plug-in and electric buses
DESCRIPTION
Plug-in and electric buses. Edward Jobson. Energy use, person transports French fleet study by ADEME. City traffic. Regional traffic. Intercity traffic. 80. >2L.TRANSCRIPT
Edward Jobson
Plug-in and electric buses
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Energy use, person transportsFrench fleet study by ADEME
Source: ADEME, http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/getDoc?cid=96&m=3&id=51911&p1=00&p2=12&ref=17597
40
20
BusTram Cars
60
0
<2L
>2L
Metro
125-250 cc250-750 cc
Ener
gy u
se p
er p
erso
n(g
eq
petr
ol /
pass
enge
r km
)
80
MC
City traffic Regional traffic Intercity traffic
Bus Lightrail
1.4L2L
Regiontrains
125-250 cc250-750 cc
MCCars Intercitytrains
High speedtrains
Car AirCoachVolvo7700*Hybrid
BRT*
* Volvo data on BRT and hybrid performance related to respective traffic conditions
Volvo9700*
Volvo Buses
Well to wheel.Making and using biogas or electricity?
80 % more energy
Biomass
Produktion η 69 %
Making vehicle quality η 90 %
Cooling to LNG η 92 %
Distribution η 95 %
ICE efficiancy η 30 %
Energy to weel
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100
16
Biomass to Biogas as fuel for the bus
Biomas
Biogas production η 60 %
El production η 40 %
Distribution η 95 %
Conversion AC-DC η 95 %
Battery η 90 %
Conversion DC-AC η 95 %
El propulsion η 92 %
Energy to weel
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100
282626
Biomass to Electricity as energy for the bus
Assuming that this energy will
drive one biogas bus one year
The electricity will drive 3
fully electric buses one year
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
7700 Diesel
7700 HybridField test
25%35%
37% 39%
7700
Hybridlaunch
2008 2010 2011 2012
Project start
2006
7900
HybridLightweight
7900
HybridElectricdoor
Fuel consumption decrease
2007 2009
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
7700 Diesel: 8.5 l/h7700 Hybrid: 6.0 l/hSaving: 2.5 l/h
7700 Diesel: 13.7 l/h7700 Hybrid: 9.6 l/hSaving: 4.1 l/h
Diesel
Hybrid
Volvo Buses, Edward JobsonEdward Jobson6 Environmental
Conference, May 2011
Fuel consumption-required to reach speed…
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120Hastighet km/h
Lite
r per
acc
eler
atio
n til
l X k
m/hTom buss 12 tonFull buss 18 ton
Speed km/h
Litre
per
acc
eler
atio
n X
km
/hFull bus 18 tonnes
Empty bus 12 tonnes
Breaking from 64 km/h= 10x breaking from 20 km/h
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo 7900 Plug-in Hybrid March 2013 Field testBeyond Euro VI Serial Production
Data10-20 km Electric range5-10 min Charging timePlug-in from all infrastructureEnergy use 30-40% of diesel
Tram
Trolley
InductionSlide-in
Charging principles
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Charging infrastructure-minimising cost
8
Bus stop with charging
Bus stop without charging
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Electric buses
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Fully Electric Buses
Strengths1, Fully electrical2, Energy efficient (1-1.4 kWh/km)3, Silent 4, Acceptable performance in slow city traffic 10-15 km/h5, Potentially compatible with tram and trolley buses6, Price competitive to trams and trolleybuses
Weaknesses1, Additional weight or frequent charging2, Additional cost or limited range 3, Low uphill performance 4, Issues with hot/cold climate5, Design impact6, Infrastructure required7, Cost for infrastructure8, No infra-structure standard9, Charge power is high
100-200 kW
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
The path towards Green Efficiency
2010 Future
City
Bus
Mar
ket
Hybrid
DieselHybridPlug-in
Fully electric
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Optimised public transports-Daily travel
Critical time ~60 minutes30-90 km/h Bus40-250 km/h Train-600 km/h Air
TrainExpress bus
+bio fuel
BRTHybrid bus
FeederHybrid bus+ plug-in Down town
Hybrid busFully electric
School busFully electric
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
25% of the time the bus use 75% of the energy
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
50% of the time buses move10% of the distance
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Summary
· Future technology parallel development– Hybrid bus + Plug-in hybrids– Diesel– Fully electrical buses
· Drivers– Noise– Energy efficiency– Synergies with cars and trucks– Environmental impact less than Euro VI already today– Less dependency on oil– Low infra structure requirement
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo Buses, Edward JobsonDepartment, Name, Document name, Security Class17 2023-04-22Date
Back-up slides for discussion
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Why Electro mobility?
Diesel 10 Km 48 kWh
Hybrid 14.2 km
Plug-in Hybrid 25 km
Full electric (Normal bus) 34 km
Full electric (Light bus) 44 km
The main driver for electro mobility is “Energy Efficiency”Linked to energy efficiency is: Low to no tailpipe emissions Low interior and exterior noise Low CO2 emissions Low LCC
Drive distance with same available energy
*
*
* Technical limitations -Range -Charge Frequency -Charging time
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Stern Report
Global green house gases Transport sector
Green house gases
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Carbon dioxide emissions from power production, European countries
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
7700 Hybrid Yearly Fuel Saving
10 000 l/year
15 000 l/year
20 000 l/year
25 000 l/year
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo Hybrid Technology -the myth maker
MythNot long ago the established truth about hybrid buses was:
Recent facts
Hybrid buses may show good results in the laboratory, but in real traffic the saving is much less.
Statistics from more than 200 Volvo hybrid buses in operation shows savings of in average 32% fuel relative a new diesel bus.
Hybrid buses have low availability. The availability is higher than for diesel buses. In London for example 98% is reported.
Hybrid buses needs special drivers and education.
Driver education is always positive for safety and fuel consumption. However, hybrid buses show high savings with all drivers.
The hybrid technology is not mature. Out of the first ten hybrid customers eight have already come back for additional orders.-Once hybrids, always hybrids.
Hybrid buses are only suitable for slow and dense city traffic.
Volvo hybrid technologyhave high fuel savings in al types of operation from slow urban to regional traffic.
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
No reason to wait, the 7900 Hybrid is the quantum leap we all have been waiting for
24
37% lower fuel consumption
50% lower hazardous emissions
Highest availability, highest reliability
No emissions at the bus stop
Silent take-off
The productivity (VLP) is increased by 8.3% (21% when environmental load is included)
8% higher capacity, 8% less buses
High savings both
in city and in
commuting
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Average Speed (km/h)
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
European Bus MarketShare of buses vs route speed over full life time - Data based on 10 000 Volvo buses.
5%
29%
13% 18% 18% 15%
Serial hybrid* Parallel hybrid*
Volvo ISAM on 7700 hybrid as reported by customers
10%
20%
30%
40%
Average speed in route (km/h)0 10
0%20 30 40 50 60
* Commercial hybrid packages from supplier industry
Average speed in route (km/h)
Fuel
sav
ing
%
Comparing TechnologiesFl
eet %
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo 7700 Hybrids-in Europe
Exponential market growthmore than 450 hybrid buses sold
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
27
Volvo 7900 HybridVolvo 7900 Biogas
Volvo 7900Diesel
Volvo Buses EuropeanEnvironmental Costhttp://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/594
k€ 270
k€ 235k€ 225Euro VI
k€ 148
ParticulatesNOxCO2
Energy