pnd –a novel wastewater treatment process designed around biology dr. ralf cord ruwisch
TRANSCRIPT
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PND –A Novel WasteWater Treatment Process Designed Around Biology
Dr. Ralf Cord Ruwisch
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PND - Wastewater Treatment Technology Adopted from Nature
Dr. Ralf Cord Ruwisch
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Background of Invention:
•15 Years of R&D on Advanced Wastewater Treatment
•4 PhD candidates (now working as engineers/scientists)
•Numerous publications
•Most promising outcome (PND) now a patent application in international phase
•Inventor team: Dr. Ralf Cord-Ruwisch, Dr. Leonie Hughes
•IP holder: Murdoch University
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Objective of Waste Water Treatment
Avoid:
1. Outbreaks of disease
2. Pollution by solids (Prim.
Treatment)
3. Pollution by soluble organics (Sec.
Treatment)
4. Pollution by nutrients, e.g. N (Tert.
Treatment)
The last two steps are biological and essential to minimise pollution and enable water reclamation
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Pollution by Nitrogen
N-pollution leads to algal blooms
Key pollutants are:•Ammonia•Nitrate
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Pollution by NitrogenAlgal blooms can be spectacular
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Pollution by NitrogenAlso at “normal levels around cities” N
pollution can turn toxic
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Pollution by NitrogenEvan at “low levels” N pollution can kill
reefs and other ecosysmtems
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Pollution by NitrogenLegislation asks for lowest N-levels with
best proven technology
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N-Removal inWastewater Treatment
In Wastewater Nitrogen is present as ammonia.
Extremely high numbers of biodegrading bacteria are needed to remove it.
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Arial view of Biological Wastewater Treatment in Perth“Challenge to keep up with expanding population”
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Why is N removal difficult ?
N removal requires 2 processes:
Aerobic: Ammonia + O2 nitrate (nitrification)
Anoxic: Nitrate + Organics N2 (denitrification)
Traditional plants can’t make both processes work
Residual N pollution in urban areas
Reason: Traditional Design based on maximum O2
supply
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Problem of Traditional Approach
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
• Organics are converted to CO2.
• Nitrogen is merely converted into another form.
• Additional nitrate removal is needed.
AerobicAmmonia
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Problem of Traditional Approach
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
Nitrate con only be removed by anoxic denitrification.However…
N2
Aerobic AnoxicAmmonia
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Problem of Traditional Approach
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
To carry out Nitrate removal, organics are needed !
N2
Aerobic AnoxicAmmonia
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Problem of Traditional Approach
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
The organics needed for pollutant release as N2 have been destroyed in the aerobic step.
N2
Aerobic AnoxicAmmonia
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Problem of Traditional Approach
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
Current practice is to take a portion of the untreated organics from raw wastewater. Problem: Ammonia addition.
N2
Aerobic AnoxicAmmonia
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Problem of Traditional Approach
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
Various add-on technologies have been developed:• Multiple aerobic/anoxic steps• Sophisticated O2 control (SND)
N2
Aerobic AnoxicAmmonia
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Problem of Traditional Approach
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
Problems of existing plants:Expensive, Incomplete N removal, High maintenance,
N2
Aerobic AnoxicAmmonia
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Learning from Biology (Nature)
O2
CO2
Organics
Nitrate
What happens in nature when highly polluted waste comes in contact with bio-degrading bacteria ?
N2
Aerobic AnoxicAmmonia
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A
C
Continued over-supply with organics
trains wastewater bacteria to store lipids (fat)
PHB
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Learning from Biology (Nature)
Organics
Ammonia
In nature: •No energy for excessive O2 supply. •Organics removal by anoxic storage as lipid
AnoxicAmmonia
Lipid
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Learning from Biology (Nature)
Organics
Ammonia
Subsequent O2 supply can initiate Nitrification
Anoxic AerobicAmmonia
Lipid
Nitrate
O2
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Learning from Biology (Nature)
Organics
Ammonia
Needed: •Organics for Nitrate removal.•Oxidation of Lipids (either needs O2 or Nitrate).
Anoxic AerobicAmmonia
Lipid
Nitrate
O2
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Learning from Biology (Nature)
Ammonia
By recycling Nitrate containing water back:•N removal is completed•Nitrification and Denitrification operate in parallel…
Anoxic AerobicLipid
O2
N2 Nitrate
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Learning from Biology (Nature)
AmmoniaAnoxic AerobicLipid
O2
N2 Nitrate
… resulting in unrestricted N removal.
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Parallel Nitrification and Denitrification (PND)
Trad. Design:Heavy handed O2 supply +Fixing up the consequences.
PND:Building around the biology
AnoxicAerobic
Lipid
O2
N2 Nitrate
Ammonia
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Performance of PND
Compared to state of art SBR technology: PND removed N more completely, faster, with less O2
(direct competition between PhD students: “Beaten hands-down without even trying”)
AnoxicAerobic
Lipid
O2
N2 Nitrate
Ammonia
0 100 Time (min) 400
3
2
1
0
SBR
PND
N (mM)
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Performance of PND
Theory (modelling) supports results:Nitrifying bacteria percentage:
>80% in PND < 10% in SBRHence 8 times faster rates expected
AnoxicAerobic
Lipid
O2
N2 Nitrate
Ammonia
0 100 Time (min) 400
3
2
1
0
SBR
PND
N (mM)
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Performance of PND
Key disadvantage of PND:Separation of biomass from liquid required repeatedly:
PND: (3-5) Trad. Systems (2)However, other advantages to users:
AnoxicAerobic
Lipid
O2
N2 Nitrate
Ammonia
0 100 Time (min) 400
3
2
1
0
SBR
PND
N (mM)
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Advantages for Users of the Technology
• Can meet lowest demands (>98%) for N removalBarrier Reef Water Re-use
• Less (about 20%) aeration energy
• Smaller footprint (upgrading)
• Less process control !
• No risk of the greenhouse gas N2O emission
• Enables P removal (insufficient time to explain)
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Implementation Options
• New plants (however industry is very
conservative)
• Retrofitting existing plants
• Step by Step implementation (pizza)
• Set to become The New Standard ?
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Arial view of Biological Wastewater Treatment in Perth“Challenge to keep up with expanding population”
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Development Stage
We are Here!
Pilot or Demonstration Site required +$$$’s
Licensee required
Engineering & market input required
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We are looking for…
•A potential demonstration site•Engineering and Market expertise
•A potential licensee
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Please Contact
Samantha Dymond Email: [email protected] Phone: 08.9360.7481
Ralf Cord-RuwischEmail: [email protected]
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Spare
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Nitrif.De-nitrif.
SND
React
ion
Rate
Precise O2 control needed
Skilled operators Not always reliable Slowing down incr. footprint Wasteful: COD and O2 Emerging evidence of N2O emission
Current State of the Art: Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification
Dissolved O2 (mg/L)