please forwad in 8 kàv¡$çbf 2020 —& d„nmhpf—& jain group o ... · 1 8 kàv¡$çbf 2020...
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1 8 kàV¡$çbf 2020 —& d„Nmhpf—&
d„Nmhpf sp. 8 kàV¡$çbf$ 2020 l s„Óu : Ar“g Np„^u l$ ‘p“p„ : 8 l$ cpÖ‘v$ L©$. ‘n- 6 l$ www. gmkindia.com
dy„bC’u âNV$ ’sy„ S>¥“p¡“y„ ÅZusy„-dp“usy„ v$¥r“L
Jainachar
Please forwad in Jain Group
Zdp¡ Aqfl„spZ„ - Zdp¡ rkÙpZ„ - Zdp¡ ApeqfepZ„ - Zdp¡ DhÄTpepZ„ - Zdp¡ gp¡A¡ kìhkplŸZ„A¡kp¡ ‘„Q Zdp¡L$pfp¡ kìh‘ph‘ZpkZp¡. d„NgpZ„Q kìh¡ku ‘Y$d„ lhC d„Ngd
(A“yk„^p“ buÅ ‘p“¡)
For detail Contact: 9619 16 0611/ 9323 80 4751
O¡ZmMma
AQgNÃR>“p Crslpkdp„ NyZfГ k„hÐkf s‘ L$f“pf â’d îprhL$p Th¡fbl¡“ Npgp“p¡ ‘pfZp„ bpv$ v$¡lÐepN
Ndsy„ b^y„ S> dm¡ A¡hy„ ‘yÎe i¼e “’u... ‘Z S>¡ dm¡ A¡
Nd¡ A¡hu kdS> S>êf i¼e R>¡ : ApQpe® rhS>efpS>fÐ_k|qf
cpjp ‘pk¡ A¡L$ Av¹$bys L$fpds A¡ lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ iåv$ A¡“p¡ A¡ S> - A¡L$ S> lp¡e, R>sp„ A¡“p A’®dp„ Apkdp“-S>du““p¡ saphs lp¡e. Dv$plfZê‘¡ Ap‘Z¡ A¡L$ iåv$ r“lpmuA¡ 'cph'. Ap 'cph' iåv$ Å¡ bÅfdp„ ̂ „^pL$ue hpsdp„ bp¡gpsp¡ lp¡e sp¡ A¡“p¡ A’® spe qL»$ds. ‘f„sy A¡ S> 'cph' iåv$ Å¡ âcy“p d„qv$fdp„ - ^d®õ’p“dp„ L$p¡C ìer¼s A„N¡ bp¡gpsp¡lp¡e sp¡ A¡“p¡ ’B Åe R>¡ s¡ ìer¼s“u iyc rhQpf^pfp.
Ap buÅ A’®k„v$c®dp„ S> A¡L$ âp’®“p‘„r¼sdp„ blº dp¡V$u hps gMpC R>¡ L¡$
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2 8 kàV¡$çbf 2020 —& d„Nmhpf—&
¡ Ap‘“p rhõspf“p ^prd®L$, kpdprS>L$, i¥nrZL$
kdpQpf A“¡ Ål¡fpsp¡. hpµV¹$kA¡‘ A’hp
C-d¡Cg Üpfp dp¡L$ghp. ¡ s‘õhuAp¡“¡ ‘Z s¡d“p
ap¡V$p dp¡L$gphp rh“„su S>¡ äudp„ R>p‘hpdp„ Aphi¡.
k„‘L®$ :- S>¥“pQpf: 9619160611 / 9323804751.
E-mail: [email protected] /
www. gmkindia.com
'cph¡ L¡$hg“pZ'. dsgb L¡$ iycc rhQpf^pfp’u sp¡ L¡$hgoppp“ S>¡hu. AÝepÐdS>Ns“u khp£ÃQ D‘g[å^ ‘Z ’B iL¡$ R>¡. Apd, 'cph' “pd¡ iåv$ A¡L$ A“¡ A¡“p A’®OV$“ AgN AgN ’ep. Aphu S> L$fpds AÞe A“¡L$ iåv$p¡dp„ r“lpmu iL$pe R>¡. S>¡d A¡L$ iåv$“p AgN AgN A’® ’pe, s¡d A¡L$ iåv$ kp’¡ AgN AgN Anf Å¡X$hp’u ‘Z AgN AgN A’p£ âNV$¡. Aphp¡, Ap‘Z¡ 'cph' iåv$ kp’¡ S> Qpf AgN Anf Å¡X$u“¡ Ly$g Qpf g¡Mp¡ Üpfp Qpf kfk dÅ“u â¡fL$ rhQpfZp L$fuA¡: (1) A-cph“u Örô “ Å¡BA¡: Acph“u Örô A¡V$g¡ '‘p¡sp“¡ iy„ dþey„ R>¡' A¡ “rl, 'iy„ “’u dþey„' A¡ S> d“dp„ O|„V$ep L$fhp“u rhQpfi¥gu. Aphu rhQpfi¥gu ^fph“pf ‘f dõs L$V$pn L$fsp„ A¡L$ kyhp¼e S>Zph¡ R>¡ L¡$ 'ApL$piu spfp “’u dþep“y„ rhQpfu“¡ fX$ep L$fip¡ sp¡ sdpfu kph bpSy>dp„ S> Mug¡gp„ ‘yó‘p¡“u kyhpk dpZhp“y„ Q|L$u S>ip¡.' A-cph“u Örô Ap S> L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡ dþey„ R>¡ A¡“¡ dpZhy„ “rl A“¡ S>¡ “’u dþey„ A¡“p dpV$¡ hgp¡‘ps L$fhp¡. A-cphÖrô“p¡ cp¡N b“¡g ìer¼s buÅ“p¡ ãg¡V$ Å¡B“¡ rhQpfi¡ L¡$ 'Ap“¡ ãg¡V$ dþep¡ R>¡ “¡ d“¡ “’u dþep¡. dpfy„ L¡$ L$d“kub S> R>¡.' lh¡ Å¡ ãg¡V$ dþep¡ li¡ sp¡ A¡ rhQpfi¡ L¡$ 'ãg¡V$ cg¡ R>¡, ‘Z 'L$pf'“’u A¡“y„ iy„ ? dpfp rdÓ ‘pk¡ sp¡ h¥chu 'L$pf' R>¡.' lh¡ ^pfp¡ L¡$ A¡“u ‘pk¡ ãg¡V$-L$pf hN¡f¡ k„‘rÑ“y„ kyM li¡ A“¡ k„srs“y„ kyM “rl lp¡e sp¡ A¡ rhQpfi¡ L¡$ 'k„sp“ rh“p“u-hpfkv$pf rh“p“u k„‘rÑ“¡ L$fhp“u iy„ ? dpV$¡ k„sp“ sp¡ Å¡BA¡ S>.' lSy> A¡L$ ‘Ngy„ ApNm.
‘yÓ li¡, ‘Z A¡ Å¡ L$iu S> AphX$s rh“p“p¡-lp¢riepfu rh“p“p¡ li¡ A¡L$ ‘Ngy„ ApNm. ‘yÓ li¡, ‘Z A¡ Å¡ L$iu S> AphX$s rh“p“p¡- lp¢riepfu rh“p“p¡ li¡ sp¡ e ìer¼s Æh bpmi¡ L¡$ 'Ap AphX$s rh“p“p¡ - Bˆ>s“p ^ÅNfp L$f¡ A¡hp¡ v$uL$fp¡ ip L$pd“p¡ ? ‘yÓ sp¡ lp¢riepf S> Å¡BA¡.' V|$„L$dp„, A¡L$ D‘g[å^ ‘R>u ‘Z A¡“u “S>f sp¡ A-cph sfa S> W$fhp“u. AÞep¡“u A‘¡npA¡ OÏ„ rhi¡j dþep ‘R>u e AcphÖrô ^fph“pf ìer¼s L¡$hu v$y:Mu-fX$su fl¡ A¡ ÅZhy„ R>¡ ? sp¡ hp„Qp¡ Ap dprd®L$ âk„NL$’p:
A¡L$ cpC“¡ Ly$v$fs¡ Mp¡b¡Mp¡b¡ k„‘rÑ Ap‘u lsu. R>sp„ A¡d“u Örô-rhQpfi¥gu l„d¡ip “L$pfpÐdL$ lsu - Acph“u lsu. A¡d“¡ Ap kÐe lSy> ky^u L$p¡BA¡ kdÅìey„ “ lsy„ L¡$ 'ìer¼s Ðep„ ky^u S> Ås“¡ QqX$epsu dp“u iL¡$ R>¡ L¡$ Äep„ ky^u A¡Z¡ ‘p¡sp“u D‘f“p õsf“u ìer¼s“y„ kyM kp-dÕe® r“lpþey„ “’u. dpV$¡ Mf¡Mf kyMu b“hy„ lp¡e A¡Z¡ D‘f “S>f L$ep® rh“p ‘p¡sp“u Ahõ’pdp„ k„syô fl¡hy„ Å¡BA¡.' Ap’u A¡ l„d¡ip Ngs fus¡ kfMpdZu L$fu v$y:Mu-r“fpi fl¡sp. A¡L$ hpf A¡dZ¡ ÓZ dS>gp“p¡ b„Ngp¡ b“phhp“y„ iê L$ey¯.
Å¡sÅ¡spdp„ A¡dZ¡ b„Ngp¡ A¡hp¡ b“phu v$u^p¡ L¡$ ‘|fp Npddp„ A¡“u L$p¡C bfpbfu L$fu “ iL¡$. A¡ cìe b„Ngpdp„ KQpdp„ KQu AÛs“ kyrh^pAp¡ lsu. ‘l¡guhpf A¡hy„ bÞey„ L¡$ b„Ngp“p„ L$pfZ¡ cpC“p Ql¡fp ‘f Myiu-Nh® R>hpe¡gp¡ füp¡. S>¡V$gp ‘Z õhS>“p¡-dygpL$psuAp¡ Aph¡ A¡d“¡ A¡ ‘p¡sp“u 'ArÜsue' b„Ngp“u A¡L¡$L$ rhi¡jsp g„bpZ’u kdÅh¡. A¡ cpC A¡L$ k„s“¡ Nyfy dp“sp.k„s cpC“p õhcph’u ‘qfrQs lsp. b„Ngp¡ bÞep“p ’p¡X$p kde bpv$ s¡Ap¡ cpC“p Of¡
‘^pep®. cr¼scph hN¡f¡ sp¡ bfpbf lsp. ‘f„sy k„s¡ d“p¡d“ “p¢Ýey„ L¡$ 'kp„cþey„ lsy„ A¡ âdpZ¡ cpC“¡ b„Ngp¡ b“pìep“p¡ lj® ‘Z “’u v$¡Mpsp¡ L¡$ b„Ngp“u rhi¡jsp bsphhp“p¡ DdmL$p¡ e “’u v$¡Mpsp¡ ! kp„S>¡ hpshpsdp„ k„s¡ L$pfZ ‘|R>ey„ Ðepf¡ rMß ’B Ne¡g cpC L$p„C bp¡ëep rh“p k„s“¡ b„Ngp“u ANpiudp„ gB Nep A“¡ ’p¡X¡$ v$|f Ap„Nmu Q]^sp bp¡ëep: 'Sy>Ap¡, kpd¡ ‘p„Q dS>gp“u Ars cìe lh¡gu b“u flu R>¡ A“¡ A¡dp„ dpfp b„Ngp L$fsp„ e A¡L$v$d 'A¡L$õV²$p Ap¡X$}“fu' kyrh^pAp¡ Aphhp“u R>¡.
Äepf’u d¢ Ap ÅÎey„ R>¡ Ðepf’u dpfu b^u Myiu Msd ’B NB R>¡. A¡“u kpd¡dpfu kyrh^pAp¡ A“¡ cìesp L$p„C “’u. sp¡ lh¡ iy„ bsphu“¡ Np¥fh g¡hy„ ?'' k„s kdÆ Nep L¡$ Ap A¡“u AcphÖrô“y„ - Ap¡R>‘ S> Np¡shp“u Apv$s“y„ ‘qfZpd R>¡ S>¡ A¡“¡ OZu b^u âprá ‘R>u ‘Z v$y:Mu-fX$sp¡ S> fpM¡ R>¡..A¡L$ L$pìe‘„r¼sdp„ Ap’u S> kfk hps gMpC R>¡ L¡$: Aakp¡k“¡ Apk“ L$v$u “ Ap‘ip¡, “rl sp¡ S>¡ R>¡ A¡“p¡ Ap“„v$ ‘Z Qpëep¡S>i¡...
Aakp¡k“¡ A„sfdp„ Apkp“ “ Ap‘hy„ lp¡e sp¡ A-cphÖrô“¡ d|mdp„’u bv$gu v$¡hu Å¡BA¡ A“¡ S>¡ dþey„ R>¡ A¡“u rhi¡jsp 'A¡ÞgpS>®' L$fu Myiu dpZhu Å¡BA¡. A¡L$ õ’m¡ Ap“„v$“u blº dprd®L$ ìep¿ep L$fpC R>¡ L¡$ 'Ap“„v$ A¡V$g¡ lp’hNp awgp¡dp„’u NS>fp¡ b“phhp“u L$mp' Aphu L$mp S>¡“¡ lp’hNu ’B lp¡e A¡ ìer¼s ‘pk¡ kpdpÞe D‘g[å^ li¡ sp¡ e A¡ A¡dp„’u Ap“„v$“y„ AhsfZ L$fi¡. Dv$plfZê‘¡, A¡“u ‘pk¡ kyrh^pkˆ> ãg¡V$ “rl lp¡e sp¡ A¡ A¡d rhQpfi¡ L¡$ 'dpfu S>êqfeps k„sp¡jpC Åe A¡hy„ cg¡ “p“y„‘Z ‘p¡suLy„$ Of sp¡ R>¡. S>¡Ap¡ cpX$p“p Ofdp„ flu hpf„hpf Of bv$gsp
fl¡ A¡“p L$fsp„ sp¡ lº„ gpM v$fˆ>¡ kyMu Ry>„...' A¡“¡ L$p¡C k„sp“ “rl lp¡e sp¡ A¡ A¡“pp dpV$¡ fp¡S>“p„ fp¡v$Zp„ fX$hp“p bv$g¡ A¡d rhQpfi¡ L¡$ 'cg¡ dpfp„ Æh“dp„ k„sp“kyM “ lp¡e. ‘f„sy d“¡ kyiug ‘Ð_u sp¡ dmu R>¡. A¡hp L¡$V$gpe dp“hp¡ R>¡ S>¡“¡ L$L®$ip-L„$L$pkMp¡f ‘Ð_u“p¡ ‘“pfp¡ ‘X$ep¡ lp¡hp’u kss Aip„rs S> fl¡ R>¡ A“¡ v$uL$fpAp¡ L$pbydp„ “ lp¡hp’u r“Ðe“u l¥eplp¡mu lp¡e R>¡. A¡“p L$fsp„ Ap dpfy„ ip„s Æh“ lÅfNÏ„ kfk R>¡.' Aphp¡ ArcNd ìer¼s“¡ cusf’u L¡$hu Ap“„v$kˆ> fpM¡ A¡ ÅZhy„ lp¡e sp¡ hp„Qp¡ Ap “p“L$X$u dÅ“u hps:
frie“ tQsL$ guAp¡ V$p¡ëõV$p¡e A¡L$ hpf r“S>®“ âv$¡idp„ c|gp ‘X$u Nep. v$|f v$|f T|„‘X$u S>¡hy„ v$¡Mpsp A¡ dlpdl¡“s¡ Ðep„ ‘lp¢Ãep. T|„‘X$udp„ Ðepf¡ dpÓ v$i-bpf hj®“u A¡L$ bprgL$p S> lsu. ‘f„sy A¡ k„õL$pfu lsu A¡’u A¡Z¡ AphL$pf Ap‘u b¡khp“y„ L$üy„. T|„‘X$u A¡hp v$qfÖ“u lsu L¡$ b¡khp dpV$¡ Myfiu sp¡ W$uL$, QV$pC ‘Z Ðep„ “ lsu. Ap’u V$p¡gõV$p¡e“p„ dyMdp„’u klkp iåv$p¡ kfu ‘X$ep L¡$ 'blº Nfub Of gpN¡ R>¡.
' Å¡ L¡$, bp¡ghpdp„ Dsphm¡ Q|L$ ’ep“y„ kdÆ A¡dZ¡ sfs 'kp¡fu' L$üy„. ‘f„sy ‘¡gu bprmL$pA¡ kph rh-gnZ hps L$fu: 'lº„ dp“y„ Ry>„ L¡$ AÐepf¡ Ap Of friep“y„ kp¥’u îud„s Of R>¡.' 'L¡$d ?' V$p¡gõV$p¡e¡ ApíQe®’u ‘|R>ey„. 'L$pfZ L¡$ AÐepf¡ Ap Ofdp„ friep“p kp¥’u dlp“ sÒhtQsL$ D‘[õ’s R>¡. dpV$¡ A¡ friep“y„ îud„s Of R>¡ ?' V$p¡ëõV$p¡e S>¡hp“¡ Apäu“ L$fu v$¡“pf Ap DÑf, lp’hNp azgp¡dp„’u NS>fp¡ b“phu v$¡hp“u L$mp“p¡ Ûp¡sL$ R>¡.
R>¡‰¡ A¡L$ hps : Qpüy„ lp¡e s¡ b ŷ„S> dm¡ A¡hy„ ‘yÎe Ap‘Zp lp’“u hps“’u, ‘f„sy S>¡ dm¡ A¡dp„ k„sp¡ju fl¡hp“u kdS> Ap‘Zp lp’“u hps R>¡.
v$¥r“L$äu
cpfs- dy„bC’u âL$pris ’sy„ S>¥“p¡“y„ ‘p¡sp“y„ "S>¥“pQpf' v$¥r“L$ fp¡S> r“erds d¡mhhp Ap‘“p¡ dp¡bpCg “„bf, Ap‘“y„ “pd, il¡f“y„ “pd a¼s Whatsapp L$fhy„
93217 89351
Ndsy„ b^y„ S>...(‘l¡gp ‘p“p“y„ Qpgy)
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3 8 kàV¡$çbf 2020 —& d„Nmhpf—&
rlÞvy$
dfZ“p¢^
S>¥“îu Op¡Opfu v$ip îudpmu
(dy„bCNfp ) oprs Ly$L$X$ (by^¡g) r“hpku
lpg OpV$L$p¡‘f Qud“gpg ÓuL$dgpg bv$Xy$L$ (ipl), D.h.87, sp. 7-9-2020 kp¡dhpf“p fp¡S> Aqfl„sifZ ‘pd¡g R>¡. s¡ rhdmpb¡““p ‘rs, s¡ cph¡i, Q¡s“, cph“p ep¡N¡iLy$dpf apaX$uep (dl¡sp), ip¡c“p i¡g¡jLy$dpf ipl“p r‘spîu, s¡dS> ‘pêg, AëL$p“p kkfp, õh. Cðfgpg, õh. A“ugcpC“p “p“p cpC, ðkyf ‘n¡ cNhp“v$pk, õh. L$p„sucpC s’p ip„sucpC kfh¥ep, õh. rhS>epb¡“ fsugpg i¡W$, õh. S>¡Ly$fb¡“ fdZuL$gpg i¡W$“p b“¡hu, de„L$, L$hui, dus, b„kfu“p v$pv$p, ê‘¡i, qv$ip, ÆNf, ^hg“p “p“p, gp¥qL$L$ ìehlpf b„^ fpM¡g R>¡. A¡X²¡$k: A¡-602, q¾$õV$g duX$ V$pD“ “„-1, N„NphpX$u, A¡g.bu.A¡k. dpN®, OpV$L$p¡‘f-h¡õV$, dy„bC-86.
îu Op¡Opfurhip îudpmu
kphfLy„$X$gp r“hpku (lpg L$p„qv$hgu) CÃR>pb¡“ L$p„rsgpg v$p¡iu“p ‘yÓ rQ. qv$‘L$cpC (J. h. 66) sp. 6-9-20 frhhpf“p fp¡S> Aqfl„sifZ ‘pd¡g R>¡ s¡Ap¡ hjp®b¡““p ‘rs, fus¡i, A. kp¥. iusg, Aprij, A. kp¥. cprhL$p, A. kp¥. ‘peg r“g¡iLy$dpf“p
r‘spîu, qL$fuV$cpC, õh. Ly$dpfcpC, dl¡icpC, âv$u‘cpC, “ug¡icpC, ‘pfk-cpC, Q¡s“pb¡“ rS>s¡ÞÖLy$dpf ipl, cph“pb¡“ AfyZLy$dpf ipl“p cpC, ðkyf ‘n¡ ÆhfpS>cpC QÓcyS>cpC v$p¡iu (ANsfuephpmp)“p S>dpC, L$pìe, cìe, rlsp„iu, Ar“lp, âpQu, sn“p v$pv$p. gp¥. ìe. b„^ fpM¡g R>¡. W¡$ - bu-37, h ®̂dp“ Ly$qV$f, i„L$fg¡“, L$p„qv$hgu (h¡.), dy„bC-400 067.
L$‘p¡m dfZQgpgphpmp lpg Åafpbp
r“hpku õh. h°S>gpg QÓcyS> dl¡sp s’p õh. gpcyb¡““p ‘yÓ L$“¥epgpg (D.h.93) sp. 6-9-2020“p fp¡S> îuÆQfZ ‘pçep R>¡. s¡ õh. ‘Úpb¡““p ‘rs, cfscpC, fd¡icpB, d¡O“p s’p õh. ÆsycpC“p r‘spîu, õh. ÓuL$dgpg h°S>gpg dl¡sp s’p âcpb¡“ ipdmv$pk bykp“p cpC, s¡ î¡ek, õ“¡lp“p v$pv$p, s¡ QÓcyS> dp¡l“v$pk k„Ohu“p S>dpC, s¡ âMf“p hX$v$pv$p, âp’®“pkcp s’p kh® gp¥qL$L$ â’p b„^ fpM¡g R>¡. X$p¸. fd¡i L¡$. dl¡sp-9725872168, ap¡“ L$fhp“p¡ kde kp„S>¡ 7 ’u 9.
L$ÃR>u kpfõhs å°ppûZA.kp¥. Å¡iu A“kyep
â¡dkpNf lfuep dpZ¡L$, D.h. 65, lpg¡ dygy„X$, sp. 5-9-2020“p fpdifZ ‘pd¡g R>¡. s¡ õh. Ad©sb¡“ ApÐdpfpd lfuepdpZ¡L$, dp„X$huhpmp“u
‘yÓh^y, s¡ õh. BÞv$yb¡“ dp¡l“gpg Qlºd„v$fp, L$ÃR> L$p¡W$pfp hp„Ly$hpmp“u ky‘yÓu, â¡dkpNf ApÐdpfpd lqfepdpZ¡L$“p ^d®‘Ð_u, s¡ rQ. L$r‘g A“¡ rQ. syjpf“p dpsyîu, s¡ A.kp¥. îÙp A“¡ A.kp¥. sÞhu“p kp-kydp, s¡ cpN®h, h¥óZhu, L$pìep A“¡ fuiuL$p“p v$pv$udp, s¡ A.kp¥. ddsp qL$ip¡f k¡’‘pf (cyS>), L$dg¡i dp¡l“gpg Qlºd„v$fp (dygy„X$)“p dp¡V$p bl¡“, s¡ õh. qL$ip¡fcpC, cpõL$fcpC, ersicpC, Æs¡ÞÖcpC, N„.õh. CÞv$ufpb¡“, N„.õh. dpepb¡“, A.kp¥. L$ë‘“pb¡““p cpcu, s¡ õh. gÿdubpC fOy“p’ õs“¡ðf syZphpmp“u v$p¡rlÓu, lpg“u ‘qf[õ’rs A“ygnu“¡ gp¥qL$L$ ìehlpf b„^ fpM¡g R>¡.
rlÞvy$ d¡OhpmNpd QyX$p lpg ârsnp“Nf
îu rhîpd MudÆ hpO¡gp (J. h. 69) sp. 1-9-20 d„Nmhpf“p fp¡S> Ahkp“ ‘pd¡g R>¡ s¡ dp¡subpC s’p õh. MudÆ hufp hpO¡gp“p ‘yÓ, ipÞspb¡““p ‘rs, ‘yó‘p, S>ep, dyL¡$i, ârhZ“p r‘spîu, fpdÆbpC s’p N„. õh. â¡rdgpb¡“ hpgÆ fpcqX$ep“p cpC, õh. Æhubpu s’p õh. rhîpd buS>g Np¡rlg“p S>dpC, dl¡icpC, dp¡l“cpC, õh. rbr‘“cpC s’p gugpb¡“ “pfZcpC riZp¡g“p b“¡hu, Nuspb¡““p kkfp, iip„L$, ârsL$“p dp¡V$p bp‘yÆ. gp¥. ìe. b„^ fpM¡g R>¡. Of¡ Aphhp“u sõv$u g¡hu “l].
cpfs“p v$f¡L$ rhõspfdp„ S>¥“pQpf“p L$pd dpV¡¡$ A¡S>ÞV$ cpCAp¡ s¡d S> bl¡“p¡ Å¡CA¡ R>¡. drl“¡ 60,000/- ky^u
L$dphhp“u kyhZ® sL$."hl¡gp s¡ ‘l¡gp'.
A¡S>ÞV$ b“hp A“¡ L$dphhp dpV¡$ ê.1100/-“u Ål¡fps afrS>eps Ap‘hp“u fl¡i¡.
Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p v$f¡L¡$ b¡ N°plL$p¡ Ap‘hp“p
fl¡i¡. h^y rhNs www.jainachar.in / jainachar.com Email : [email protected] /
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ID PROOF dpV¡$ ‘¡“L$pX®$ - Ap^pfL$pX®$ A“¡ INCOM d¡mhhp Ap‘“u b¢L$ qX$V¡$g dp¡L$gph“u fl¡i¡
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4 8 kàV¡$çbf 2020 —& d„Nmhpf—&
v$¥r“L$ fp¡S> b‘p¡f¡ 12 hpÁe¡
ârkÙ ’i¡. b‘p¡f¡ 12 hpÁep ‘l¡gp“p
spÅ kdpQpf - dfZ“p¢^ A“¡ Ål¡fpsp¡
s¡ S> qv$hk¡ g¡hpdp„ Aphi¡.
S>e rS>“¡ÞÖEmail : [email protected]
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bfp¡X$pdp„ cpX$p“u AphL$ kp’¡“u âp¡‘V$} Mfuv$hp s’p ãg¡V$, ip¡‘,
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Friendship essentially involves a
distinctive kind of concern for your
friend, a concern which might rea-
sonably be understood as a kind of
love. Philosophers from the ancient
Greeks on have traditionally dis-
tinguished three notions that can
properly be called love: agape, eros,
and philia. Agape is a kind of love
that does not respond to the ante-
cedent value of its object but in-
stead is thought to create value in
the beloved; it has come through
the Christian tradition to mean the
sort of love God has for us persons
as well as, by extension, our love for
God and our love for humankind
in general. By contrast, eros and
philia are generally understood to
be responsive to the merits of their
objects—to the beloved’s properties,
especially his goodness or beauty.
! e di" erence is that eros is a kind
of passionate desire for an object,
typically sexual in nature, whereas
‘philia’ originally meant a kind of af-
fectionate regard or friendly feeling
towards not just one’s friends but
also possibly towards family mem-
bers, business partners, and one’s
country at large (Liddell et al., 1940;
Cooper, 1977a). Given this classi# -
cation of kinds of love, philia seems
to be that which is most clearly rele-
vant to friendship (though just what
philia amounts to needs to be clari-
# ed in more detail).
For this reason, love and friend-
ship o$ en get lumped together as
a single topic; nonetheless, there
are signi# cant di" erences between
them. As understood here, love is
an evaluative attitude directed at
particular persons as such, an atti-
tude which we might take towards
someone whether or not that love
is reciprocated and whether or not
we have an established relation-
ship with her.[1] Friendship, by
contrast, is essentially a kind of re-
lationship grounded in a particular
kind of special concern each has for
the other as the person she is; and
whereas we must make conceptual
room for the idea of unrequited
love, unrequited friendship is sense-
less. Consequently, accounts of
friendship tend to understand it not
merely as a case of reciprocal love of
some form (together with mutual
acknowledgment of this love), but
as essentially involving signi# cant
interactions between the friends—
as being in this sense a certain kind
of relationship.
Nonetheless, questions can be
raised about precisely how to dis-
tinguish romantic relationships,
grounded in eros, from relation-
ships of friendship, grounded in
philia, insofar as each involves sig-
ni# cant interactions between the
involved parties that stem from a
kind of reciprocal love that is re-
sponsive to merit. Clearly the two
di" er insofar as romantic love nor-
mally has a kind of sexual involve-
ment that friendship lacks; yet, as
! omas (1989) asks, is that enough
to explain the real di" erences be-
tween them? Badhwar (2003, 65–
66) seems to think so, claiming
that the sexual involvement enters
into romantic love in part through
a passion and yearning for physical
union, whereas friendship involves
instead a desire for a more psycho-
logical identi# cation. Yet it is not
clear exactly how to understand
this: precisely what kind of “psycho-
logical identi# cation” or intimacy
is characteristic of friendship? (For
further discussion, see Section 1.2.)
In philosophical discussions of
friendship, it is common to follow
Aristotle (Nicomachean Ethics,
Book VIII) in distinguishing three
kinds of friendship: friendships of
pleasure, of utility, and of virtue.
Although it is a bit unclear how to
understand these distinctions, the
basic idea seems to be that pleasure,
utility, and virtue are the reasons we
have in these various kinds of rela-
tionships for loving our friend. ! at
is, I may love my friend because of
the pleasure I get out of her, or be-
cause of the ways in which she is
useful to me, or because I # nd her
to have a virtuous character. Given
the involvement of love in each case,
all three kinds of friendship seem to
involve a concern for your friend
for his sake and not for your own.
! ere is an apparent tension here
between the idea that friendship es-
sentially involves being concerned
for your friend for his sake and the
idea of pleasure and utility friend-
ships: how can you be concerned for
him for his sake if you do that only
because of the pleasure or utility
you get out of it? If you bene# t your
friend because, ultimately, of the
bene# ts you receive, it would seem
that you do not properly love your
friend for his sake, and so your re-
lationship is not fully one of friend-
ship a$ er all. So it looks like plea-
sure and utility friendships are at
best de# cient modes of friendship;
by contrast, virtue friendships, be-
cause they are motivated by the ex-
cellences of your friend’s character,
are genuine, non-de# cient friend-
ships. For this reason, most con-
temporary accounts, by focusing
their attention on the non-de# cient
forms of friendship, ignore pleasure
and utility friendships.[2]
As mentioned in the # rst para-
graph of this section, philia seems
to be the kind of concern for oth-
er persons that is most relevant to
friendship, and the word, ‘philia,’
sometimes gets translated as friend-
ship; yet philia is in some ways im-
portantly di" erent from what we or-
dinarily think of as friendship. ! us,
‘philia’ extends not just to friends
but also to family members, busi-
ness associates, and one’s country
at large. Contemporary accounts of
friendship di" er on whether family
members, in particular one’s chil-
dren before they become adults, can
be friends. Most philosophers think
not, understanding friendship to
be essentially a relationship among
equals; yet some philosophers (such
as Friedman 1989; Rorty 1986/1993;
Badhwar 1987) explicitly intend
their accounts of friendship to in-
clude parent-child relationships,
perhaps through the in% uence of the
historical notion of philia. Nonethe-
less, there do seem to be signi# cant
di" erences between, on the one
hand, parental love and the relation-
ships it generates and, on the other
hand, the love of one’s friends and
the relationships it generates; the fo-
cus here will be on friendship more
narrowly construed.
In philosophical accounts of
friendship, several themes recur
consistently, although various ac-
counts di" er in precisely how they
spell these out. ! ese themes are:
mutual caring (or love), intimacy,
and shared activity; these will be
considered in turn.
! e Nature of Friendship