plenary session: application drive design alberto sv

Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

The Edgar L. and Harold H. Buttner Chair of EECSUniversity of California at Berkeley

Co-Founder, CTA and Member of the BoardCadence Design Systems

Application Driven Design – New Directions Require New Tools!

Outline

• The changing face of the IC business• The Future: Systems of Systems• Needed Methodologies and Tools

© Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved.2

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System Above Chip - SAC

2000STAPI

1998Specs

System-Above-Chip (Boards, Chips, & Software) NO value in customer owning/writing drivers.

(TMM, E*, HNS) Customer added value is application,

Conditional Access, Brand Name ST supplies the complete base system BELOW

MIDDLEWARE to save time to market

2003 &Beyond

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Product Complexity is Growing FastExample: Anatomy Of A Smart ‘Cell Phone’

• ISV Applications• MMS• Java Run -time• Inter-processor

communications• Hardware peripheral

drivers• High-level OS• Embedded wireless

communications• Embedded camera,

videos, voice, audio CODECS

• Embedded 3D gaming SW and middleware

SOFTWAREHARDWARE

• Audio Codec & Amp

• Flash Memory

• Bluetooth Processor

• Stereo FM Radio

• SDRAM

• Flash Memory

• Current Management

• Bluetooth Transceiver

• Analog ASIC

• Digital Baseband

• Imaging / Graphics

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Existing Automation Isn’t Enough

• Performance– 71.6% were not within 30% of expectations

• System Functionality– 73.3% were not within 30% of expectations

• Features and Schedule– 84% were not within 30% of expectations

Source: Embedded Market Forecasters

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Challenges

• System Debugging is a Difficult Problem– Early Software Development is the limiting factor in TTM– Everybody has growing software content– Software never works the first time, debugging complex system interactions

is very difficult– There is a gap between hardware and software engineers

• Debugging tools and techniques are very different

• We are in the middle of an Industry Inflection Point– Shift from proprietary, vendor controlled Virtual Platform models to open,

interoperable, standards based models– The SystemC TLM2 standard has resulted in large scale migration towards

a standards based approach to Virtual Platform creation• Desire to avoid vendor lock-in and maintain tool independence• Need to maintain control of source code for important IP models

• Virtual Platform Solution needed with extensive system-level debug and analysis to help find the root cause of difficult functional, performance, and power issues

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Virtual Platforms for Embedded Software Development

• Instruction Accurate software model of hardware system

• Full programmers view of design

• Runs unmodified target code

• Runs very fast (many faster than real-time)

• Available 6-12 months before silicon or boards

• Enables early integration of hardware and software, improves quality

• Provides insight into performance bottlenecks, architectural analysis

• Easy to distribute to many users

• Instruction Accurate software model of hardware system

• Full programmers view of design

• Runs unmodified target code

• Runs very fast (many faster than real-time)

• Available 6-12 months before silicon or boards

• Enables early integration of hardware and software, improves quality

• Provides insight into performance bottlenecks, architectural analysis

• Easy to distribute to many users

Controllability, Observability, Repeatability

April 10, 2023 Cadence Confidential: Shared under NDA only7

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Tool Limitations Today

Do not solve System Complexity or Debugging CrisisNone have enough knowledge of both hardware and software stack

Most do not have enough performance to simulate full system

Outdated technology with poor performanceProcessor models take too long to create and are not fast enough

Vendors asking as much as $1M for models that do not have state-of-the-art performance

Missing Model SyndromeProprietary systems put all the pressure on the vendor to provide all needed models, vendors

did not allow users to change modelsUsers are less interested to do model creation for closed system, limited benefit for the work

Limits 3rd party ecosystem of model providers

Unconnected to implementation, disconnected from actual design flowSimulator does not support connections to other models such as RTL simulation

Understaffed side projects producing throw away models

Adhoc / Limited Scope SolutionsArchitectural trade-off market is too small

Software Engineering-only solution also is too smallMust address System Debugging and Verification Problem to provide real value

Outline

• The Future: Systems of Systems


The Emerging IT Scene!

Infrastructuralcore

Sensory swarm

Mobileaccess

Courtesy: J. Rabaey© Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved.10

Predictions

• 5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN)• The emergence of Web2.0

– The “always connected” community network

• 7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017(Source: WirelessWorldResearchForum (WWRF)

– 1000 wireless devices per person?(Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia)


Web 2.0 on wheels

Emergence of the mobile internet

– Internet accesses from mobile devices skyrocketing

– Mobile devices outnumber

PCs by 5:1

– 1. 5 million devices/day (Nokia)

– Redefining the mobile market: Google, Apple, Nokia, Microsoft, Intel, IBM, etc.

– Open source computing: Symbian Foundation, Android, Linux

Sensing and communication suite

– GSM, GPRS, WiFi, bluetooth, infrared

– GPS, accelerometer, light sensor, camera, microphone

Smartphones and Web 2.0

– Context awareness

– Sensing based user generated content

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0 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 0201 03 04 05 07

1 billion

2 billion

3 billion3.3 billion mobile

device subscriptions

worldwide in 2007

[Courtesy J. Shen, Nokia Research Center Palo Alto]

Real-time online system which provides• Highway traffic for Northern California • Arterial traffic for Northern California• Noise exposure in urban environments• Air quality in urban environments• More…

Mobile Millennium tomorrow

Floating sensor networko Summer 2011: deployment of

100 floating / submersible units in the San Francisco Bay / Sacramento Delta

o All units include GSM (soon: Android), GPS, linux gumstix, Zigbee, water quality sensor platform

o Interfaced with static sensor infrastructure in the Delta

Digital Short RangeV2V communication

The refuse-to-collide car!

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[Sources: National Institutes of Health, Neurology journal][Lebedev, SA, 2006]

[ Nicolelis, Nature, 2001]

Brain-Machine InterfacesThe Application of Neuroscience

• BMI – The instrumentation of neuroscience• Learning about operation of the brain• Enabling advanced prosthetics

– Estimated population 200,000 people in the US – 11,000 new cases in the US every year

• Enabling innovative human-machine interfaces

© Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved.

[Illustration art: Subbu Venkatraman] Power budget: mWs to 1 mW

Moving the state-of-the-artin wireless sensing

ADCLNA

electrodes

DSP

memory

Tx

regulator

clock

Towards Integrated WirelessImplanted Interfaces


Why so UGLY? Is it Substantially Different than Before?

Complex Interconnections Among Components

• HETEROGENEITY– Components do not necessarily

have mathematically similarstructures and may involvedifferent scales in time or space

• SIZE– The number of components

may be large/enormous• DISTRIBUTED NETWORKED

SYSTEMS– Components can be connected in

a variety of ways, most often nonlinearly and/or via a network.– Local and system wide phenomena may depend on each other in complicated ways

• EMERGING BEHAVIOR IN COMPOSITION– Overall system behavior can be difficult to predict from the behavior of individual

components.– May evolve along qualitatively different pathways that may display great sensitivity

to small perturbations at any stage

* D.L. Brown, J. Bell, D. Estep, W. Gropp, B. Hendrickson, S. Keller-McNulty, D. Keyes, J. T. Oden and L. Petzold, Appled Mathematics at the U.S. Department of Energy: Past,

Present and a View to the Future, DOE Report, LLNL-TR-401536, May 2008.


Outline

• Needed Methodologies and Tools



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To Enable Success…

We need an integration platform • To deal with heterogeneity:

– Where we can deal with Hardware and Software– Where we can mix digital and analog, cyber and physical– Where we can assemble internal and external IPs– Where we can work at different levels of abstraction

• To handle the design chain• To support integration

– Tool integration– IP integration

The integration platform must subsume the traditional design flow, rather than displacing it


Abstractions ToolsMethodologies

(Freedom from Choice)

How did we cope with Complexity in theVLSI Era?


Plug and Pray!

Plug and Play Or


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Texas Instruments OMAP


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The Platform Concept

• Meet-in-the-middle structured methodology that limits the space of exploration, yet achieves good results in limited time

• A formal mechanism for identifying the most critical hand-off points in the design chain

• A method for design re-use at all abstraction levels

An intellectual framework for the complete engineering design process!


Platform-Based Design

• Platform: library of resources defining an abstraction layer– Resources do contain virtual components i.e., place holders that will

be customized in the implementation phase to meet constraints– Very important resources are interconnections and communication

protocols


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The Design SCIENCE Dilemma

Raffaello Sanzio, The Athens School

The Way Forward• Electronic and System Industry facing an array of complex problems from design to manufacturing involving complexity, power, reliability, re-configurability, integration, embedded software• Design Methods and Tools lacking: active research field• Innovation of this magnitude is difficult to achieve • Collaboration is needed between governments, IC, and system industry, otherwise the situation is bound to become more critical. Not an issue of languages or point tools!

The Way Forward• Electronic Industry facing an array of complex problems from design to manufacturing involving complexity, power, reliability, reconfigurability, integration, embedded software• Design Methods and Tools lacking: active research field• EDA vendors have to extend their reach into the system space• Innovation of this magnitude is difficult to achieve • Collaboration is needed between government, IC, and system industry, otherwise the situation is bound to become more critical. Not an issue of languages or point tools!

Collaborate to Innovate

Educational Challenge
