please contact me if you have any questions about my lecture. leslie vosshall...
TRANSCRIPT
Please contact me if you have any questionsabout my lecture.Leslie Vosshall [email protected] 3, 2006
Leslie B. Vosshall
Pheromones & Animal B
ehavior
http://njc.rockefeller.edu/BN2006.php
http://njc.rockefeller.edu/Vosshall.php
Adria Le Boeuf Joanna Spencer
April 10: Presentations (PDFs available April 4)
April 3: Lecture (PPT available this afternoon)
$50
Tristram WyattPheromones
and Animal Behaviour
Suggested Reading
David Michael Stoddart The Scented Ape :
The Biology and Culture of Human Odour
$37
Social Cues
Formula for the perfect social signal:
1. Cheap to transmit2. Cheap to receive3. Discreet4. Selective5. Effective in the dark/barriers6. Long-range7. Long-lasting8. Easy homing/identification
VISUAL
http://www.bentler.us/eastern-washington/insects/snd/crickets.wav
http://www.wildsong.demon.co.uk/LR/listening.html
AUDIO
CHEMICAL
cockroach sex pheromone
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
What is a Pheromone?
”defined chemical signal between members of the same species, eliciting a
particular behavior or physiological change...”
Broader Definition: Pheromones
”any chemical signal conveying information
between members of the same species”
Recognition of Individuals or Kin:Differences between signals essential
Pheromones Health and FitnessMate Choice/ Sexual Selection
Mate Selection to Avoid Incest/Genetic RelatednessSexual Maturation
Successful Fertilization (Aquatic Animals)Kin Recognition
Caste and Reproductive Status (Social Animals)Menstrual Synchrony
Maternal-Infant BondingInfant Suckling—Nipple Recognition
Dominance HierarchyAggression
Territory and Trail MarkingDeception (Plant->Animal)
Deception (Animal->Animal)Aggregation
Intruder Alarm
Semiochemicals: Infochemicals
Pheromones: Within species
Allelochemicals: Between species
Sender + Receiver +
Kairomones: Sender - Receiver +
Synomones: Sender + Receiver +
Allomones: Sender + Receiver -
Primer Pheromones
Wyatt Book
Evolution of Pheromones
Wyatt Book
Pheromones – Odor Imprinting
Wyatt Book
Pheromones and behavior(phenomenology)
Silkmoth
Bombyxmori
Sex (Releaser) Pheromones
Mate Quality: Courtship Pheromones
hydroxydanaidal
monocrotalinepyrrolizidine
alkaloids
Wyatt Book
Pheromones-Dominance Hierarchy
Aggregation pheromone—Desert Locust
Aggregation Pheromones: Barnacles
Wyatt Book
Ant caste determination
Primer pheromones-Termites
Wyatt Book
Dauer pheromones-C.elegans
High Density/Limiting Food
Alarm Pheromones
Marking Behavior-Mara rodent
Wyatt Book
Marking Behavior-desert ant
Trail Marking-leaf cutter ant
Marking, Territorial Behavior-Badger
Wyatt Book
Mimicry: Pheromones Subverted for Deception
Australian orchid D. glyptodontraps male Z.Trilobatus wasps
Bolas spiders vs. moths
Mate Quality: MHC
Models for the MHC Effect
1. The MHC molecule hypothesis(MHC fragments in urine and sweat)
2. The peptide hypothesis(MHC peptide metabolites in urine)
3. The microflora hypothesis(MHC shapes allele-specific populations
of commensal microbes)4. The carrier hypothesis
(MHC carries volatile aromatics, including thoseproduced by bacteria)
5. The peptide-microbe hypothesis(MHC alters odor by restricting peptides available
to commensal bacteria)
Coolidge Effect(Remating with arrival of new potential mate)
Bruce Effect (Pregnancy block when exposed to foreign male)
Vandenbergh Effect(Males accelerate puberty in young females)
Whitten Effect(Males induce oestrus in adult females)
Lee-Boot Effect(Group-housed females show suppressed oestrus;
oestrus synchronized by contact with males)
One day President and Mrs. Coolidge were visitinga government farm. Soon after their arrival they weretaken off on separate tours. When Mrs. Coolidge passedthe chicken pens she paused to ask the man in chargeif the rooster copulates more than once each day. "Dozens of times" was the reply. "Please tell that to thePresident," Mrs. Coolidge requested. When the Presidentpassed the pens and was told about the rooster, he asked"Same hen everytime?" "Oh no, Mr. President, a differentone each time." The President nodded slowly, then said"Tell that to Mrs. Coolidge."
The Coolidge Effect
Vandenbergh Effect(Males accelerate puberty in
young females)
Whitten Effect(Males induce oestrus in adult
females)
Lee-Boot Effect(Group-housed females show
suppressed oestrus; oestrus synchronized by
contact with males)
Pheromone chemistry
Where do pheromones come from?
UrineSweatTearsOther glands…
Pheromone-Producing Glands-Insects
Wyatt Book
Pheromone-Producing Glands-Mammals
Wyatt Book
E10E12Z14-16Al 11.3 E10E12E14-16Al 1.2 E10Z12-16Al 3.9 Z11-16Al 13.4 E11-16Al 6.8 Z9-16Al 0.8 16Al 15.7 Z11Z13-18Al 1.4 Z13-18Al 2.2 Z11-18Al 6.2 18Al 4.8
Manduca sexta female pheromone blend
Sex Pheromones
Wyatt Book
Schaal et al., Nature 424, 68-72 , 2003
Lin et al., Nature 434, 470 - 477, 2005
bombykol
bombykal
Jeong et al., Nature 433:541, 2005.
(- )-6R-(3'R, 5'R-dihydroxy-6'S-methyltetrahydro-pyran-2'R-yloxy) heptanoic acid
C. elegans dauer pheromone
Pheromone reception(neural circuitry)
Olfaction vs.Pheromone Perception
(vertebrates)
Vomeronasal or Jacobson’s Organ (VNO)
VNO Pathways
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
Brennan & Keverne, Curr. Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
Olfaction vs.Pheromone Perception
(invertebrates)
MaleInsect
Antennae:Specialized toDetect FemalePheromones
Pheromone receptors
OdorantReceptors
(vertebrate)
PheromoneReceptors
(vertebrate)
V1R: expressed with Gαi and TRP2
V2R: expressed with Gαo and TRP2 (and MHC M10)
PheromoneReceptors
(invertebrate)
bombykol
bombykal
=come to me
=go away
Nakagawa et al., Science 2005
Nakagawa et al., Science 2005
Pheromone reception(humans)
Sequential Sensory Decisionsin Sexual Courtship:
Correct Species?Correct Gender?
Sexually Receptive?
Other Quality Control Criteria (usually monitored by Females)
Size?Strength?
Other indicators of good “gene pool”?
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Kin recognition-family member vs. partner
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Kin recognition-partner vs. stranger
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Kin recognition-mother/child
PHEROMONES IN HUMANS?
•Menstrual synchrony
Stern & McClintockNature 1998 392:177
”Realm, the fragrances with human pheromones. Only Realm adds this extra dimension of human Pleasure.
Awaken your sixth sense. Experience REALM. Contains human pheromones.”
Realm Men by RealmPheromone for Men
Realm Pheromones Women by RealmPheromone for Women
Active Ingredient: androstenone (pig pheromone)