rioto!scrowds. These formations, co!pled with basic officer safety awareness will greatly assist ins!ccessf!l resol!tion. Each formation may be !sed with as few as three officers or many as thecirc!mstances reB!ire.

A LINE formation is the most common one !sed in response to large dist!rbances. Theline may be stationary or mobile. : stationary line of officers may be employed to f!nnel people

o!t of an area to prevent them from entering an area. )t is cr!cial that the officers assignedmaintain a close interval to maintain the integrity. )f officers engage in individ!al action andbreak from the formation, it becomes possible for people to move to the rear of the line anddefeat its p!rpose.

A DIAGONAL formation is a line formation with the officers positioned at a diagonalangle to the target. Like the line formation, it may be stationary or more commonly !sed tomove people in a specific direction. )t is partic!larly designed to remove a stationary crowd froma location. This formation may be very effective in removing a gro!p of demonstrators from infront of a b!ilding or !nder similar circ!mstances.

The WEDGE formation is designed to penetrate and divide a crowd. The formation may

also be !sed to e+tract people identified for arrest or officers in need of assistance. :s with allformations !sed, it is important for officers to maintain a close interval that will prevent anyonefrom getting inside the wedge. :s the wedge passes thro!gh a crowd, officers m!st e+erciseca!tion to prevent anyone entering the wedge from the rear. 5ome officers may be assigned tofill in the rear of the wedge to prevent it from being compromised. )f the wedge is !sed toe+tract someone, the front at the wedge move passed the person being e+tracted, to place himin the interior of the wedge.

3fficers sho!ld ens!re they confront ma9or dist!rbances with the proper eB!ipment. #inimally,all officers sho!ld be eB!ipped with a helmet. This helmet sho!ld be taken into the field eachshift, by every officer. : baton is also necessary and sho!ld be part of the officer1s eB!ipmentfor each shift. Tear gas 4/5 type7 is very effective in controlling ma9or crowds. )t is important to

plan the deployment of the gas very caref!lly, however.

*P"t$ol t"ctic( 8% De'(e% PPSC o#le 1 )o#n"tion (#87ect(+

E>ec#ti6eVIP P$otection " (ith increased incidence of kidnapping, hostage taking, and other violent crimes s!ch as assa!lt, armed robbery, m!rder and even political assassination, thesec!rity of local and foreign dignitaries, designated individ!als or important persons 42)P7 are of e+treme importance.

Problems of personal sec!rity vary with each individ!al case in terms if potential ha*ards andthreats, political and sociological considerations, geography and others, becomes virt!allyimpossible.

E>ec#ti6eVIP Sec#$it% J those meas!res taken by agents, sec!rity officers, law enforcementofficers or an agency or office to protect officials of state, foreign, national or local dignitaries,civilian or military against any personal in9!ry, assassination, sabotage and espionage. Thesemay incl!de the protection of any government or civilian officials and individ!als !tili*ed asgovernment witnesses.

1.<..3 RAID OPERATION,"(ic '$inci'le( o) 'l"nnin! $"i o'e$"tion( *Police O'e$"tion( 8% Ret. Gen. C"el+

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A $"i is a s!dden attack or invasion of a b!ilding or area to effect arrest of persons, tosec!re evidence of illegal activity, and to recover stolen property. ;aids are either planned or spontaneo!sly !ndertaken.

)t is !nderstood that before a raid is cond!cted s!fficient or complete information abo!tthe target has already been obtained and all members of the team are knowledgeable abo!t thetarget. The a!thority to cond!ct the raid is the valid search warrants iss!ed by a competentco!rtI9!dge partic!larly describing the place to raid and the things to be sei*ed. The legalreB!irements of a search warrant m!st be complied. )n cond!cting raid, the following basicconsiderations sho!ld be taken into acco!ntF

a7 S#'e$io$it% o) "n'o-e$ J more than eno!gh personnel than those targeted.D!ality of personnel is part of it

b7 S#'e$io$it% o) )i$e"$( J sophisticated high powered firearms or better than of the enemy or criminals

c7 Mo6eent( "cco$in! to 'l"n J plan made simple, and clear to !nderstand sothat it easily be followed

d7 Cl"$it% "n (i'licit% o) o'e$"tion J definite clear ob9ectives and proced!rese7 5!rprise J s!b9ects !naware, !nprepared and conf!sed daybreak is

recommended tine for raid or as circ!mstances warrantf7 S'ee J trained personnel to carry o!t tasked as planned s!b9ects placed on

defensive

g7 Coo$in"tion J gro!p participation reB!ires overall coordination properlyg!arded aven!es of escapes eliminate possibility of crossfire

h7 Conce"lent J taking advantage of any available cover covers of darkness atdaybreak !s!ally !tili*ed. )n removing armed and dangero!s s!b9ects from ab!ilding, the arresting party sho!ld obtain a position that affords the best cover,and sho!ld remain in that position !ntil all s!b9ects are o!t of the b!ilding and ina location where they can be restricted and searched !nder ma+im!m sec!rity.

Pl"nnin! " $"i. : raid m!st be well"planned known only to those concerned and the missionand sit!ation parameters well considered as followsF

a. Mi((ion J the ob9ective of the raid m!st be well !nderstood by the raiding team.

b. E(ti"tion o) the (it#"tion$7 co!rses of action open-7 analysis of possible co!rses of co!nter action by s!b9ect sho!ld be borne in mind

by raiding team.>7 comparison of the raider1s own co!rses of action.07 decision as to the plan<7 information pertaining to all ha*ards as well as other information e.g. that the

wanted personsare believed to be armed and dangero!s.

&no-in! t"$!et o) the $"i" :ll information concerning the overall sit!ation of area to be

raided, ob9ective, terrain and b!ildings are obtained byF

a. 5!rveillance and !ndercover operationsb. ;econnaissancec. #ap reconnaissance is !sed to collect information regarding the following factorsF

a7 Location of entranceIe+itsb7 Location of fire escapesc7 Location of comm!nication facilitiesd7 Transportation available to s!b9ectse7 est aven!es of approachIescape.f7 )dentity, n!mber and habits of occ!pants of the place to be raided as well

as occ!pants of neighboring ho!ses

g7 #echanical warning systems, looko!ts, or animals which might raise analarm

h7 arriers and other sec!rity devicesd. Police intelligence operations and report data

Co'o(ition o) the $"iin! '"$t% :. Selection o) $"iin! 'e$(onnel J members selected m!st be intelligent to meet any

sit!ation that may arise. They m!st have good 9!dgment, and m!st obey ordersimplicitly. :ll m!st be proficient in the !se of firearms, trained in commando tactics andmartial arts.

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. Di6i(ion into te"($. ;aid /ommander or ;aid"in"charge J has overall responsibility-. :ssistant ;aid /ommander or :ssistant ;aid"in"charge>. ;ecorder J evidence c!stodian, prepares a written acco!nt of the raid prepare

receipts and inventories for any evidences taken.0. Photographer J takes photographs, 4sketcher7

/. R"i te" $. Entering team J enters b!ilding or raid target area

-. /overing team J s!rro!nds b!ilding or area blocking escape ro!tes providecover and firepower for entering party identifies persons attempting to enter or leave the area.

>. Prisoner g!ard J takes charge of prisoners arrested.

=. Tie J time to raid depends !pon the habits and operations of s!b9ects. ?nder normalconditions, raid is cond!cted at dawn.

E. Si!n"l( to 8e #(e J the raid commander m!st maintain closest possible contact withall members of the raiding party thro!gho!t the raid. Each raider sho!ld know thesignals !sed to indicateF

$. eginning of raid

-. /ompletion of raid>. 3pening of fire0. /essation of fire<. :dvance or withdrawal

. T$"n('o$t"tion to 8e #(e J eno!gh vehicles m!st be available to transport allmembers of raiding party and their eB!ipment to the scene of the raid and toaccommodate prisoners and evidences on the ret!rn trip.

G. We"'on( to 8e #(e J the n!mber and type of weapons incl!ding amm!nitions aredetermined by the ;aid /ommander. #a+im!m fire coverage witho!t danger of crossfire m!st be ins!red. riefing of participants abo!t the raid m!st be specific

regarding distrib!tion, !se of weapons, riot g!ns, s!bmachine g!ns, gas grenades,rifles, and sidearms.

@. Alte$n"te Pl"ne J this m!st be prepared and ready to meet possible changes in the

sit!ation and p!t into effect immediately once original plan fails.

O$ient"tion o) R"iin! P"$t%. The ;aid /ommander makes assignments and e+plains the mission at a planning

conference andIor ro!nd table disc!ssions, which is held before the raid with all members of theraiding party present. The ;aid /ommander prepares a map or sketch of the place to be raidedand indicates the position, specific d!ties, and movements of each raider d!ring the raid.

The members of the raiding party m!st be informed of the ob9ectives of the raid, thearrest to be made, the evidences to be so!ght and the ha*ards or risks that are e+pected.

The raiding party sho!ld be limited in n!mber necessary to e+ec!te the raid properly./omplete coordination of effort is essential to the s!ccess of a raid. The ;aid /ommander controls the positions and movements of all raiding members thro!gho!t the raid.

O$ient"tion "n $ehe"$("l( 8e)o$e the $"i (ho#l incl#e =no-le!e on the )ollo-in!;1. General area target of the raid-. Terrain of area to be raided>. !ildings 4interior and e+terior70. Entrances and e+its, incl!ding windows, fire escapes

<. :reas where people congregateC. Points of cover and concealment%. Lighting or ill!mination'. :ven!es of approach&. /omm!nications$. Location of the vario!s elements of the raiding party$$. ;oadblocks and other barriers$-. :ven!es and means of escape$>. Location of warning devices or animals that might warn of approach$0. ield of fire and the mobility of people$<. /o!nter intelligence assessment

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E>ec#tin! " $"iThe final phase of a raid consists of

$. The "''$o"ch J this done as silently as possible if rende*vo!s point is close to the areato be raided. 2ehicles are left some distance away !nder g!ard if raid is to be performedat night. The personnel engaged in the raid sho!ld be e+amined for articles which glowin the dark. : signal is given as soon as each raider occ!pies his assigned position.

(hen necessary, roadblocks are established to obstr!ct or control movements of vehicles or pedestrians in the area raided. : cordon may be posted to preventpersonnel, s!spects or witnesses from escaping, or to prevent non"participants fromentering the area.

-. The chec= "t the $ene96o#( J members of raiding party may comm!nicate by voiceor signal between s!spects and raiding party, they may !se telephone or a p!blicaddress system.

>. The o'e$"tion J when a s!spectIs, !pon instr!ction on how to s!rrender, comply andleave the b!ilding or area, they sho!ld not be allowed to re"enter they sho!ld berestrained immediately and s!b9ected to a thoro!gh search.

)f s!spects, !pon instr!ction, ref!se to s!rrender, the b!ilding or area will be entered thosedesignated to enter will take advantage of all cover afforded by walls, hedges, and b!ilding !ntilthey reach the door of the b!ilding ho!sing the s!spect. They open the door with a hand p!shto ins!re there is no one hiding behind it, always remain !nder the protection of the wall besidethe door.

(hen the ;aid /ommander signals the completion of the raid, all members of theraiding party, assemble at the designated place and are acco!nted for before the party mayleave and when necessary post g!ards at the scene of the raid to observe or to apprehendaccomplices, if any.

1.<..< DISASTER MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTIONEmergencies may be nat!ral or ca!se by people. 8at!ral emergencies incl!de floods,

typhoons, tornados, h!rricanes, fires, tidal waves, landslides, avalanches, volcanic er!ptions,e+treme temperat!res, bli**ards, leaking nat!ral gas and earthB!akes. People"ca!sedemergencies incl!de civil dist!rbances ind!strial and transportation accidents ha*ardo!s"materials spills water contamination radiological and arson incidents e+plosions biological,chemical and n!clear attacks and terrorist attacks. Emergencies may involve individ!als,neighborhoods, comm!nities, co!ntries, or even larger areas.

Di("(te$ " )t is an event, which is an !ne+pected, ca!sed by man or nat!re res!lting to thewidespread death or in9!ry as well as to damage property.

Di("(te$ M"n"!eent " )t is the systematic management of disaster from the initial stage to itstermination !sing vario!s tools to minimi*e lost of lives, damage to property and enhancerehabilitation.

Police Ee$!enc% " )t is a type of tactical sit!ation, which reB!ires a special proced!re andspecial skills in its ne!trali*ation. )t is involve in responding to emergency.

P$e2Di("(te$ Pl"n 2 Every department sho!ld have a caref!lly form!lated, periodically !pdatedemergency plan. (hat is incl!ded on the types of emergencies that can be anticipated for agiven 9!risdiction.

N"t#$e o) Di("(te$

$. =isaster occ!rs in a time, place or freB!ency, which co!ld not be predicted.-. 5tandard 3perating Proced!re or ;eg!lar 3perating Proced!re may not be

s!itable to meet the contingency.>. ?n!s!al events creates irreg!lar short"term act of the ordinary demands for

people service.

Eleent( o) Di("(te$ M"n"!eenta7 )t !ses management as a processb7 )t covers the whole disaster period.c7 )t !tili*es vario!s toolsd7 )t minimi*e lost of lives and property damage.

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Tool( in Di("(te$ M"n"!eenta7 ;isk and v!lnerability analysisb7 #itigationc7 Evac!ationd7 =amage assessment and reportinge7 P!blic information

Wh"t "$e the con(ie$"tion( to 8e incl#e in P$e2i("(te$ 'l"n($. (hat emergencies to prepare forO-. (hat needs to be done in advance 4s!pplies on hand, agreements with other agencies7O>. (hat specific f!nctions m!st be performed d!ring the emergency and who is

responsible for performing them, incl!ding o!tside organi*ation and other agencies thatmight helpO

0. (hat steps need to be taken to restore order after the emergency is neededO<. @ow the response is to be eval!atedO

Ph"(e( o) Di("(te$ M"n"!eent$. Pre"disaster phase that incl!des plan preparation, disaster preparation and dry r!n

e+ercise.-. =isaster phase that incl!des resc!e and relief operations evac!ation and assessment

and reporting.>. Post"disaster phase that involve eval!ation and monitoring s!ch as sit!ation,

government action, relief operation and evac!ation sites.0. ;ehabilitation and reconstr!ction that incl!des the provisions of basic needs and

shelters.

S'eci)ic Police D#tie( in Di("(te$ M"n"!eenta. Light resc!e operationb. :ssistance in evac!ation and relief operationsc. :ssessment, monitoring and reporting

d. P!blic information and ed!cation

Di("(te$ Cont$ol P$oce#$ea. )dentify the nat!re and e+tent of the problemb. :dminister !rgently needed first aid and other resc!e activitiesd7 /omm!nicate yo!r information immediatelye7 Establish a command post

$. :dvanced /ommand Post -. ;eal /ommand Postf7 /ontain the areag7 #aintain open emergency laneh7 Evac!ate s!rvivors and other persons in the area whose lives are in 9eopardyi7 Provide for coordination with other agency

97 Provide p!blic information agenciesk7 :rrange for access into the area by a!thori*e people onlyl7 ;ecord the event

G#ieline( to Ee$!enc% Pl"n(a. :cco!nt for known ha*ards in the emergency planb. Place most emergency responsibility on employees who live in or near the 9!risdiction.c. ?se c!rrent 9ob titles and organi*ational str!ct!res to avoid conf!sion.d. List c!rrent and back !p phone n!mbers for the emergency response team as well as

phone n!mbers for back"!p personnel.e. List act!al tasks rather than f!nctional responsibilities.f. /entrali*e all responsibilities, both at top management and department level, and clearly

specify them as well.g. #ake provisions to temporarily waive certain b!ilding codes and *oning laws so

temporary ho!sing or mobile homes can be !sed on residential sites d!ring anemergency.

h. List available comm!nity reso!rces, incl!ding names and locations of hospitals, socialservice agencies, physicians and eB!ipments.

i. /ond!ct sim!lated disaster e+ercises. 9. Establish a m!t!al"aid agreement with neighboring 9!risdictions.

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Gene$"l Ee$!enc% Pl"n " is a set of proced!res to meet the varying degree of emergencywhile at the same time providing contin!ing police coverage of the areas not affected by theemergency.

Re4#i$eent( in GEP$. Establishment of a command post" is a facility, which is stationary established p!rposely

as a clearingho!se of all information pertaining to a disasterIemergency.-. )ss!ance of a General 3rder.

>. Establishment of seB!ence of command !nder s!pervisory rank.0. Establishment of a method in terminating plan.<. The plan sho!ld a!thori*e any policeman regardless of rank to activate the plan from

any steps depending on the intensity of the need.

S'eci)ic Ee$!enc% Pl"n " a s!btype of plan to meet !n!s!al need, which is similar to GEPb!t basically design for certain specific sit!ation.

E>'ect"tion( o) the citi9en( to the Police De'"$tent in C"(e o) Ee$!enc%Di("(te$.$. :lert citi*ens in advance of a disaster.-. D!ickly and acc!rately assess the magnit!de of an emergency>. Aeep citi*ens properly informed on the sit!ations.

0. #ove citi*ens to the safe place.<. Provide for a rapid restoration of services.C. Give assistance in the form of recovery services.%. #itigate the impact of f!t!re emergencies.'. e able to protect life and property adeB!ately.

The Fo#$ Ph"(e( o) Ee$!enc%$. The -"$nin! 'e$io " ?s!ally as m!ch warning as possible is desirable. )t may,

however, have an adverse effect on some individ!als who may panic and become totallyhelpless. :5 tho!gh the emergency had already occ!rred, their panic may betransmitted to others.

-. The i'"ct 'e$io " People react differently when the emergency is act!ally happening.

>. The iei"te $e"ction ")te$ i'"ct "The period immediately following the disaster isthe most cr!cial from the standpoint of resc!e operations. Effective performance cansave property and lives.

0. The 'e$io o) el"%e $e('on(e. " 3nce the immediate danger is over those whowere f!nctioning effectively may cease to do so, and vice versa.

G#ieline( )o$ e"lin! -ith Ee$!encie(

A. ,e)o$e Ee$!enc%$. e prepared. e proactive. :nticipate the immediate problems and the

personnel likely to be needed to deal with them.-. )dentify the eB!ipment and the reso!rces reB!ired, and make certain they are

either available or immediately accessible.>. Establish and maintain good relationships with the media. They are among the

first on the scene of emergencies and have a 9ob to do.0. Establish a system so that police officers will be able to know that, their own

families are safe d!ring an emergency.

,. D#$in! the Ee$!enc%$. Take time to assess the sit!ation. =o not make the sit!ation worse by acting witho!t

thinking.-. #ake saving lives a top priority. Establish a triage area where s!rviving victims can

be separated according to the severity of their in9!ries. Those with critical medicalneeds sho!ld be tended to immediately and, once stabili*ed, transported to medical

facilities. : morg!e area for those who have died in the crisis sho!ld also beestablished.

>. =o not broadcast a general call for help. /aref!lly b!t B!ickly assess what is neededand call for that.

0. Aeep the channels of comm!nication open and the information flowing as reB!ired tothose who need it.

<. Aeep as many options open as possible. :void “eitherIor” thinking.C. =o not get sidetracked by personal, individ!al reB!ests for help, b!t rather foc!s on

the “big pict!re”, ro!ting individ!al reB!ests to the appropriate so!rce of assistance%. :ccept the fact that the police cannot do everything. The emergency manager m!st

prioriti*e and delegate responsibilities B!ickly. #istakes will probably happen.

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'. )nvolve key personnel as rapidly as possible. =o not let other agencies shirk their responsibilities.

&. Aeep top city officials f!lly informed of progress and problems.$. Ens!re that someone is tending to “normal” b!siness.

C. A)te$ Ee$!enc%1. Get back to normal as soon as possible.-. E+pect that victims of the disaster or emergency may have very emotional

reaction incl!ding post" tra!matic stress disorder. This is also tr!e of the officers

who have dealt with the disaster or emergency.>. :lso e+pect that lawyers will get into it. =oc!ment everything that was done.0. Eval!ate the response after the sit!ation has ret!rn to normal. Look !pon

“mistakes” as the “least effective alternative” as well as the learningopport!nities.

Po(tt$"#"tic (t$e(( i(o$e$ J refers to the development of characteristic symptomsfollowing a psychologically tra!matic event generally o!tside the range of h!man e+perience.

The (%'to( incl#e;a. ;e"e+periencing the event, either while awake or in rec!rrent dreams.b. =etachment and lack of involvement, diminished interest in formerly important activities,

detachment from other people.c. :t least two other of the following symptoms not present before the eventF

• @yper alertness

• 5leep dist!rbance

• G!ilt abo!t s!rviving when others did not

• #emory impairment or tro!ble concentrating

• :voiding activities that remind the person of the event.

S'eci"l Con(ie$"tion in S'eci)ic &in( o) N"t#$"l Di("(te$ " 6!st as general g!idelines canbe specified for emergencies, general g!idelines and considerations can be made in advancefor specific kinds of nat!ral emergencies, red!cing the loss of property and lives.

:. E>'lo(ion( " E+plosions may be accidental or p!rposef!l. :ccidental e+plosions mayres!lt from earthB!akes, nat!ral fires, or nat!ral gas leaks. P!rposef!l e+plosionsincl!de those ca!sed by arsonist and by terrorist. =epartment policies and proced!ressho!ld be developed for dealing with e+plosions of all types.

. Fi$e( " 5!ch departments have trained their officers to assist firefighters in case a needarises. 3ne responsibility of the police is to protect firefighters from harassment. Policeofficers m!st give them protection and also direct attention to controlling spectators andprotecting fire eB!ipment and reg!lating traffic drawn to the fire. Police officers m!stfacilitate the rapid flow of emergency eB!ipment and personnel, as well as protect!nattended firefighting eB!ipment.

/. E"$th4#"=e( " :reas in which earthB!akes are likely to occ!r m!st have pre"established plans to deal with collapsed b!ildings and bridges, downed power lines,fires, e+plosion, in9!ries and deaths. :s in other kinds of emergencies, traffic problems,vandalism and looting m!st also be anticipated

S'eci"l Con(ie$"tion( in S'eci)ic =in( o) M"n2"e Ee$!encie( " /ontingency plansalso m!st be made for man"made emergencies s!ch as ha*ardo!s"materials spills, bombthreats and act!al bombing. )n all s!ch emergencies, saving life is of top priority.

:. H"9"$o#(2M"te$i"l( *HAZMAT+ Incient( " G!idelines for the first responder to an

accident scene involving ha*ardo!s materialsF• ;espond !pwind and !pgrade when possible.

• Aeep yo!r dispatcher informed of anyIall actions yo! take at the scene.

• =o not attempt to cond!ct resc!e for which yo! are not trained or properly eB!ipped.

• =o not endanger yo!rself or others in an attempt to sec!re shipping paper or other

information.

• 5ec!re the scene as soon as possible"deny entrance to any one not directly involved in

this incident.

When the loc"l )i$e e'"$tent "$$i6e(: the% "$e in ch"$!e. 0o# "$e the$e to "((i(t

the.

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@a*ardo!s #aterials :wareness " the ability of the peace officer toF$. ;ecogni*e the involvement of ha*ardo!s materials in law enforcement sit!ations.-. =etermine appropriate isolation and evac!ation distances based on the nat!re and

vol!me of ha*ardo!s materials involved.>. 8otify those agencies and individ!als necessary to manage the incident.

S")et% P$ec"#tion( )o$ the Pe"ce O))ice$( "t H"9"$o#( M"te$i"l( Incient$. Think safety with every breath yo! take.

-. Aeep !pwind and !pgrade of an incident.>. The first priority is to isolate the scene and keep others away.0. =o not to!ch any container.<. Park vehicles heading away from the incident.C. =o not !se flares.%. Treat all ha*ardo!s materials as if they where to+ic or e+plosive.'. :void inhaling any gases, f!mes or smoke.&. :nticipate changes in wind direction.$. Aeep contaminated, ill or in9!red people away from the others.$$. :lways consider the possibility of more than one ha*ard being present.$-. e alert for leaking water, f!el or other fl!ids.$>. 8ever open a closed trailer, van compartment or container if it contains

ha*ardo!s materials or their evidence of leakage.$0. Plastic gloves are not adeB!ate protection against most ha*ardo!s materials.$<. Leather gloves provide no protection from ha*ardo!s materials.$C. ;iot control or chemical agent gas masks do not protect against anything e+cept

tear gas.$%. =o not eat, drink or smoke at any ha*ardo!s materials incident.$'. :lways e+pect something to go wrong.

A. ,"(ic Re('on(e Pl"n in H"9"$o#( M"te$i"l Incient$. ;eport the incident as possible ha*ardo!s materials accident. Give e+act

location, approach ro!te, and reB!est assistance.-. 5tay !pwind and !pgrade.

>. )solate the areas of non"essential personnel.0. :void contact with liB!ids or f!mes.<. Eliminates ignition so!rces.C. ;esc!e the in9!red"only if pr!dent.%. )dentify the materialIs involved and determine conditions.'. )f necessary, initiate evac!ation&. Establish a command post.

. ,o8( "n ,o8 Th$e"t( " :ny b!siness or establishment can be the victim of abomb threat or bombing. :mong the most common targets are airlines, banks,ed!cational instit!tions, government b!ildings, hospitals, and others.

Acco$in! to He((: $ecei6e$( o) 8o8 th$e"t( (ho#l;a. Aeep the caller talking as long as possible.b. Try to learn as m!ch as possible abo!t the bomb, especially when it will go off and

where it is located.c. Try to determine the caller1s se+, age, accent, and speech pattern and whether he or she

is dr!nk or dr!gged.d. Listen for any backgro!nd noises.e. )mmediately notify the appropriate person of the call.

The )ollo-in! "$e '$oce#$e( to 8e )ollo-e -hen " (#('icio#( o87ect o$ 8o8 i(loc"te.

a. =oors and windows in the vicinity of the bomb sho!ld be opened to red!ce shock

b. b7 :ll available fire e+ting!ishers sho!ld be readied and in position to combat any firesca!sed by the e+plosion.

c. )f time allows, highly flammable ob9ects and liB!ids sho!ld be removed from areasimmediately s!rro!nding, or otherwise endangered by the bomb.

d. The bomb sho!ld be s!rro!nded with sandbags or similar shock absorbing ob9ects.e. 2al!able and irreplaceable doc!ments, files, and other paper sho!ld be taken from the

endangered area.

E6"c#"tion J to leave a place where danger or risk is e+pected to occ!r or abo!t to happen.

T%'e( o) E6"c#"tion

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$. Pre"impact evac!ation " warning given to the people before the disaster occ!r.-. Post"impact evac!ation J no warning is given, evac!ations takes place 9!st after the

impact.

Ph"(e( o) E6"c#"tiona. warningb. order to move

c. movementd. shelter e. ret!rn

Eleent( in E6"c#"tion Pl"n$7 Legal :!thority C. 5ite areas-7 ;isk %. :dministration reB!irements>7 (arning '. /ontrol07 ;o!tes &. /omm!nication<7 3!tline plan for ret!rn

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