plcopen iec 61131 basics 2015 pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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IEC 61131 Basics
Presented by
Bill Lydon, Director PLCopen North America
Automation Industry Consultant
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Why standard software?
Standardization Improves Productivity
Quality & Reliability
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Percentage of Software development costs in
production systems (source: McKinsey)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1970 1980 1990 2000
Mechanic Electric Software
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Software Functions Increasing Complexity Increases Exponentially
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“… the never ending story of software ”
enhancements…..
new requirements ...
new functionalities ….
new wishes ...
Typically software enhancements & maintenance cost are 2 times the initial development investment.
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Conceptual
Design Specification
Functional
Design
Verification
Coding Testing
Refining
Commissioning
Maintenance
Standard Software Advantages
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PLCopen®
for efficiency in automation Standard Software Advantages
Improved Software Reliability – Common Design Architecture
Improved Productivity
Common Base of Understanding & Training
Improves Maintenance Efficiency • Emergency Bug Fixes & Corrective Bug Fixes
• Adding Features & Functions
• Mandatory Changes ( Law, Safety,...)
• Enhancements
• Studies show software maintainers spend about 50% their time
understanding the code.
Lifecycle Maintenance = 2 X Initial Development
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IEC 61131-3 - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Open Programmable Logic Controller Standard 1st published 1993 - 3rd edition published 2013
Defined application program development environment
Strong data typing for error prevention
1 Structuring Tool – Sequential Function Chart (SFC)
4 programming languages: 2 Textual & 2 Graphical
Program Organization - Program Structuring & Reuse
What is IEC 61131-3 ?
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IEC 61131-3 Strong Data Types
BOOLEAN
REAL
INTEGER
STRING
TIME
ARRAY
STRUCTURES
USER DEFINED
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Languages
Instruction List (IL)
Structured Text (ST)
Ladder Logic/Diagram (LD)
Function Block (FB)
Sequential Function Chart (SFC)
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A B C
-| |--|/|----------------( )---[Function[---
Ladder Diagram (LD)
Standardized set of relay ladder programming
symbols and terminology
• Electrical Flow
• Large base of users
• Boolean equations
• Function Blocks
• Easy rules
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for efficiency in automation Ladder Diagram (LD)
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LD A
AND B
ST C
• Single accumulator based execution model
• Low Level Programming
• One operation such as storing a value in the
accumulator register, is allowed per line
Instruction List (IL)
Single statements, or instructions, written and
executed in a line-by-line format.
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C:= A AND NOT B
If A = FALSE THEN ...
CASE Select OF ....
• High level language, block structured
• Syntax resembles PASCAL, C, C+
• Complex statements and nested instructions possible
• Support for • Iteration loops (REPEAT-UNTIL; WHILE-DO)
• Conditional execution (IF-THEN-ELSE; CASE)
• Functions (SQURT(); SIN())
Structured Text (ST)
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for efficiency in automation Structured Text (ST)
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AND
A C
B
• Graphical Language
• Program elements appear as blocks to be
“wired” together
Function Block Diagram (FB)
Function Examples: ADD, SQRT, SIN, COS, AND, OR, CASE, etc.
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for efficiency in automation Function Block Diagram (FB)
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Inputs Outputs
Function Block • Explicit Data • Variables • Tag Names • Logic • Actions/Calculations
Self Contained Building Blocks
Function Block
Inherent Data Integrity Checks
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Inputs Outputs
Function Examples • AND, OR, XOR, GATE…
• PID, SELECT, LIMIT…
• SQUARE ROOT, COS…
• ADD, SUB, DIV, MUL…
Function Block
Self Contained Building Blocks
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for efficiency in automation Function Block
Inputs Outputs
Send/Receive Email Serve UP WEB Pages
Send Messages (SMS)
Send SOAP Messages
Send XML Messages
OPC UA Communication
PEER to PEER
Self Contained Building Blocks
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BUILD
YOUR OWN
FUNCTIONS
Function Block
Encapsulation
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Built from standard blocks ...
Inputs Outputs User Created
Object
Encapsulation
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Ladder Logic Instruction List Structured Text
Build your own function blocks
with Ladder Logic, Instruction
List, or Structured Text
Standardization
Reuse Tested Code
Easily Understood
Self Documenting
Password Protect
Inputs Outputs Your Own
Function Block
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for efficiency in automation Sequential Function Chart (SFC)
Step 1
Transition
Step 2
Transition
Action 1
Action 2
Action 1
• Sequential Controls
• Procedural Controls
• Structured
• Describes Process
• Logic Driven
• Partition Control Functions
• Rapid Visual Diagnostics
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• Serial & Parallel Processes
• Process Synchronization
• Application examples • Startup Sequences
• Shutdown Sequences
• Presses
• Productions Lines
• Process Automation
• Packaging technology
• Machine tools
• Batch Process Control – S88
• Flexible Manufacturing
Sequential Function Chart (SFC)
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• Multiple Automation and Control Disciplines
• Process Design
• Logic Simulation
• Automatic Documentation
• Engineering Tools • Online Debug Environment
• Breakpoints
• Watch Windows
• Strip chart Recorder
• Integrated HMI
IDE - Integrated Design Environment (IDE)
IEC 61131 Controller
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Vendor Independent, Not for Profit Organization
Extends IEC 61131-3 Functionality
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Application Examples
Specifications
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Bill Lydon, Director PLCopen North America
Automation Industry Consultant
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