Point of Attack-2 HPS Simulations

USER MANUAL

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www.hpssims.com

If you have questions, or are having problems, please email the HPS Simulations Technical Support Department: support@hpssims.com. If you have a saved game file that exhibits the problem, please keep it handy as we may request that you send it to us to help recreate and identify the issue.

Point of Attack-2 was developed in partnership with the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Government users with questions regarding the development process or objectives should contact AFOSR directly: http://www.afosr.af.mil/. The point of contact is Dr. Robert Barker.

The complete Point of Attack-2 software package and documentation are (C) Copyright 2003-2007 by HPS Simulations. All rights reserved.

HPS Simulations and the HPS logo are trademarks of HPS Simulations. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

No Nonsense License Agreement:

By installing the software, you are agreeing to these license terms.

You have a personal, non-commercial license that allows you to install the software on any computer you own, or on another computer as long as you are an active participant in ALL games being played using the software installed on that machine. In cases where the software is installed temporarily on a computer you do not own, it must be completely removed from the computer at the conclusion of any active games being played.

If the software is installed on a network, at least one bona-fide owner of the software must be an active participant in all games being played.

Players may create and freely distribute maps and scenarios they create for the main program. However, these modules may not be sold, or made available for sale in any manner without the written consent of HPS Simulations.

This license is solely for non-commercial purposes. Any commercial use of this software whatsoever requires the express written consent of HPS Simulations.

Any reports, analysis, or papers generated through any use of the program must include a reference for Point of Attack. The official citation should read: Point of Attack-2 by HPS Simulations, in association with the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

DISCLAIMER: The Energy/Advanced Weapon information contained herein was gathered by the game author through personal research in open-literature/internet sources. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research neither confirms nor denies any particulars of that information.

Primary Credits: Design and Programming: Scott Hamilton, Jeff Lapkoff Databases: John Kincaid, Wendy Kincaid, Nick Bell, Greg Smith, Joseph Miranda Terrain Analysis/Development: Nick Bell Artwork/Graphics: Nick Bell, Joe Amoral, and Jeff Lapkoff Maps: Nick Bell Scenario Design: Greg Smith and Joseph MIranda Playtesting: Arthur Florman, Brian Rock, Charles Belva, Don Maddox, Gary Bezant, Jim Johnson, John Kincaid, Kevin Pelz, Michael Andress, Peter Jackson, Peter von Kleinsmid, Tim Schultz, Tyler Philpott, Dustin Pearson, Mark rnebjerg Jensen.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Getting Started ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 Section 1-1: Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 13 Section 1-2: About This Manual ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Section 1-3: Quick Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Section 1-4: The Turn Sequence....................................................................................................................................... 14 Section 1-5: Units and Firing Groups ................................................................................................................................ 14

1-5.1 Multi-Part Units ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 1-5.2 Firing Groups ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 1-5.3 Coaxial Weapons.................................................................................................................................................. 15

Section 1-6: Formations and the Chain of Command ....................................................................................................... 15 1-6.1 Headquarters (HQ) Units ...................................................................................................................................... 15 1-6.2 Subordinate Units ................................................................................................................................................. 15 1-6.3 Nominal vs. Acting HQs....................................................................................................................................... 15 1-6.4 Command/Report Delays ..................................................................................................................................... 16

Section 1-7: Units Created By Firing A Weapon ............................................................................................................... 16 Section 1-8: Fog of War (FOW)......................................................................................................................................... 16

1-8.1 Battlefield Objects................................................................................................................................................. 17 1-8.2 Enemy Units ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 1-8.3 Friendly Units........................................................................................................................................................ 17 1-8.4 Objects/Terrain ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 1-8.5 SITREP Messages ............................................................................................................................................... 18

Section 1-9: Play by Email (PbeM).................................................................................................................................... 18 Section 1-10: Definitions/Abbreviations............................................................................................................................. 18

Part Two The Interface........................................................................................................................................................ 23 Section 2-1: The Main Screen........................................................................................................................................... 23

2-1.1 Map Display Control Buttons ................................................................................................................................ 24 2-1.2 Main Menu Display Options.................................................................................................................................. 24 2-1.3 The Force Tree ..................................................................................................................................................... 29

2-1.3.1 Force Tree Icons ............................................................................................................................................ 30 2-1.3.2 Text Additions ................................................................................................................................................ 31

2-1.3.3 Force Tree Mouse Actions ................................................................................................................................ 31 2-1.3.4 Composite Unit Mode .................................................................................................................................... 32

Section 2-2: The Location Information Form ..................................................................................................................... 33 Section 2-3: The Off-map Display ..................................................................................................................................... 35

2-3.1 Using a Background Map/Picture For the Offmap Display [Rev 2.2: Addition] ................................................... 36 Section 2-4: Staff Officer Screens ..................................................................................................................................... 37

2-4.1 General Characteristics of Staff Officer Screens.................................................................................................. 38 2-4.2 S-1: Personnel Officer .......................................................................................................................................... 39 2-4.3 S-2: Intelligence Officer ........................................................................................................................................ 39 2-4.4 S-3: Operations Officer (Movement)..................................................................................................................... 40 2-4.5 S-4: Supply Officer................................................................................................................................................ 41 2-4.6 XO: Targeting Officer............................................................................................................................................ 43 2-4.7 Engineering Officer ............................................................................................................................................... 44 2-4.8 FSO: Fire Support Officer (Artillery) ..................................................................................................................... 45 2-4.9 ALO: Air Liaison Officer (Close Air Support) ........................................................................................................ 46 2-4.10 Commo: Communications Officer....................................................................................................................... 47

Section 2-5: Preference Settings....................................................................................................................................... 48 Section 2-6: Right Clicking () on the Map.............................................................................................................. 53

2-6.1 Pop-up: Unit Info ..................................................................................................................................... 53 2-6.2 Pop-up: Composite Units ........................................................................................................................ 54 2-6.3 Pop-up: Enemy Weapon Info .................................................................................................................. 54 2-6.4 Pop-up: Give Orders to Units .................................................................................................................. 54 2-6.5 Pop-up: Create a Detachment................................................................................................................. 55 2-6.6 Pop-up: Target this Location ................................................................................................................... 56 2-6.7 Pop-up: Check Selected Unit Targeting to This Location ....................................................................... 56 2-6.8 Pop-up: Place/Edit Objects ..................................................................................................................... 57 2-6.9 Pop-up: Place/Edit Preplanned ............................................................................................................... 58 2-6.10 Pop-up: Engineering.............................................................................................................................. 58

2-6.11 Pop-up: Bridge Demolition .................................................................................................................... 59 2-6.12 Pop-up: Map Notes ............................................................................................................................... 59 2-6.13 Pop-up: Quit Operation ......................................................................................................................... 60

Section 2-7: Orders Mode (Targeting and Movement)...................................................................................................... 60 Section 2-8: LOS Mode (Line of Sight)............................................................................................................................. 61

2-8.1 Point to Point LOS ................................................................................................................................................ 61 2-8.2 Area LOS .............................................................................................................................................................. 62

Section 2-9: Turn Controls................................................................................................................................................. 64 2-9.1 Auto-Advance Modes ........................................................................................................................................... 64

Section 2-10 Creating a New Game.................................................................................................................................. 65 2-10.1 The Game Creation Checklist [Rev 2.2 Addition]............................................................................................... 65 2-10.2 Expert Level........................................................................................................................................................ 66 2-10.2 Scenario Information........................................................................................................................................... 67 2-10.3 Select the Scenario Map .................................................................................................................................... 69 2-10.4 Set Conditions/Data Tables................................................................................................................................ 70

2-10.4.1 Using Custom Data Files ............................................................................................................................. 70 2-10.4.2 Setting the Game Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 70

2-10.4.2.1 Set Current Time\Light and Non-Weather Meteorological Values ........................................................ 71 2-10.4.2.2 Set LOS Special Values ........................................................................................................................ 71 2-10.4.2.3 Set Turn Resolution............................................................................................................................... 72 2-10.4.2.4 Set Map Scale ....................................................................................................................................... 72

2-10.4.3 Setting the Game Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 72 2-10.4.3.1 Setting the Weather Period Length ....................................................................................................... 73 2-10.4.3.2 Setting the Conditions For Each Weather Period ................................................................................. 73 2-10.4.3.3 Adding or Deleting Days of Weather..................................................................................................... 74

2-10.5 Initial Set Up Conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 74 2-10.6 Fog of War (FOW) .............................................................................................................................................. 77

2-10.6.1 FOW Levels ................................................................................................................................................. 77 2-10.6.2 Locking the FOW Levels.............................................................................................................................. 77 2-10.6.3 Using Different FOW Levels For Each Player ............................................................................................. 77

2-10.7 Default Force Values .......................................................................................................................................... 78 2-10.7.1 Command and Control ................................................................................................................................. 78

2-10.7.1.1 Command Radii..................................................................................................................................... 78 2-10.7.1.2 Message Types ..................................................................................................................................... 79

2-10.7.2 AI Aggressiveness Level.............................................................................................................................. 81 2-10.7.3 General Force Values .................................................................................................................................. 81 2-10.7.4 Intelligence/Reconnaissance Values ........................................................................................................... 83 2-10.7.5 Default Unit Values ...................................................................................................................................... 83 2-10.7.6 Message Time-out [Rev 2.21 Addition]........................................................................................................ 84 2-10.7.7 Live Feed Video ........................................................................................................................................... 84 2-10.7.8 Pre-Planned (PPD) Artillery Target Defaults ............................................................................................... 85 2-10.7.9 DF Target Reference Point (TRP) Defaults ................................................................................................. 85

2-10.8 Selecting Main Force Units................................................................................................................................. 86 2-10.8.1 Weapon System Model Selection Mode Panel............................................................................................ 86 2-10.8.2 TO&E Panel ................................................................................................................................................. 87 2-10.8.3 Current Forces Panel ................................................................................................................................... 87

2-10.8.3.1 Reassigning Sub-Formations/Units to Different HQs ........................................................................... 87 2-10.8.3.2 Deleting Units ........................................................................................................................................ 87 2-10.8.3.3 Changing the Unit Level ........................................................................................................................ 87

2-10.8.4 Editing/Changing Unit Information ............................................................................................................... 88 2-10.8.5 Unit Names/Auto-Naming ............................................................................................................................ 88 2-10.8.6 Changing Basic Unit Default Levels............................................................................................................. 89 2-10.8.7 Random/Auto Force Selection ..................................................................................................................... 90

2-10.9 Selecting Flank Force Units................................................................................................................................ 91 2-10.10 Assigning Leaders to Units............................................................................................................................... 91

2-10.1.11 Two-Player Games .................................................................................................................................... 92 2.10.1.11.1 Passwords ........................................................................................................................................... 93

Section 2-11 AI and the Map............................................................................................................................................. 94 2-11.1 CAI File ............................................................................................................................................................... 94

Section 2-12 Placing Units/Objects on the map................................................................................................................ 94 2-12.1 Placing Units....................................................................................................................................................... 96

2-12.1.1 Placing Entire Formations............................................................................................................................ 96 2-12.1.2 Placing Composite Units.............................................................................................................................. 96 2-12.1.3 Loading and Unloading Formations and/or the Entire Force....................................................................... 97 2-12.1.4 Loading/Unloading Single Units................................................................................................................... 97 2-12.1.5 Removing Existing Move Orders ................................................................................................................. 97 2-12.1.6 Un-placing Units Already Placed............................................................................................................... 97 2-12.1.7 Designating Reinforcement Units ................................................................................................................ 97 2-12.1.8 Setting Up Paradrops................................................................................................................................... 97 2-12.1.8 Satellites....................................................................................................................................................... 98

2-12.1.8.1 Satellite Availability Form ...................................................................................................................... 99 2-12.1.8.2 Satellite Passes Form ......................................................................................................................... 101

2-12.2 Placing/Editing/Removing Improved Positions (IPs) ....................................................................................... 101 2-12.2.1 Editing/Removing Existing IPs .................................................................................................................. 103

2-12.3 Placing Obstacles ............................................................................................................................................. 103 2-12.2.1 Editing/Removing Existing Obstacles ........................................................................................................ 105

2-12.4 Placing Mines ................................................................................................................................................... 105 2-12.2.1 Editing/Removing Existing Minefields ........................................................................................................ 107

2-12.5 Placing Sensors................................................................................................................................................ 107 2-12.6 Placing/Editing Bridges..................................................................................................................................... 107

2-12.6.1 Placing New Bridges Manually .................................................................................................................. 108 2-12.6.2 Editing/Deleting Existing Bridges ............................................................................................................... 109

2-12.8 Clearing/Removing Objects En-mass............................................................................................................... 109 2-12.8 Victory Objectives ............................................................................................................................................. 110 2-12.9 AI Placement Options....................................................................................................................................... 111

Section 2-13 DF Target Reference Points (TRPs) ......................................................................................................... 111 2-13.1 Placing DF TRPs ............................................................................................................................................. 112 2-13.2 Editing Existing TRPs ...................................................................................................................................... 114 2-13.3 Showing DF TRPs On the Map ....................................................................................................................... 115 2-13.4 Using DF TRPs ................................................................................................................................................ 115

Section 2-14 IF Pre-Planned (PPD) Targets ................................................................................................................... 115 2-14.1 Placing IF PPD Targets .................................................................................................................................... 116 2-14.2 Editing Existing PPD Targets ........................................................................................................................... 117 2-14.3 Showing IF PPD Targets On the Map .............................................................................................................. 118 2-14.4 Using IF PPD Targets....................................................................................................................................... 118

Section 2-15 Placing Units to Fire at a Specific Location................................................................................................ 119 Section 2-16 Loading/Unloading Units ............................................................................................................................ 120

2-16.1 Loading using the Unit Data Form.................................................................................................................... 120 2-16.2 Loading using the Map Menu..................................................................................................... 121 2-16.3 Loading using Movement Commands.............................................................................................................. 121 2-16.4 Load Units Form ............................................................................................................................................... 121 2-16.5 Unload Units Form............................................................................................................................................ 123

2-16.5.1 Giving Debarking Units Movement Orders ................................................................................................ 123 Section 2-17 Giving Units Movement Commands........................................................................................................... 124

2-17.1 Selecting Units for Orders ................................................................................................................................ 125 2-17.1.1 Function Buttons ........................................................................................................................................ 126

2-17.2 AI Fidelity .......................................................................................................................................................... 126 2-17.3 Formation Move................................................................................................................................................ 127 2-17.4 Movement Orders ............................................................................................................................................. 128

2-17.4.1 Path Display ............................................................................................................................................... 128 2-17.4.2 Command Buttons ..................................................................................................................................... 129 2-17.4.3 Movement Path Editor ............................................................................................................................... 130 2-17.4.5 Entering IPs [Rev 2.3 Addition] ................................................................................................................ 131 2-17.4.6 Moving Underground [Rev 2.3 Addition].................................................................................................... 132

2-17.5 Setting Movement Waypoints........................................................................................................................... 134 2-17.6.1 Showing All Friendly Move Paths .............................................................................................................. 135

2-17.6 Patrol Mode ...................................................................................................................................................... 136 2-16.6.1 Setting up a Patrol ..................................................................................................................................... 137 2-17.6.1 Canceling a Patrol...................................................................................................................................... 138

2-17.7 Maneuver Groups [Rev 2.3 Addition] ............................................................................................................... 138 2-17.7.1 Maneuver Groups Form............................................................................................................................. 139

2-17.7.1.1 Intermediate Objective Panel: ............................................................................................................. 143

2-17.7.2 Intermediate Objectives Form.................................................................................................................... 144 2-17.7.2.1 Selecting Intermediate Objective Locations ........................................................................................ 144 2-17.7.2.2 Intermediate Objective Options ........................................................................................................... 146 2-17.7.2.3 Intermediate Objective Actions............................................................................................................ 146

2-17.7.2.4 Intermediate Objective Example ............................................................................................................. 147 Section 2-18 Setting DF Targets ..................................................................................................................................... 152

2-18.1 Setting DF Targets for Specific Firing Units ..................................................................................................... 152 2-18.1.1 The Targeting Form ................................................................................................................................... 154 2-18.1.2 Selecting the Target ................................................................................................................................... 154 2.18.1.3 Setting/Changing the Firing Group Info ..................................................................................................... 155 2-18.1.4 Firing Parameters/Information ................................................................................................................... 156

2-18.1.4.1 Target .................................................................................................................................................. 156 2-18.1.4.2 ROF......................................................................................................................................................... 156 2-18.1.4.3 Pulses/Ammo.......................................................................................................................................... 157 2-18.1.4.4 Kill/Dmg/Supn Probabilities..................................................................................................................... 157 2-18.1.4.5 Clearing (Removing) Targets.................................................................................................................. 157

2-18.2 Setting DF Against A Specific Target ............................................................................................................... 158 2-18.2.1 Targeting Results ....................................................................................................................................... 159

Section 2-19 Calling for Artillery/IF Fire........................................................................................................................... 160 2-19.1 The Arty/Fire Support Mission form.................................................................................................................. 160 2-19.2 Select the Target .............................................................................................................................................. 161 2-19.3 Select the Firing Unit/Ammo............................................................................................................................. 162 2-19.3 Mission Specs................................................................................................................................................... 163 2-19.4 Shift................................................................................................................................................................... 163 2-19.5 Calling Unit ....................................................................................................................................................... 164

2-19.5.1 Calling Unit Effects..................................................................................................................................... 164 2-19.6 Targeting Results Box ...................................................................................................................................... 164 2-19.7 Canceling a Support Mission............................................................................................................................ 165 2-19.8 Support Mission Priorities................................................................................................................................. 166

Section 2-20 Calling for Close Air Support...................................................................................................................... 166 2-20.1 The Close Air Support Mission Form................................................................................................................ 166 2-20.2 Select the Target .............................................................................................................................................. 168 2-20.3 Select the Aircraft Unit ...................................................................................................................................... 168 2-20.4 Set Up the Passes ............................................................................................................................................ 168 2-20.5 Adding SEAD Missions..................................................................................................................................... 169

2-20.5.1 Picking an SEAD Target ............................................................................................................................ 170 2-20.5.2 Setting SEAD Mission Start Time .............................................................................................................. 170 2-20.6 Assisting Units............................................................................................................................................... 171 2-20.7 Flight Path Characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 171 2-20.8 Check Mission Plan....................................................................................................................................... 172

2-20.9 Canceling a Support Mission............................................................................................................................ 172 Section 2-21 Engineering Operations ............................................................................................................................. 173

2-21.1 The Engineering Projects Form........................................................................................................................ 174 2-21.2 Start New Project.............................................................................................................................................. 175

2-21.2.1 Creating New Objects ................................................................................................................................ 175 2-21.2.1.1 Placing Mines/Sensors........................................................................................................................ 176 2-21.2.1.2 Creating Obstacles.............................................................................................................................. 177

2-21.2.1.3 Building Bridges ...................................................................................................................................... 178 2-21.2.1.3.1 Spanning Hexsides....................................................................................................................... 178 2-21.2.1.3.1 Spanning Full Locations/Hexes .................................................................................................... 180

2-21.2.1.4 Constructing IPs ................................................................................................................................. 181 2-21.2.1.5 Building Roads .................................................................................................................................... 181

2-21.2.2 Removing Objects...................................................................................................................................... 182 2-21.2.2.1 Removing Minefields/Obstacles .......................................................................................................... 182 2-21.2.2.2 Priming Bridges for Demo ................................................................................................................... 182 2-21.2.2.3 Blowing Primed Bridges ...................................................................................................................... 183

2-21.3 Active Operation Statistics................................................................................................................................ 183 2-21.4 Current Projects in Loc ..................................................................................................................................... 184 2-21.5 Available Units .................................................................................................................................................. 185 2-21.6 Canceling a Project........................................................................................................................................... 185

Section 2-22 Airdrop Missions......................................................................................................................................... 185

2-22.1 Loading the Aircraft........................................................................................................................................... 185 2-22.1.1 Load Units Form (Paradrop) ...................................................................................................................... 186

2-22.2 Setting the Airdrop............................................................................................................................................ 187 2-22.2.1 Airdrop Form .............................................................................................................................................. 187

2-22.2.1.1 Set the Drop Location.......................................................................................................................... 188 2-22.2.1.2 Set the Units to Drop ........................................................................................................................... 188 2-22.2.1.3 Airdrop Mission Orders........................................................................................................................ 189 2-22.2.1.4 Airdrop Passes .................................................................................................................................... 189

2-22.3 Viewing/Canceling Airdrops.............................................................................................................................. 191 Section 2-23 Detailed Unit Information............................................................................................................................ 191

2-23.1 General Tab...................................................................................................................................................... 192 2-23.2 Status Tab ........................................................................................................................................................ 193 2-23.3 Movement Tab.................................................................................................................................................. 193 2-23.4 Firing Groups Tab............................................................................................................................................. 194 2-23.5 SOP Tabs ......................................................................................................................................................... 195

2-23.5.1 Combat SOP Tab....................................................................................................................................... 195 2-23.5.2 General SOP Tab....................................................................................................................................... 196

2-23.6 Damage Tab ..................................................................................................................................................... 198 2-23.7 Special Tab....................................................................................................................................................... 199 2-23.8 Apply SOP Orders to Other Units..................................................................................................................... 199 2-23.9 Weapon Information Form................................................................................................................................ 201

2-23.9.1 Ammunition Penetration/Properties Chart ................................................................................................. 202 Section 2-24 Reaction Orders ......................................................................................................................................... 204

2-24.1 Reactions on Enemy Contact Form.................................................................................................................. 204 2-24.2 Reaction Orders - Movement ........................................................................................................................... 206 2-24.3 Reaction Orders - Targeting ............................................................................................................................. 206 2-24.4 Reaction Orders - Return Fire .......................................................................................................................... 207

Section 2-25 Attach/Detach Elements............................................................................................................................. 207 2-25.1 Joining Units ..................................................................................................................................................... 207 2-25.2 Creating a Detachment..................................................................................................................................... 209

Section 2-26 Composite Units ......................................................................................................................................... 212 2-26.1 Toggling Composite Unit Display Mode ........................................................................................................... 213 2-26.1 Composite Unit Controls................................................................................................................................... 214 2-26.2 Adjusting Composite Units ............................................................................................................................... 214

2-26.2.1 Composite Units Form ............................................................................................................................... 214 2-26.2.2 Adjusting Control Values............................................................................................................................ 215 2-26.2.3 Adding Subunits/Elements......................................................................................................................... 216 2-26.2.4 Removing Subunits/Elements.................................................................................................................... 216 2-26.2.5 Changing the HQ ....................................................................................................................................... 217

2-26.3 Adding New Composite Units........................................................................................................................... 217 2-26.4 Deleting Composite Units ................................................................................................................................. 217

Section 2-27 Communications Networks ........................................................................................................................ 218 2-27.1 Network Types.................................................................................................................................................. 218 2-27.2 Equipment......................................................................................................................................................... 219 2-27.3 Networks Form ................................................................................................................................................. 220 2-27.4 Adding a New Network ..................................................................................................................................... 221 2-27.5 Adjusting Network Characteristics.................................................................................................................... 221 2-27.6 Adding Units to a Network ................................................................................................................................ 222 2-27.7 Deleting Units from a Network.......................................................................................................................... 223 2-27.8 Deleting a Network ........................................................................................................................................... 223

Section 2-28 Ending the Turn.......................................................................................................................................... 223 Section 2-29 Combat Reporting ...................................................................................................................................... 224

2-29.1 Graphical Map Displays.................................................................................................................................... 224 2-29.2 The Combat Phase Report Form ..................................................................................................................... 224 2-29.3 Saving the Report to a File [Rev 2.25 Addition] ............................................................................................... 227

Section 2-30 Viewing the Replay/Turn Summary............................................................................................................ 228 Section 2-31 Game Results (Victory) Screen [Rev 2.25 Addition] ................................................................................ 228 Section 2-32 MOE Reports [Rev 2.25 Addition] ............................................................................................................ 229

2-32.1 MOE Summary Page........................................................................................................................................ 229 2-32.2 MOE Attacking/Defending Systems Page........................................................................................................ 230 2-32.3 MOE Weapons Systems Page ......................................................................................................................... 230

2-32.4 MOE Merger ..................................................................................................................................................... 231 Section 2-33 Full Game Replay [Rev 2.25 Addition] ..................................................................................................... 233 Section 2-33 Scenario Files............................................................................................................................................. 235

2-33.1 Loading A Scenario .......................................................................................................................................... 235 2-33.2 Creating a Scenario .......................................................................................................................................... 236

Section 2-34 Getting Help ............................................................................................................................................... 237 2-34.1 The Main Form ................................................................................................................................................. 237 2-34.2 Other Game Forms........................................................................................................................................... 237 2-34.3 DataView Forms ............................................................................................................................................... 238

Section 2-34 Information, Warning, and Error Messages ............................................................................................... 238 2-34.1 Firing/Targeting (DF, IF, CAS).......................................................................................................................... 238 2-34.2 CAS Mission Plan ............................................................................................................................................. 240 2-34.3 Staff Officer Notes/Comments.......................................................................................................................... 240

Section 2-35: Keyboard Shortcut Keys ........................................................................................................................... 241 Part Three: Modeling and Simulation ............................................................................................................................ 243

Section 3-1: The Turn/Pulse Sequence .......................................................................................................................... 243 3-1.1 The Turn Sequence............................................................................................................................................ 243 3-1.2 The Combat Pulse Sequence............................................................................................................................. 244 3-1.3 The Movement Phase......................................................................................................................................... 244

Section 3-2: Firing Weapons ........................................................................................................................................... 244 3-2.1 Direct Fire (DF) ................................................................................................................................................... 244 3-2.2 Indirect Fire (IF) .................................................................................................................................................. 246

3-2.2.1 Spotting Fire................................................................................................................................................. 246 3-2.3 Anti-Aircraft Fire (AA).......................................................................................................................................... 247 3-2.4 Opportunity Fire .................................................................................................................................................. 248 3-2.5 Flight paths ......................................................................................................................................................... 248

3-2.5.1 Ballistic (un-powered) Projectile Flight Paths .............................................................................................. 249 3-2.5.2 Powered/En-route Object Flight Paths......................................................................................................... 249 3-2.5.3 Firing Angles ................................................................................................................................................ 251

3-2.6 Actions at Firing/Launch ..................................................................................................................................... 253 3-2.7 Weapon/Round Accuracy................................................................................................................................... 254

3-2.7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 254 3-2.7.2 En-route Unit (Missile) Initial Accuracy ........................................................................................................ 254 3-2.7.3 Guided Munitions ......................................................................................................................................... 254

3-2.7.3.1 Internal................................................................................................................................................... 255 3-2.7.3.2 Controlling Unit ...................................................................................................................................... 255 3-2.7.3.3 Painting Unit .......................................................................................................................................... 255 3-2.7.3.4 Guidance System Damage ................................................................................................................... 255 3-2.7.3.5 GPS (Global Positioning System) ......................................................................................................... 256 3-2.7.3.6 Homing .................................................................................................................................................. 256 3-2.7.3.7 Jamming ................................................................................................................................................ 257 3-2.7.3.8 Decoys................................................................................................................................................... 257 3-2.7.3.9 Summary of Guided Munition Characteristics....................................................................................... 258 3-2.7.3.10 Seeking................................................................................................................................................ 259

3-2.7.4 Target Size................................................................................................................................................... 259 3-2.7.5 Firing Unit Movement ................................................................................................................................... 261 3-2.7.6 Target Apparent Movement ......................................................................................................................... 261 3-2.7.7 Other Non-guided Accuracy Modifiers ......................................................................................................... 261

3-2.8 Weapon/Round Effects....................................................................................................................................... 262 3-2.8.1 Effective Target Armor Thickness................................................................................................................ 262 3-2.8.2 Kinetic/Impact Effects .................................................................................................................................. 263

3-2.8.2.1 Projectile Air Drag and Impact Angle .................................................................................................... 264 3-2.8.2.2 Projectile Fracture and Deformation ..................................................................................................... 264 3-2.8.2.3 Petalling/Plugging.................................................................................................................................. 264 3-2.8.2.4 Spall....................................................................................................................................................... 264 3-2.8.2.5 Target Damage/Destruction .................................................................................................................. 265

3-2.8.3 HE/HESH ..................................................................................................................................................... 265 3-2.8.3.1 HE: Blast Effects.................................................................................................................................... 265 3.2.8.3.2 HE: Shrapnel Creation/Damage............................................................................................................ 265 3-2.8.3.3 HE: Spall Creation................................................................................................................................. 265 3-2.8.3.4 HE: Cratering......................................................................................................................................... 266

3-2.8.3.5 HE: Rubble Creation ............................................................................................................................. 266 3-2.8.3.6 HE: Minefield/Sensorfield Damage ...................................................................................................... 266

3-2.8.4 APHE ........................................................................................................................................................... 267 3-2.8.5 HEAT............................................................................................................................................................ 268 3-2.8.6 Flame/Incendiary.......................................................................................................................................... 270

3-2.8.6.1 Flame: Wide-Area Flammables............................................................................................................ 270 3-2.8.6.2 Flame: Terrain Fires .............................................................................................................................. 270 3-2.8.6.3 Flame: Igniting Objects......................................................................................................................... 270

3-2.8.7 Chemical Weapons...................................................................................................................................... 271 3-2.8.7.1 MOPP (Protection) ................................................................................................................................ 272

3-2.8.8 Energy/Advanced Weapons ........................................................................................................................ 272 3-2.8.8.1 Coupling ................................................................................................................................................ 274

3-2.8.8.1.1 Standard Target System Sizes For Coupling ................................................................................. 276 3-2.8.8.2 Physical Destruction.............................................................................................................................. 277 3-2.8.8.3 Degradation ........................................................................................................................................... 277

3-2.8.8.3.1 Standard Dispersion Degradation .................................................................................................. 278 3-2.8.8.3.2 Range Degradation......................................................................................................................... 278 3-2.8.8.3.3 Weapon-Specific LOS/Block Point Degradation............................................................................. 278 3-2.8.8.3.4 Terrain-Specific LOS/Block Point Degradation............................................................................... 278 3-2.8.8.3.5 Weapon-Specific Atmospheric Degradation................................................................................... 278 3-2.8.8.3.6 Weather-Specific Atmospheric Degradation................................................................................... 278 3-2.8.8.3.7 Cloud Degradation.......................................................................................................................... 278 3-2.8.8.3.8 Incidence Angle Degradation ......................................................................................................... 279 3-2.8.8.3.9 Armor/Protective Material Degradation .......................................................................................... 279 3-2.8.8.3.9 Weapons-System Specific Degradation ......................................................................................... 280

3-2.9 Ammunition/Weapon System Lethality Adjustments.......................................................................................... 280 3-2.9.1 Ammunition Values ...................................................................................................................................... 280 3-2.9.2 Weapons System Survivability..................................................................................................................... 280 3-2.9.3 Special Non-Lethal Ammunition Types........................................................................................................ 280 3-2.9.4 Specific Optical System Damage................................................................................................................. 280

3-2.10 Suppression...................................................................................................................................................... 281 3-2.10.1 Calculating Suppression Amounts ............................................................................................................. 281 3-2.10.2 Buttoning-up From Suppression ................................................................................................................ 282 3-2.10.3 Suppression Dissipation ............................................................................................................................ 282

3-2.11 Secondary Explosions/Collateral Effects.......................................................................................................... 282 3-2.12 High Smoke/Flash/Noise/Backblast ................................................................................................................. 283 3.2.13 Creating a new unit by Firing a Gun/Launcher............................................................................................... 283

3-2.13.1 Temporary En-route Units.......................................................................................................................... 283 3-2.13.2 Standard Units ........................................................................................................................................... 284 3-2.13.3 Self-Homing Units ...................................................................................................................................... 284 3-2.13.4 Data Table Flags and Summary ................................................................................................................ 285

Section 3-3: Close Combat.............................................................................................................................................. 285 3-3.1 Initiating Close Combat ...................................................................................................................................... 285 3-3.2 Resolving Close Combat .................................................................................................................................... 285

Section 3-4: Improved Positions...................................................................................................................................... 286 3-4.1 Setting Up IP Types............................................................................................................................................ 287 3-4.2 Constructing IPs................................................................................................................................................. 287 3-4.3 IP Effects ............................................................................................................................................................ 288 3-4.4 IP Access [Rev 2.3 Addition] ............................................................................................................................ 289

3-4.4.1 IP Damage and Access ............................................................................................................................... 290 3-4.5 Underground IPs [Rev 2.3 Addition] ................................................................................................................ 290

3-4.5.1 Special Underground IP Considerations...................................................................................................... 291 3-4.5.2 Underground IP Fog of War......................................................................................................................... 292 3-4.5.3 Underground IP Map Display....................................................................................................................... 293 3-4.5.4 Tunnels ........................................................................................................................................................ 293

3-4.6 Moving Between Adjacent/Co-located IPs [Rev 2.3 Addition] .......................................................................... 294 3-4.6.1 Moving Between Adjacent/Co-located IPs .................................................................................................. 294 3-4.6.1 Unit Orders: Above/Below Ground............................................................................................................... 295 3-4.6.2 AI Movement Considerations....................................................................................................................... 296

3-4.7 Sample Improved Position Diagrams ................................................................................................................. 296 Section 3.5: Point Missile Defense Systems................................................................................................................... 299

3-5.1 PMD Detection Systems..................................................................................................................................... 300 3-5.2 PMD Damage Routines...................................................................................................................................... 300 3-5.3 PMD Ammunition Depletion ............................................................................................................................... 302 3-5.4 PMD Vulnerability ............................................................................................................................................... 302

Section 3-6: Fog Of War (FOW)...................................................................................................................................... 302 3-6.1 Unit-specific FOW............................................................................................................................................... 303 3-6.2 Known vs. Sighted Object Information ............................................................................................................... 303 3-6.3 Messages ........................................................................................................................................................... 303 3-6.4 Enemy Units ....................................................................................................................................................... 303 3-6.5 Friendly Units...................................................................................................................................................... 304 3-6.6 Flank Forces ....................................................................................................................................................... 304 3-6.7 Terrain/Objects ................................................................................................................................................... 305 3-6.8 Bridges................................................................................................................................................................ 305 3-6.9 Minefields............................................................................................................................................................ 307 3-6.10 Friendly Fire ................................................................................................................................................... 307

Section 3-7: Detection of Units/Objects........................................................................................................................... 308 3-7.1 Visual .................................................................................................................................................................. 308 3-7.1.1 Illumination....................................................................................................................................................... 309 3-7.2 IR (Infrared) Detection ........................................................................................................................................ 310 3-7.3 Noise................................................................................................................................................................... 310 3-7.4 Light .................................................................................................................................................................... 311 3-7.5 Radio Transmissions .......................................................................................................................................... 311 3-7.6 Radar .................................................................................................................................................................. 312 3-7.7 Remote Sensors ................................................................................................................................................. 312 3-7.8 Start of Scenario Detection................................................................................................................................. 312

3-7.8.1 Signal Intercept ............................................................................................................................................ 313 3-7.8.2 Pre-battle Satellite Monitoring...................................................................................................................... 313 3-7.8.3 Aerial Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................................ 314 3-7.8.4 HUMINT ....................................................................................................................................................... 314 3-7.8.5 Patrols .......................................................................................................................................................... 314

Section 3-8: Movement.................................................................................................................................................... 315 3-8.1 Time Required to Move Between Locations....................................................................................................... 315 3-8.2 Obstacles............................................................................................................................................................ 317 3-8.3 Stacking .............................................................................................................................................................. 317 3-8.4 Chemical Contamination Areas .......................................................................................................................... 318 3-8.5 Bridges................................................................................................................................................................ 318 3-8.6 Mines .................................................................................................................................................................. 318 3-8.7 Dust Generation.................................................................................................................................................. 319 3-8.8 Camouflage Level Adjustments.......................................................................................................................... 319 3-8.9 Join Units/Create Detachment............................................................................................................................ 319 3-8.10 Mechanical Breakdowns................................................................................................................................... 320 3-8.11 Transporting Passenger Units .......................................................................................................................... 320

3-8.11.1 Loading/Unloading Time ............................................................................................................................ 321 3-8.11.2 Loading ...................................................................................................................................................... 321 3-8.11.3 Unloading ................................................................................................................................................... 321

3-8.12 Emplacing Units................................................................................................................................................ 322 3-8.13 Aircraft .............................................................................................................................................................. 322

3-8-13.1 Fixed Wing vs. Hover-capable Aircraft ...................................................................................................... 322 3-8-13.2 Giving Aircraft Units Movement Orders ..................................................................................................... 322 3-8-13.3 Special Aircraft Missions............................................................................................................................ 322

Section 3-9: Morale ......................................................................................................................................................... 323 3-9.1 Morale Adjustments ............................................................................................................................................ 323

Section 3-10: Force Levels.............................................................................................................................................. 326 3-10.1 Training............................................................................................................................................................. 326 3-10.2 Discipline Ratings ............................................................................................................................................. 326 3-10.3 Camouflage ...................................................................................................................................................... 326 3-10.4 Communications (Orders Delay) ...................................................................................................................... 326 3-10.5 Friction .............................................................................................................................................................. 326 3-10.5 Air Superiority ................................................................................................................................................... 326 3-10.6 Electronic Warfare (EW)................................................................................................................................... 327 3-10.7 Supply and Strength ......................................................................................................................................... 327

Section 3-11: Command and Control .............................................................................................................................. 327 3-11.1 The Chain of Command ................................................................................................................................... 327

3-11.1.1 Acting HQ units........................................................................................................................................ 328 3-11.1.2 Command Radius ...................................................................................................................................... 328 3-11.1.3 Internal Friction .......................................................................................................................................... 329

3-11.2 Messages/SITREPs......................................................................................................................................... 329 3-11.2.1 Orders ........................................................................................................................................................ 329 3-11.2.2 SITREPs.................................................................................................................................................... 330 3-11.2.3 Transmitting Messages.............................................................................................................................. 330

3-11.2.3.1 Digital Transmission ............................................................................................................................ 330 3-11.2.3.2 Analog Transmission........................................................................................................................... 331 3-11.2.3.3 Live Feed............................................................................................................................................. 331 3-11.2.3.4 Networks.............................................................................................................................................. 331 3-11.2.3.5 Degradation ......................................................................................................................................... 332 3-11.2.3.6 Jamming .............................................................................................................................................. 332 3-11.2.3.7 Detection ............................................................................................................................................. 332 3-11.2.3.8 Satellites .............................................................................................................................................. 332

3-11.3 TRPs and DF Targets ...................................................................................................................................... 333 3-11.3.1 TRPs ......................................................................................................................................................... 333 3-11.3.2 DF Targets ................................................................................................................................................. 333 3-11.3.3 Opportunity Fire ......................................................................................................................................... 334

Section 3-12: Terrain Effects ........................................................................................................................................... 334 3-12.1 The Terrain Effects Chart (TEC)....................................................................................................................... 334 3-12.2 Elevation ........................................................................................................................................................... 335 3-12.3 The LOS (Line of Sight) .................................................................................................................................... 335 3-12.4 Movement ......................................................................................................................................................... 336 3-12.5 Bridges.............................................................................................................................................................. 336

3.12.5.1 The Effects of Bridges................................................................................................................................ 336 3.12.5.2 Bridge Restrictions ..................................................................................................................................... 336 3.12.5.3 Damaging and Destroying Bridges ............................................................................................................ 337

3-12.6 Cover/Concealment .......................................................................................................................................... 338 3-12.7 Combat Effects on Terrain................................................................................................................................ 338

3-12.7.1 Terrain Fires............................................................................................................................................... 338 3-12.7.2 Craters ....................................................................................................................................................... 339 3-12.7.3 Rubble........................................................................................................................................................ 339

3-12.8 Off-map Areas .................................................................................................................................................. 339 Section 3-13: Repairing Combat Damage..................................................................................