Please do not take the Cabaret Book. You may download a complete copy at:

www.floridastudiotheatre.org

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Richard Hopkins, Producing Artistic Director

Table of Contents

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Hunter Brown. Photo by Matthew Holler.

What is Cabaret?, page 3A brief history of the artform.

The British Invasion, pages 4-5

Learn about how the artists of the era took the music industry by storm.

Timeline of Events, pages 6-7

Learn about the major events that occured throughout the 1960s and 1970s that influenced the music culture.

Artists of the Era, pages 8-11 Some of the top recording solo artists and groups during the 60s and 70s.

What’s Behind The Songs?, page 12 Every song has a story behind it. Find out some fun facts on how the songs of this era were written.

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It began in Paris on November 18, 1881, the year in which the first and most famous cabaret of all, the Chat Noir (Black Cat), was established. Paris, during what the French like to call the Belle Epoque, was the cultural capital of Europe; the mecca of the arts to which admirers and young hopefuls flocked from one end of Europe to the other, and indeed from still farther away. If something caught on in Paris, the immense reputation of the city as the source of fashion and innovation ensured its rapid diffusion across the continent and beyond.

Besides giving rise to many cabarets in Paris itself, in its own time and after it became history, the Chat Noir also inspired the introduction of cabaret in major cities throughout Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

In the beginning, cabaret arose as an informal grouping of artists - painters, poets, musicians, and theatre people - who felt the need to come together. It was intended as something essentially private. From 1881 to 1917, audiences were made up predominantly of artists, their friends, and a variety of cultural fellow-travellers. In post-World War I Europe, the cabaret ceased to be a novelty and by and large fulfilled its function as a locus of an emerging avant-garde. Cabarets became places of entertainment; their facilities were expanded and enhanced, their doors thrown open to the public.

When developing FST’s Cabaret we took the diverse and rich history of the form to create the atmosphere you see today. Set in a turn-of-the-century Parisian Cafe and offering fresh baked food, the Cabaret is an intimate space for an intimate form of entertainment. Turn-Of-The-Century Cabaret by Harold B. Segel

What is Cabaret?

In

The British Invasion

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Rock ‘n’ roll was born in America. It had its roots in predominately African-American genres: blues, boogie-woogie, rhythm and blues, and jazz. Artists like Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Buddy Holly dominated the popular music scene during the 1950s. They were breaking boundaries, blurring the lines of “white” and “black” music. The youth of that time was beginning to challenge the norm and this spirit led them into the 1960s.

In 1964, The Beatles changed the rock ‘n’ roll music scene forever when they arrived in the The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show.

U.S. and performed on The Ed Sullivan Show. They brought a style known as “beat music”, a fusion of American rock ‘n’ roll and rhythm and blues. It was catchy, easy to dance to, and had lyrics about young love. A sensation known as “Beatlemania” spread across the U.S. and the four lads from Liverpool, England (Paul, John, George, and Ringo) found themselves playing concerts in front of thousands of screaming fans (especially young women). As their popularity grew and grew, more British rock bands began to gain traction on the American charts. This was the beginning of a new movement in American popular music known as The British Invasion.Beatlemania spread across the nation.

The British Invasion

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Alongside The Beatles, there were The Rolling Stones, The Who, The Kinks, and Herman’s Hermits, among others, at the height of popularity. The British Invasion was not defined simply by the arrival of British bands in America – it was a melding of musical styles. The bands from England were inspired by American styles and in return came to influence American artists who came after them. British rock and American rock began to fuse. This new music was harder, more psychedelic, and more topical. The music was no longer just about young love; it was about protesting war, opposing racism, fighting for equality, and celebrating peace.

The Rolling Stones in the recording studio.

“Britannia ruled the airwaves in 1964”

- Rolling Stone Magazine

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1962• Andy Warhol Exhibits His Campbell’s Soup Can• Cuban Missile Crisis• First Person Killed Trying to Cross the Berlin Wall

1963• JFK Assassinated• March on Washington• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Makes His “I Have a Dream” Speech

1965• Los Angeles Riots• Miniskirt First Appears• U.S. Sends Troops to Vietnam

1960 • Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho Released• Lasers Invented• The Birth Control Pill Is Approved by the FDA

TIMELINE OF EVENTS1964• Beatles Become Popular in U.S. prompting the British Invasion• Civil Rights Act Passes in U.S.• Nelson Mandela Sentenced to life in prison

The Million Man March

1961• Berlin Wall Built• Peace Corps Founded• Soviets Launch First Man in Space

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TIMELINE OF EVENTS1967 • First Heart Transplant• First Super Bowl• Thurgood Marshall Becomes the First African-American U.S. Supreme Court Justice

1968 • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated• Robert F. Kennedy assassinated• Tet Offensive launched

1970 • Beatles Break Up• Computer Floppy Disks Introduced• Palestinian Group Hijacks Five Planes

1969• Neil Armstrong Becomes the First Man on the Moon• Woodstock• Sesame Street First Airs

The Million Man March Fans at Woodstock

1966• Mao Zedong Launches the Cultural Revolution• Mass Draft Protests in U.S.• National Organization for Women (NOW) Founded

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ARTISTS OF THE ERAThe Beatles Also known as “The Fab Four,” Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr formed one of the most influential bands of all time and were at the forefront of the British Invasion. They landed at the John F. Kennedy International Airport in 1964, sparking the beginning of Beatlemania in America. Soon after, The Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show and their music swept the nation. They found themselves playing concerts at incredibly large venues, such as Shea Stadium where over 55,000 screaming fans saw them play. Their music evolved from their early beat-based rock ‘n’ roll to pop ballads to psychedelic rock from 1960 until 1970 when the band broke up. To this day, The Beatles are recognized as the best-selling music artist in America.

The Beatles

The Rolling Stones Highly influenced by American artists such as Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and Fats Domino, The Rolling Stones were seen as the “bad boys” of the British Invasion, fusing British Rock with American rhythm and blues. Their attitude, sex symbol status, and irreverence were integral to the formation of the image of rock ‘n’ roll. The Rolling Stones continue making music and touring today, with a number of their world tours being some of the highest grossing concert tours of all time.

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ARTISTS OF THE ERA

The Rolling Stones

The WhoThe band was highly influential and they were famous for Pete Townshend’s guitar showmanship, including the windmill style strumming and the smashing of guitars. The Who were the only British Invasion band to play at the historic Woodstock festival, a monumental 3-day music and art festival. Some of their most popular albums are My Generation, The Who Sell Out, the rock opera Tommy (made into a film in 1975 and a Broadway musical in 1993), Who’s Next, and Quadrophenia. The Who

ARTISTS OF THE ERA

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Herman’s Hermits Rivaling even The Beatles on the American charts during the mid-sixties, Herman’s Hermits was a young band featuring boys with a clean-cut, harmless image. They had a string of hits from 1965 to 1968 including: “I’m Into Something Good,” “Mrs. Brown, You’ve Got a Lovely Daughter,” “Can’t You Hear My Heart Beat,” and “Henry VIII, I Am.”

Herman’s Hermits

Cat Stevens The British Invasion of the sixties opened the door for other artists from across the pond to gain popularity in America. Singer-songwriter Cat Stevens already had a large following in the U.K. before topping the charts in the U.S. His album Catch Bull at Four hit number one on the U.S. charts in 1972, establishing Cat Stevens as a major force of the folk-rock scene in America.

Cat Stevens

ARTISTS OF THE ERA

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The Hollies Known for their signature three-part harmonies, The Hollies were a pop/rock group that gained popularity in America with the hit song “Bus Stop” in 1966, making them one of the later arrivals in the British Invasion. They are one of the few British bands from the sixties that never officially broke up and continue to play together today.

The KinksBrothers Dave Davies and Ray Davies formed The Kinks in 1963 with their music being influenced by a wide variety of musical genres. The Kinks were notorious for being troublemakers. Turmoil among members of the band led to on-stage altercations including an infamous incident at Cardiff ’s Capital Theatre where an alcohol fueled fight broke out among the band members resulting in injury and arrests. The band was even shortly banned from touring in the U.S. by the American Federation of Musicians. They were known for their three-chord rock sound which influenced the punk rock and heavy metal genres that came later.

The Hollies

The Kinks

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what’s behind the songs?Here Comes The Sun by The BeatlesGeorge Harrison wrote Here Comes The Sun as he was recovering from depression. The lyrics reflect the composer’s relief at both the arrival of spring and the temporary respite he was experiencing from the band’s business affairs.

He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother by The HolliesPopular music ballad, He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother, featured Elton John on piano. The single reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 7 in the US when it was released in 1969.

Ferry Cross the Mersey by Gerry & The PacemakersFerry Cross the Mersey refers to the River Mersey in northwest England, which flows into the Irish Sea at Liverpool. The term Merseybeat is another name for beat music, a genre popularized by The Beatles that gets its name from the Liverpool area where it originated.

Penny Lane by The BeatlesWhile the song is called Penny Lane and is a road in Liverpool, the song is really a reference to the Penny Lane Bus Station. When The Beatles were young they used to meet at this bus station as it was a hub to get them anywhere else they wanted to go and was centrally located to all of them.

Won’t Get Fooled Again by The WhoWon’t Get Fooled Again has a full running time of 8 minutes and 30 seconds. The single was shortened for radio play to be 3:35. The band was reportedly unhappy with cuts to their songs and grew to lose interest in releasing singles at all and focused on album material.

Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles“Father Mackenzie” in Eleanor Rigby was originally supposed to be “Father McCartney.” Paul McCartney decided he didn’t want to scare his dad and picked a name out of the phone book instead.

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SuRICHARD HOPKINS is the Producing Artistic Director of Florida Studio Theatre. Since 1980, Mr. Hopkins has guided the company from a small touring group to a professional regional theatre. He began his professional theatre career as a resident actor with the Asolo State Theatre in Sarasota. In 1974, he founded the Palisades Theatre Company in Washington, D.C., which subsequently moved to St. Petersburg and is now called American Stage. He served as its Producing Director from 1974-1980.

Additional experiences include President of the Florida Professional Theatres Association, Panelist for Theatre Program of Florida Arts Council, and Director/Instructor for Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus’ Clown College.

His many directing credits include: Inspired Lunacy, The Best of Enemies, Next to Normal, Race, Ruined, The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee, Boleros for the Disenchanted, Permanent Collection, Metamorphoses, The Bully Pulpit, God’s Man in Texas, Hysteria, Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde, 2: Goering at Nuremberg, Six Degrees of Separation, Execution of Justice, Death by Misadventure, Hi-Hat-Hattie, Invictus, Agnes of God, Beyond Therapy, True West, La Ronde, and Betrayal among numerous other plays and Cabaret projects including Never Marry A Girl With Cold Feet, The Prima Donnettes, Too Darn Hot, Laughing Matters, Night Train to Memphis, Sophie Tucker, Inspired Lunacy, Shakespeare’s Greatest Hits, Over the Rainbow, and Let’s Twist Again: with the Wanderers. Mr. Hopkins is the recipient of numerous awards including the Arts Leadership Award from the Sarasota Arts Council, the Richard G. Fallon Award for Artistic Excellence from the Florida Professional Theatre Association, and the Cultural Champion Award from the Arts and Cultural Alliance of Sarasota County.

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For more information or to discuss available naming opportunities, contact: Jon Donk, Development Manager, at (941) 366-9017 ext. 326

or visit www. floridastudiotheatre.org.15

FST Cabaret: A History

1996 – 1997 Season By Gershwin I am an American by Kurt Weill Motown Cabaret Always...Patsy Cline by Ted Swindley

1997 – 1998 Season Honky -Tonk Highway by Richard Berg and Robert Lindsey-Nassif O'Carolan's Farewell to Music by Patrick Ball and Peter Glazer License to Bash Over the Rainbow Gunmetal Blues Inspired Lunacy (revised) Rendezvous with Marlene Carreno Clearly Invisible by Carl Seiger Forever Plaid by Stuart Ross

1998 – 1999 Season Harry Who? A Brief History of White Music conceived by Dee Dee Thomas and David Tweedy Shakespeare’s Greatest Hits

1999 – 2000 Season Three Girls Berlin! Sophie Tucker: American Legend by Jack Fournier & Kathy Halenda The All Night Strut

2000 – 2001 Season By Mercer Harry Chapin and Friends Brassy Broads

2001 – 2002 Season The Rhythm of Life: The Songs of Dorothy Fields The Songs of Jaques Brel Laughing Matters Sophie Tucker Last of the Red Hot Mamas 2002 – 2003 Season My One and Only Gershwin Guitar Girls A Vaudeville Cabaret

2003 – 2004 Season Too Darn Hot: A Tribute to Cole Porter On the Road One-Hit Wonders

2004 – 2005 Season G.I. Jive The Rise and Fall of Western Civilization According to Tom Lehrer Three Friends, Two Guitars (and a broken tambourine)

1995 – 1996 Season Hot 'N Cole My Castle's Rockin' by Larry Parr Back to the 40's with the Boiler Sisters Forever Ivory Rowe by Mark Hunter and Barbara Bates Smith An Evening Wasted Song and Dance by Andrew Lloyd Webber The Jazz Club

2005 – 2006 Season My Way: A Musical Tribute to Frank Sinatra by David Grapes and Todd Olson Piano Men Flip Side

2006 – 2007 Season Over The Rainbow, A Tribute to Harold Arlen The British Invasion Laughing Matters…Too

2007 – 2008 Season Harry Who? The Lullabye of Broadway European Cabaret Outlaws and Angels

2008 – 2009 Season Steppin’ Out Hula Hoop Sha-Boop Laughing Matters ’09

2009 – 2010 Season That’s Life Reflections Night Train to Memphis

2010 – 2011 Season The Wanderers Brassy Broads: The Next Generation Laughing Matters

2011-2012 Season That’s Life, Again! Shake, Rattle, & Roll Reel Music

2012-2013 Season Let’s Twist Again: With the Wanderers Urban Cowboys By Gershwin: A Tribute to George and Ira

2013-2014 Season The Prima Donnettes Poems, Prayers and Promises Too Darn Hot

2014 Summer Season At The Hop Clearly Invisible Somewhere Over The Rose

2015 Summer Season Six Guitars Kings of Country The Swingaroos

2014-2015 Season Dancing in the Street American Pie Never Marry A Girl With Cold Feet: and other life lessons from Vaudeville

2015-2016 Season Soul Mates: A Journey to Hitsville Yesterday Laughing Matters (vol. 5) Lock the Gates!

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Music Director BEN KRAUSSCostume Designer SUSAN ANGERMANNLighting Designer TOM HANSENSound Engineer TOBY ALGYASound & Light Operator JULIENNE BAILEY

Directed by Catherine Randazzo