The role and current prioritiesof Ireland’s DP CommissionerHelen Dixon, Ireland’s new Data Protection Commissioner, on6 July, gave PL&B’s 28th Annual International Conferenceinsights into her role and priorities.

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ECJ to decide on territorialscope of EU DP DirectiveHungary’s Weltimmo case has great importance in the contextof the EU DP Regulation, and fears of forum shopping under theOne-Stop-Shop. By Andrea Klára Soós.

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Issue 136 August 2015

NEWS

1 - Ireland’s Commissioner’s priorities

1 - Territorial scope of EU DP Directive

2 - Comment DPA roles being redefined in EU

10 - Trilogue commits to adopt EU DP Regulation by end of 2015

ANALYSIS

7 - How can UN special rapporteur help to harmonise privacy laws?

28 - Striking the balance between DP and other EU Treaty objectives

MANAGEMENT

14 - EU-US Safe Harbor at crossroads: a solution is urgently needed

16 - Privacy Laws & Business services

17 - How can legitimate interests work for you?

18 - France and Holland differ on DP compliance and enforcement

20 - EU should follow the German example of mandatory DPOs

LEGISLATION

12 - Canada’s new Digital Privacy Act

16 - Consumer protection foundations of US FTC privacy enforcement

24 - Tort liability for online privacy violations in China

NEWS IN BRIEF

9 - Adobe, Apple and Yahoo win in privacy survey

22 - Passenger Name Records and data mining privacy concerns

22 - European Data Protection Supervisor takes a stance on trade agreements and data flows

23 - CNIL enforces France’s cookie rules

23 - Bermuda proposes DP law

23 - Compilation of US federal and state privacy laws

31 - UK ICO research looks into DPAs

Subscribers to paper and electronic editions can access the following:• Back Issues since 1987• Special Reports

• Materials from PL&B events• Videos and audio recordings

PL&B Services: Publications • Conferences • Consulting • Recruitment Training • Compliance Audits • Privacy Officers Networks • Roundtables • Research

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O =========^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

COMMENT

Published byPrivacy Laws & Business, 2nd Floor, Monument House, 215 Marsh Road, Pinner, Middlesex HA5 5NE, United KingdomTel: +44 (0)20 8868 9200 Fax: +44 (0)20 8868 5215Email: info@privacylaws.comWebsite: www.privacylaws.comSubscriptions: The Privacy Laws & Business InternationalReport is produced six times a year and is available on anannual subscription basis only. Subscription details are at theback of this report.

Whilst every care is taken to provide accurate information, thepublishers cannot accept liability for errors or omissions or forany advice given. Design by ProCreative +44 (0)845 3003753Printed by Rapidity Communications Ltd +44 (0)20 7689 8686ISSN 2046-844X

Copyright: No part of this publication in whole or in partmay be reproduced or transmitted in any form without theprior written permission of the publisher.

© 2015 Privacy Laws & Business

PUBLISHER Stewart H Dresnerstewart.dresner@privacylaws.com

EDITOR Laura Linkomieslaura.linkomies@privacylaws.com

ASIA-PACIFIC EDITOR Professor Graham Greenleafgraham@austlii.edu.au

REPORT SUBSCRIPTIONS Glenn Daif-Burnsglenn.daif-burns@privacylaws.com

CONTRIBUTORSRobin BayleyLinden Consulting, British Colombia, CanadaMarcus Belke2B Advice, GermanyColin BennettUniversity of Victoria, British Colombia, CanadaOliver ButlerPL&B CorrespondentHelen DixonData Protection Commissioner, IrelandScott LivingstonAmerican Lawyer specialising in Chinesetechnology and data privacy lawLisa Peets & Ezra SteinhardtCovington & Burling LLP UKLyndsey ShawPL&B CorrespondentAndrea Klára SoósSoos law firm, Hungary

DPAs’ roles being redefined fí= áë= ÅäÉ~ê= íÜ~í= å~íáçå~ä=a~í~=mêçíÉÅíáçå=^ìíÜçêáíáÉëÛ= Eam^F= êçäÉë~åÇ= ÑìåÅíáçåë= ïáää= ÄÉ= Ñçêãìä~íÉÇ= åçí= àìëí= Äó= íÜÉ= ÑìíìêÉ= broÉÖìä~íáçåI=Äìí=~äëç=~ë=~=êÉëìäí=çÑ=br=Å~ëÉ=ä~ïK=qÜÉ=`çìêí=çÑ=gìëíáÅÉçÑ=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=råáçå=EÑçêãÉêäó=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=`çìêí=çÑ=gìëíáÅÉF=áëåçï= ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖW= íÜÉ= eìåÖ~êá~å= Å~ëÉ= çÑ= tÉäíáããç= çå= íÜÉàìêáëÇáÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=å~íáçå~ä=am^=EéKNFX=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=Å~ëÉ=çå=íÜÉÇáëÅêÉíáçå= çÑ= å~íáçå~ä=am^ë= íç= ÅÜççëÉ= íÜÉáê= éêáçêáíáÉë= EéKNUFX= ~åÇíÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=ÄêçìÖÜí=Äó=j~ñ=pÅÜêÉãë=çå=ïÜÉíÜÉê=fêÉä~åÇÛë=ÇÉÅáëáçå=åçííç=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉ=~å=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=íê~åëÑÉê=áë=äÉÖáíáã~íÉK=

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ISSUE NO 136 AUGUST 2015

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bìêçéÉ=~åÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=çÑíÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=^êíáÅäÉ=OV=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=áå~ää=çÑ=íÜÉ=^êíáÅäÉ=OV=ëìÄÖêçìéëK

f= Ü~îÉ= ÑçìåÇ= ãó= ÅçìåíÉêé~êíë= áåbìêçéÉ= íç=ÄÉ= ÉñíêÉãÉäó= êÉëéçåëáîÉ= ~åÇÉåÖ~ÖÉÇ= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= ~åó= áåíÉê~Åíáçåë= fÜ~îÉ= Ü~Ç= ïáíÜ= íÜÉãK= qÜÉ= áåÇáîáÇì~äêÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= Ñçê= É~ÅÜ= am^= íç= ÉåëìêÉÅçåÑáÇÉåíá~äáíó= ~ë= íÜÉó= ÅçåÇìÅí= ~åáåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå= Å~å= ëçãÉíáãÉë= ãÉ~å= íÜ~íbìêçéÉ~å=am^ë=äáâÉ=íÜÉ=fêáëÜ=~êÉ=ëÜ~êáåÖãçêÉ= ìåÇÉê= jÉãçê~åÇ~= çÑråÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= rp= cq`= ~åÇ`~å~Çá~å= çããáëëáçåÉê=íÜ~å=íÜÉó=~êÉ=~ííáãÉë= ïáíÜ= bìêçéÉ~å= ÅçìåíÉêé~êíëK= tÉãìëí= ÑáåÇ= ~= ï~ó= íç= ÅççéÉê~íÉ= ãçêÉÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉäó=áå=íÜÉ=ÑìíìêÉK=

`ççéÉê~íáçå= áë= îÉêó=ãìÅÜ=~Äçìí= ~ëí~íÉ= çÑ=ãáåÇK=^ë= ~= äÉ~Ç= êÉÖìä~íçê= Ñçêã~åó= é~åJbìêçéÉ~å= Åçãé~åáÉëIfêÉä~åÇ= ïáää= åÉÉÇ= íÜÉ= ~ëëáëí~åÅÉ= ~åÇéê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ëìééçêí= çÑ= áíë= ÑÉääçï= am^ëKbèì~ääóI= ïÉ= ïáää= ÄÉ= êÉ~Çó= íç= ïçêâÅçää~Äçê~íáîÉäó= ïáíÜ= çìê= br= am^ÅçääÉ~ÖìÉë= ~åÇ= ÉåëìêÉ= ÉîÉêó= ÉÑÑçêí= áëã~ÇÉ= íç= áåÅçêéçê~íÉ= íÜÉáê= ÅçåÅÉêåë= áåÉñ~ãáåáåÖ=áëëìÉëK=

Helen Dixon, Data ProtectionCommissioner, Ireland.

AUTHOR

The Annual Report for the Irish Data Protection Authority for 2014 http://www.dataprotection.ie/docs/23-6-2015-Annual-Report-2014/1479.htm

INFORMATION

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S=========^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

NEWS

1 Weltimmo s.r.o. v. NAIH (NationalAuthority for Data Protection andFreedom of Information Hungary)E.C.J., No. C-230/14, advocate generalrecommended opinion 6/25/15). TheHungarian version is available at:http://curia.europa.eu/juris/celex.jsf?celex=62014CC0230&lang1=hu&type=TXT&ancre=

2 Directive 95/46/EC of the EuropeanParliament and of the council of 24October 1995 on the Protection ofindividuals with regard to theprocessing of personal data and on thefree movement of such data.

3 ingatlanbazar.com, ingatlandepo.com4 For Hungarian language commentary

please see Dr. András Jóri: TheWeltimmo case available at:http://www.jema.hu/article.php?c=257

5 www.naih.hu6 It is worth noting that the websites have

already been investigated by severalHungarian authorities. In December2011 the Hungarian CompetitionAuthority imposed a fine of EUR 20,000

on the defendant and stated that thecompany had violated the CompetitionAct with its behaviour since thecompany offers free services butinvoicing high fees after the expiry of atrial period. The scope of the Hungarianlegislation covers any communication“aiming” at the territory of Hungary. It isthe consistent practice of the Hungariancompetition and consumer protectionauthorities that any Hungarianlanguage web site may be investigatedunder the laws of Hungary. Also, thecompetition authority filed a class actionagainst the company requesting thecompetent court to declare the termsand conditions of the company invalid.The court agreed with the CompetitionAuthority and ruled that certain clausesof the terms applied by these entitieswere unfair so it also declared theseclauses invalid.

7 http://www.naih.hu/files/510_2012_jogellenes-adatkezeles-webes-tevekenyseg.pdf

8 http://www.naih.hu/files/FKMB_2K29_

113_2013_3weltimmo-itelet.pdf9 The NAIH repeated its procedure and

rectified the procedural mistakes andadopted the same decision.

10 This conclusion can be questioned, inparticular in light of the provisions ofarticle 7 of the Directive which providesfor the legal ground for data controllingwithout consent (or after the withdrawalof such consent) if it is necessary forthe legal interest of the data controller.In our conclusion, debt collectionobviously falls under the legal interestsclause of the directive and therefore thehandover of clients’ data to a privateexecutor would not qualify as unlawfuldata processing under the Europeanlaw.

11 Reference is made by the AG to anarticle from 2000:http://folk.uio.no/lee/oldpage/articles/Applicable_law.pdf

12 C-131/12, EU:C:2014:317, points 48–50

13 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62012CJ0475

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nrbpqflkp lc k^qflk^i`ljmbqbk`bqÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí= Åçìêí= Éñ= çÑÑáÅáç= íìêåÉÇ= íçíÜÉ=b`g=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=~å=çåÖçáåÖ=Å~ëÉ=ïáíÜëÉîÉå= ëìÄëÉèìÉåí= èìÉëíáçåë= ~áãáåÖ= íçÉëí~ÄäáëÜ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉ= k^fe= Ü~Ç~ìíÜçêáíó=çîÉê=~=Åçãé~åó=êÉÖáëíÉêÉÇ=áå~åçíÜÉê= ãÉãÄÉê= ëí~íÉ= ~åÇ= ïáíÜçìíÜ~îáåÖ= ~åó= éêÉëÉåÅÉ= áå= eìåÖ~êóK= qÜÉk^fe= ÑáäÉÇ= áíë= ÅçããÉåíë= íç= íÜÉ= b`gã~áåäó= ëí~íáåÖ= íÜ~í= áÑ= íÜÉ= b`g= ïçìäÇëí~íÉ= íÜ~í= ~êíáÅäÉ= Q= ENF= çÑ= íÜÉ=aáêÉÅíáîÉ~ééäáÉëI= íÜ~í= ïçìäÇ= ~ääçï= ëçJÅ~ääÉÇÑçêìã= ëÜçééáåÖÒ=ïÜáÅÜ=ïçìäÇ=ã~âÉáí= îÉêó= É~ëó= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÇÉÑÉåÇ~åíë= íç= çéíçìí=Ñêçã=~=å~íáçå~ä=ä~ïK

lmfkflk lc qeb ^asl`^qbdbkbo^iqÜÉ= ^ÇîçÅ~íÉ= dÉåÉê~ä= E^dFÉãéÜ~ëáëÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íïç=ëÉé~ê~íÉ

èìÉëíáçåë= íç= Éñ~ãáåÉW= ïÜ~í= áë= íÜÉ~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ= ä~ï= Epäçî~âá~å= çêeìåÖ~êá~åF= ~åÇ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉeìåÖ~êá~å= ~ìíÜçêáíó= Ü~ë= àìêáëÇáÅíáçåçîÉê=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ\

sáää~äµå= ë~áÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ëÉîÉåèìÉëíáçåë= ~Äçìí= å~íáçå~ä= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉIáå=Ñ~ÅíI=êÉéêÉëÉåí=çåÉ=èìÉëíáçåW=ïÜÉíÜÉê~êíáÅäÉ=Q=ENF=Å~å=ÄÉ=áåíÉêéêÉíÉÇ=áå=~=ï~óíÜ~í= íÜÉ= eìåÖ~êá~å= ~ìíÜçêáíó= ãáÖÜíÜ~îÉ=àìêáëÇáÅíáçå=çîÉê=~=Åçãé~åó=ÄÉáåÖêÉÖáëíÉêÉÇ=ëçäÉäó=áå=päçî~âá~K

qÜÉ=^d=éçáåíÉÇ=çìí=íÜ~í= áå=ÅêçëëJÄçêÇÉê= Ç~í~= ÅçåíêçääÉê= Å~ëÉëI= íÜÉèìÉëíáçå=çÑ= ~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ= ä~ï=Ü~Ç=~äï~óëÄÉÉå= ÇáëéìíÉÇNN ~åÇ= ê~áëÉÇ= ëÉîÉê~äáãéçêí~åí= äÉÖ~ä= èìÉëíáçåëK= qÜÉ= ^dëìÖÖÉëíÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= íÉëí= ï~ë~ééäáÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= Åçìêí= ~ë= íÜ~í= áå= íÜÉ= ëçÅ~ääÉÇ=dççÖäÉ= Å~ëÉNOI= å~ãÉäóW= íÜÉ= ÑáêëíèìÉëíáçå=áë=ïÜÉíÜÉê=tÉäíáããç=Ü~Ç=~åóéêÉëÉåÅÉ= áå= eìåÖ~êó= ~åÇ= ëÉÅçåÇäó= áÑóÉëI=ïÜÉíÜÉê=áí=Ü~Ç=~åó=êÉäÉî~åÅÉ=íç=íÜÉçÄàÉÅíÉÇ= ~ÅíáîáíóK= få= áåíÉêéêÉíáåÖ= íÜÉíÉêã= éêÉëÉåÅÉÒI= íÜÉ= eìåÖ~êá~å~ìíÜçêáíó= ~êÖìÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åí= íÜ~ítÉäíáããç=Ü~Ç=~=äÉÖ~ä=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ=áåeìåÖ~êó=~åÇ=~äëç=íÜ~í=áí=Ü~Ç=~=ã~áäÄçñáå= eìåÖ~êó= ãÉ~åë= íÜ~í= áí= Ü~Ç= ~éêÉëÉåÅÉK= qÜÉ=^d=ÇáÇ= åçí= ~ÅÅÉéí= íÜáë~êÖìãÉåí~íáçå= ~åÇ= ëí~íÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉéêáåÅáé~ä= ÅêáíÉêáçå= Ñçê= ÇÉíÉêãáåáåÖ~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ=ä~ï=ï~ë=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=ÅçåíêçääÉêÛëéä~ÅÉ= çÑ= Éëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåíI= ä~êÖÉäóáêêÉëéÉÅíáîÉ= çÑ= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= Ç~í~

éêçÅÉëëáåÖ=çÅÅìêêÉÇK=qÜÉ=^d=~å~äóëÉÇíÜÉ= éê~ÅíáÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= b`g= áå= ÇÉí~áä= ~åÇÅ~ãÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ÅçåÅäìëáçå= íÜ~í= íÜÉèìÉëíáçå= çÑ= áìë= éìåáÇÉåÇáÒ= EïÜÉíÜÉê~åÇ= Üçï= éìåáíáîÉ= éçïÉê= Å~å= Éñáëí= ~ííÜÉ= ëìéê~å~íáçå~ä= äÉîÉä= ïáíÜçìí= ~ëçîÉêÉáÖåF= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= èìÉëíáçå= çÑ~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ= ä~ï= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíKeçïÉîÉêI= ~= äçÅ~ä= am^= Å~ååçí= Ü~îÉàìêáëéêìÇÉåÅÉ= çîÉê= íÜÉ= ~Åíáîáíó= çÑ= ~Åçãé~åó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉäó= Ä~ëÉÇ= áå~åçíÜÉê=jÉãÄÉê=pí~íÉK=eÉ=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~ííÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=çÑ=í~ñ=êÉëáÇÉåÅó=áë=ÜáÖÜäóáãéçêí~åí=~åÇ=ã~ÇÉ=ÇáêÉÅí=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íçíÜÉ= rm`= aqeJÅ~ëÉ= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉeìåÖ~êá~å= ãÉÇá~= ~ìíÜçêáíó= ÑáåÉÇ= ~ÑçêÉáÖå= Ä~ëÉÇ= Åçãé~åóK= få= ëìãã~êóIíÜÉ= ^ÇîçÅ~íÉ= dÉåÉê~ä= Å~ãÉ= íç= íÜÉÅçåÅäìëáçå=íÜ~í=áÑ=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ=ä~ï=áëíÜÉ= ä~ï= çÑ= ~åçíÜÉê= jÉãÄÉê= pí~íÉI= ~äçÅ~ä=Ç~í~=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~ìíÜçêáíó=ã~ó=åçíÜ~îÉ=íÜÉ=êáÖÜí=íç=éêçÅÉÉÇ=~åÇ=ë~åÅíáçåçîÉê=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉK=

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Andrea Klára Soós is an Attorney-at-lawin Budapest, Hungary. Email: andrea.soos@sooslaw.hu

AUTHOR

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR T

ANALYSIS

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qÜÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=~ÇçéíÉÇ=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ä~ïë=~êÉIçå= ~îÉê~ÖÉI= ÅäçëÉê= íç= íÜÉ= ÚbìêçéÉ~åÛëí~åÇ~êÇë= ÉãÄçÇáÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= br= Ç~í~éêçíÉÅíáçå=aáêÉÅíáîÉ= çÑ= NVVR= íÜ~å= íÜÉó~êÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ÚÄ~ëáÅÛ= ëí~åÇ~êÇ= çÑ= íÜÉ= NVUMlb`a= ÖìáÇÉäáåÉëINP ~åÇ= íÜáë= Ü~ë= åçíÅÜ~åÖÉÇ=ïáíÜ=êÉÅÉåí=ä~ïë=çê=_áääë=ÄÉáåÖÉå~ÅíÉÇK= qÜÉ= ïçêäÇ= áë= ÚîçíáåÖ= ïáíÜ= áíëÑÉÉíÛ= Ñçê= Ç~í~= éêáî~Åó= ä~ïë= ïáíÜãçÇÉê~íÉ=ÚbìêçéÉ~åÛ=ëí~åÇ~êÇëK

få= Åçåíê~ëíI= ~= Ñçêã~ä= áåíÉêå~íáçå~äáåëíêìãÉåí= Eçê= ÚíçéJÇçïåÛ= ëí~åÇ~êÇFÜ~ë=ÄÉÉå=ëäçï=íç=ÉãÉêÖÉK=få=ãó=îáÉïI=~åáåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= ~ÖêÉÉãÉåí= ïáää= Ü~îÉ= íÜÉÄÉëí= éêçëéÉÅí= Ñçê= Äêç~Ç= ~Ççéíáçå= áÑ= áí

The UN Special Rapporteur:Advancing a global privacy treaty?By Graham Greenleaf, Professor of Law & Information Systems, UNSW Australia.

U=========^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

ANALYSIS

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`lk`irpflkp^äíÜçìÖÜ= ãìÅÜ= çÑ= íÜÉ= péÉÅá~äo~ééçêíÉìêÛë= íáãÉ= ïáää= åç= ÇçìÄí= ÄÉ~ÄëçêÄÉÇ=Äó=éçëíJpåçïÇÉå=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉáëëìÉëI=é~êí=çÑ=Üáë=ã~åÇ~íÉ=áë=íç=ÉñéäçêÉï~óë= ~ÜÉ~Ç= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑáåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= áåëíêìãÉåíë= íç= éêçíÉÅíÇ~í~= éêáî~ÅóK= ^ää= é~íÜë= íç= ~= ÖäçÄ~äéêáî~Åó=áåëíêìãÉåí=áåîçäîÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíáÉë~åÇ=ìåÅÉêí~áåíáÉëI=~åÇ=éçíÉåíá~ä=êáëâë=íçáåÇáîáÇì~ä= éêáî~ÅóI= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ëìÅÜ= ~åáåëíêìãÉåí=ãìëí=ÄçíÜ=éêçíÉÅí=áåÇáîáÇì~äéêáî~Åó= íç= ~= ëìÑÑáÅáÉåí= ÉñíÉåí= ~åÇ= áåêÉíìêå= ~ääçï= Ñäçïë= çÑ= éÉêëçå~ä= Ç~í~ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÅçãéäóáåÖ= m~êíáÉëK= mêçéçë~äë~êÉ=åÉÉÇÉÇ=~ë= íç=Üçï= íÜÉ=o~ééçêíÉìêÛëã~åÇ~íÉ= ã~ó= êÉ~äáëíáÅ~ääó= ÄÉ= ìëÉÇ= íç~Çî~åÅÉ=éêçÖêÉëë=íçï~êÇ=ëìÅÜ=~=Öç~äK=

qÜáë=ÄêáÉÑ=~êíáÅäÉ=Ü~ë=~êÖìÉÇ=íÜ~í=~åáåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= ~ÖêÉÉãÉåí= ëÜçìäÇ= êÉëéÉÅí~åÇ= êÉÑäÉÅí= íÜÉ= ëí~åÇ~êÇë= íÜ~í= Ü~îÉ~äêÉ~Çó=ÉãÉêÖÉÇ= Ñêçã=NMV= Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑå~íáçå~ä=äÉÖáëä~íáçåI=~åÇ=íÜ~í=`çìåÅáä=çÑbìêçéÉ= `çåîÉåíáçå= NMU= áë= íÜÉ= ÄÉëíEéÉêÜ~éë=íÜÉ=çåäóF=éêçëéÉÅí=Ñçê=~=ÖäçÄ~ä~ÖêÉÉãÉåí= ïÜáÅÜ= áë= ÅçåëáëíÉåí= ïáíÜíÜçëÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇëK=fíë=ãçÇÉê~íÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇëã~âÉ=áí=~=êÉ~äáëíáÅ=~åÇ=ÇÉëáê~ÄäÉ=çéíáçåIÄìí= Åçãéäá~åÅÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉëÉ= ëí~åÇ~êÇëIÄçíÜ= ~í= ~åÇ= ~ÑíÉê= ~ÅÅÉëëáçåI= ãìëí= ÄÉêáÖçêçìëäó=ãçåáíçêÉÇI= áå=çêÇÉê= Ñçê= íÜáëíç= ÄÉåÉÑáí= ÅáíáòÉåëÛ= éêáî~ÅóK= qÜÉ= rkpéÉÅá~ä=o~ééçêíÉìê=ã~ó=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ã~âÉÅçåÅêÉíÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=íçï~êÇ=ÉåëìêáåÖÄçíÜ=éêçÖêÉëë=~åÇ=Ä~ä~åÅÉK

Graham Greenleaf, Professor of Law &Information Systems, UNSW Australia.

AUTHOR

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR V

ANALYSIS/NEWS

1 This article is based on the author’sopening presentation to the PrivacyLaws & Business Annual Conference,St John’s College, Cambridge, 5 July2015.

2 UN Treaties Collection, InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights;<https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?chapter=4&src=treaty&mtdsg_no=iv-4&lang=en>; 168 parties as at12/05/2015.

3 For further details of this and thefollowing sections concerning the UN,see G Greenleaf Asian Data PrivacyLaws (OUP, 2014), pgs 38-42 and 547-48; and L Bygrave Data Privacy Law:An International Perspective (OUP,2014), pgs 51-53 and 82-86.

4 General Comment No. 16 (Art. 17)08/04/1988.<http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/23378a8724595410c12563ed004aeecd>

5 Toonen v. Australia (1994)Communication No. 488/1992, U.N.

Doc CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992 (1994)<http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/undocs/html/vws488.htm>.

6 Bygrave Data Privacy Law p 85, citingCoeriel & Aurik v the Netherlands(1994) 15 HRIJ 422.

7 Greenleaf, G 'Global Tables of DataPrivacy Laws and Bills (4th Ed, January2015)' (2015) 133 Privacy Laws &Business International Report, 18-28.

8 For the resolution and its history, see AFujimura-Fanselow ‘UN Human RightsCouncil Creates Special Rapporteur onRight to Privacy’<http://www.ijrcenter.org/2015/04/22/un-human-rights-council-adopts-resolution-to-create-special-rapporteur-on-the-right-to-privacy/>.

9 Reuters report ‘Estonian blocked asUN's first digital privacy investigator’The Guardian, 4 July 2015<http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/04/estonian-blocked-as-uns-first-digital-privacy-investigator>.

10 University of Groningen Prof. J ACannataci Curriculum Vitae

<http://www.rug.nl/staff/j.a.cannataci/cv> 11 See announcement by 23 NGOs at

<https://www.privacyinternational.org/?q=node/617>. Separateannouncements were made by theElectronic Privacy Information Center(EPIC) and Electronic FrontierFoundation (EFF) in the US.

12 G Greenleaf 'Global Tables of DataPrivacy Laws and Bills (4th Ed, January2015)'.

13 G Greenleaf ‘The Influence ofEuropean Data Privacy StandardsOutside Europe: Implications forGlobalisation of Convention 108’ (2012)2(2) International Data Privacy Law andon SSRN.<http://ssrn.com/abstract=1960299>.

14 Canada; Argentina; Israel; Uruguay;New Zealand; US ‘Safe Harbor’; somelimited PNR schemes.

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NEWS

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Trilogue commits to adopt EUDP Regulation by end of 2015The EU Data Protection Regulation and the ‘Police’ Directive are a package to benegotiated and adopted together, declared the Trilogue, the European Commission, theEuropean Parliament and the Council of Ministers. By Laura Linkomies.

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR NN

NEWS

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dê~Ü~ã= ë~áÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= oÉÖìä~íáçå= ~åÇ= íÜÉÚmçäáÅÉÛ= aáêÉÅíáîÉ= áë= îÉêó= áãéçêí~åíKeÉáÖÜíÉåÉÇ= ëÉÅìêáíó= ÅçåÅÉêåëÉåÅçìê~ÖÉÇ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~Çë=çÑ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=íçÑáåÇ=~=Åçããçå=éçëáíáçå=~í=íÜÉ=`çìåÅáäèìáÅâÉê=íÜ~å=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=êÉ~äëÉåëÉ= çÑ= ìêÖÉåÅó= ÄÉÜáåÇ= íÜÉ= êÉÑçêãåçïÒ= ÇÉëéáíÉ= ã~åó= áëëìÉë= ÅçãéÉíáåÖÑçê=íÜÉáê=~ííÉåíáçåI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=dêÉÉÅÉ=~åÇáããáÖê~íáçå=Ñêçã=^ÑêáÅ~K

te^q klt\bÇì~êÇç= rëí~ê~åI= m~êíåÉê= ~í= eçÖ~åiçîÉääëI=ë~áÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=åÉï=ä~ï=áë=~äêÉ~ÇóÜÉêÉ= Ó= áíë= éêçîáëáçåë= ~êÉ= ÄÉáåÖáåíÉêéêÉíÉÇ= ~ë= áÑ= áå= éä~ÅÉK= qÜáë= Å~å= ÄÉëÉÉå= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅÉåí= Å~ëÉë= ~Äçìí~ééäáÅ~ÄáäáíóK= qÜÉ= oÉÖìä~íáçå= ïáääÉëí~ÄäáëÜ= ~ééäáÅ~Äáäáíó= Ä~ëÉÇ= çåêÉëáÇÉåÅóW= Åçãé~åáÉë= çìíëáÇÉ= íÜÉ= brçÑÑÉêáåÖ= ÖççÇë= ~åÇ= ëÉêîáÅÉë= íç= brÅçåëìãÉêëI= çê= ãçåáíçêáåÖ= íÜÉáêÄÉÜ~îáçìê= ïáää= Ñ~ää= ìåÇÉê= íÜÉ= êìäÉëKmêçÅÉëëáåÖ= ïáää= ÄÉ= äççâÉÇ= ~í= áå= íÜÉÅçåíÉñí=çÑ=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=~Åíáîáíó=~ë=~äêÉ~ÇóëÉÉå= áå= íÜÉ= dççÖäÉ= oáÖÜí= íç= ÄÉcçêÖçííÉå=Å~ëÉK=

qÜÉ= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= çÑ= am^ë= ïáääÅÜ~åÖÉW= íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=a~í~=mêçíÉÅíáçå_ç~êÇ=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=çîÉêëáÖÜí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=låÉJpíçéJpÜçé= ÚäáÖÜíÛ= ïáää= ÅÜ~åÖÉÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåíK= `çãé~åáÉë= éêçîáÇáåÖëÉêîáÅÉë=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=br=åÉÉÇ=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉÅêÉÇáÄäÉ= br= ÅçåíêçääÉê= ïáíÜ= ëçãÉÇÉÅáëáçåJã~âáåÖ= Å~é~Äáäáíó= ~åÇáåíÉê~Åíáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉáê=ÚäÉ~ÇÛ=~ìíÜçêáíóK=

qÜÉ= oÉÖìä~íáçå= áë= åçí= áååçî~íáîÉÉåçìÖÜ= Ó= íÜÉêÉ= áë= åç= éçäáíáÅ~ä= ïáää= íçÉëí~ÄäáëÜ= ~= íêìÉ= låÉJpíçéJpÜçéIÒrëí~ê~å=ë~áÇK

Article 29 Group’s letter to theCommission: http://tinyurl.com/3bo2oboCouncil’s general agreement:http://tinyurl.com/q4mtfwu

INFORMATION

NO========^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

LEGISLATION

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Canada’s Digital Privacy Actintroduces breach notification et alRobin M. Bayley and Colin J. Bennett report from Canada on the new provisionsincluding those on enforcement.

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LEGISLATION

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Robin M. Bayley, President, LindenConsulting: RB@LindenConsult.ca andProfessor Colin J. Bennett, Departmentof Political Science, University of Victoria.BC. Canada: cjb@uvic.ca

AUTHORS

1 A detailed analysis comparing 2014 BillS-4 and previous versions, may befound in the Legislative Summary byDara Lithwick, Legal and Social AffairsDivision, Parliamentary Informationand Research Service titled Bill S-4:An Act to amend the PersonalInformation Protection and ElectronicDocuments Act and to make aconsequential amendment to anotherAct, Publication No. 41-2-S4-E 11June 2014, ©Library of Parliament,Ottawa, Canada, 2014, found at:http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/LegislativeSummaries/41/2/s4-e.pdf

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EU-US Safe Harbor at crossroads:A solution is urgently neededThe EU, despite its request for a review, agrees that the agreement is valuable and cannotsimply be aborted. But the EU’s demands have not yet been fully met. By Laura Linkomies and Oliver Butler.

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© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR NR

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Transparency1. Self-certified companies should publicly

disclose their privacy policies. 2. Privacy policies of self-certified

companies’ websites should alwaysinclude a link to the Department ofCommerce Safe Harbor website whichlists all the ‘current’ members of thescheme.

3. Self-certified companies should publishprivacy conditions of any contracts theyconclude with sub-contractors, forexample, cloud computing services.

4. Clearly flag on the website of theDepartment of Commerce all companieswhich are current and lapsed membersof the scheme.

Redress5. The privacy policies on companies’

websites should include a link to thealternative dispute resolution (ADR)provider.

6. ADR should be readily available andaffordable.

7. The Department of Commerce shouldmonitor more systematically ADRproviders regarding the transparency andaccessibility of information they provideconcerning the procedure they use andthe follow-up they give to complaints.

Enforcement8. Following the certification or

recertification of companies under SafeHarbor, a certain percentage of thesecompanies should be subject to exofficio investigations of effectivecompliance of their privacy policies(going beyond control of compliancewith formal requirements).

9. Whenever there has been a finding ofnon-compliance, following a complaintor an investigation, the company shouldbe subject to a follow-up specificinvestigation after 1 year.

10. In case of doubts about a company'scompliance or pending complaints, theDepartment of Commerce should informthe competent EU Data ProtectionAuthority.

11. False claims of Safe Harbor adherenceshould continue to be investigated.

Access by US authorities12. Privacy policies of self-certified

companies should include information onthe extent to which US law allows publicauthorities to collect and process datatransferred under the Safe Harbor. Inparticular, companies should beencouraged to indicate in their privacypolicies when they apply exceptions to thePrinciples to meet national security, publicinterest or law enforcement requirements.

13. It is important that the national securityexception foreseen by the Safe HarborDecision is used only to an extent that isstrictly necessary or proportionate.

THE 13 RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE EU

Laura Linkomies is PL&B Editor. OliverButler is a PhD student at CambridgeUniversity and PL&B Correspondent.

AUTHORS

NS =======^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

LEGISLATION

The consumer protection foundations of FTC privacy enforcement The FTC derives its authority to protect consumers from an amendment to the FTC Act, so-called “Section 5”. Section5 gives the FTC broad authority to provide remedies for consumers harmed by deceptive or unfair practices in themarket place. It is a flexible statute that grants the FTC consumer protection authority that changes as technologies andbusiness practices change – an authority that dates from the days of newspaper and radio advertising but servesequally well in the era of connected devices, mobile payments and facial recognition.

To protect consumers from deception, the FTC had long held that it would presume a company’s expressrepresentations to consumers, as well as certain implied representations, about a good or service are material toconsumers’ decisions about whether to use it. We have brought hundreds of cases against companies for makingdeceptive claims in advertising. We have shut down scams that falsely promise to deliver credit repair, mortgage relief,business opportunities, and other services that predominantly target vulnerable consumers. And we have been a leaderin stopping robocalls and abusive telemarketing practices.

Using our deception and unfairness authority under Section 5, we have brought cases and entered into privacy and datasecurity settlements with some of the largest companies in the world, including Google, Facebook, Twitter, andSnapchat, as well as small companies that may not be household names. The settlements in these cases – more than40 of them dealing with privacy, and nearly 60 dealing with data security – have brought greater protections forconsumers in the United States, in Europe, and around the world.

In addition to Section 5, the US has numerous privacy laws that apply to specific types of businesses or types ofinformation, and the FTC has a role in enforcing many of them. Laws that protect privacy in healthcare, credit reporting,education, communications, financial institutions, children’s information, and other specifically defined sectors or datasubjects, along with state laws modelled on the FTC Act, all work alongside Section 5.

The interwoven threads of statutory authority, case law, and, yes, history that backs the FTC’s labors to protectconsumers and their privacy online presents quite a different picture from the single, unified regulation that theinstitutions of the European Union are striving to enact. But in terms of practical protections and the privacy values thatEurope and the United States protect, we are not too far apart. Just as one would expect of a comprehensive law suchas the EU Data Protection Directive, Section 5 has allowed the FTC to address an incredibly wide range of privacy anddata security practices. This includes action against mobile apps, social networks, ad networks, purveyors of malwareand spyware, and retailers. Section 5 also provides the basis for the FTC’s Safe Harbor enforcement and so plays apivotal role in sustaining a program that is central to data flows between Europe and the United States.

This focus on applying longstanding privacy and data security principles to new technologies and business practicesleads to a question that has been vigorously discussed in Washington, in Silicon Valley, and elsewhere in the UnitedStates: Should rights and obligations based on the Fair Information Practice Principles be incorporated into a baselineprivacy law in the U.S.? My answer is “yes.” An appropriate baseline privacy law would accomplish two useful goals: it would create strong, specific, and enforceable protections for consumers, and it would set out clearer rules of the roadfor businesses, especially when dealing with sensitive information. The discussion draft that the Obama Administrationreleased earlier this year didn’t provide these strong, bottom-line protections, but the draft started an importantconversation about what baseline privacy legislation in the U.S. should look like. It is a conversation that needs to continue.

EXTRACT OF JULIE BRILL’S SPEECH AT PL&B 28TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 6-8 JULY 2015

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR NT

MANAGEMENT

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How can legitimate interestswork for you?Relying on legitimate interests as a processing condition is uncertain due to the revision ofthe EU DP framework. How to process data fairly? By Lyndsey Shaw.

Lyndsey Shaw is a PL&B Correspondent.

AUTHOR

This article is based on a presentation byJanet Lane, Privacy Counsel, andMichael Smith, Assistant General GeneralCounsel, Experian, on 7 July at PL&B’sAnnual International Conference.

INFORMATION

MANAGEMENT

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qÜÉ= `çããáëëáçå= Åçåëáëíë= çÑ= UMéÉçéäÉ= áå= éìÄäáÅI= äÉÖ~äI= ÅçããìåáÅJ~íáçåë= ~åÇ= çéÉê~íáçå~ä= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíKråÇÉê=íÜÉ=aìíÅÜ=a~í~=mêçíÉÅíáçå=^ÅíIíÜÉ= `çããáëëáçå= áë= êÉëéçåëáÄäÉ= Ñçêê~áëáåÖ=~ï~êÉåÉëë=~åÇ=ÖáîáåÖ=~ÇîáÅÉK=fåOMMTI= íÜÉ= `çããáëëáçå= ï~ë= ÖáîÉåáåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ~åÇ= áåëéÉÅíáçåéçïÉêëK= qÜáë= ã~êâÉÇ= ~= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= çÑÇáêÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=~ääçïÉÇ=áí=íç=ëÉí=áíë=çïåéêáçêáíáÉë= ~ë= ~= ëìéÉêîáëçêó= ~ìíÜçêáíóKqçãÉëÉå= ~êÖìÉÇ= íÜ~í= áí=ï~ë= åÉÅÉëë~êóíç= ~ääçï= íÜÉ= `çããáëëáçå= íÜáëÇáëÅêÉíáçå=íç=ÇÉÅáÇÉ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=çê=åçí=íç~ÅíI= çíÜÉêïáëÉ= áíë= Å~ëÉäç~Ç= ïçìäÇ= ÄÉìåã~å~ÖÉ~ÄäÉK

tÜÉíÜÉê= Ç~í~= éêçíÉÅíáçå= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉë~êÉ= ~ääçïÉÇ= ÇáëÅêÉíáçå= áå= ëÉííáåÖ= íÜÉáêÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= éêáçêáíáÉë= áë= åçï= ~éêÉäáãáå~êó=èìÉëíáçå=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ= çìêí=çÑgìëíáÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= bìêçéÉ~å= råáçåKN

qçãÉëÉå=êÉã~êâÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜáë=ï~ë=~=îÉêóáãéçêí~åí= Å~ëÉ= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= ÇáëÅêÉíáçå~êóÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=ëíê~íÉÖáÉë=~êÉ=~í=íÜÉ=ÅçêÉ=çÑaìíÅÜ=éê~ÅíáÅÉK=qÜáë=áë=~äëç=íêìÉ=çÑ=ã~åóçíÜÉê= Ç~í~= éêçíÉÅíáçå= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK= ^ÑíÉêOMMTI= qçãÉëÉå= ë~áÇI= íÜÉ= ÑçÅìë= çåÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ï~ë= àìëí= ~ëI= áÑ= åçí= ãçêÉIÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ= ~í= ê~áëáåÖ= ~ï~êÉåÉëë= çÑ= Ç~í~éêçíÉÅíáçå= çÄäáÖ~íáçåëK= fí= Éå~ÄäÉÇ= íÜÉ`çããáëëáçå=íç=êÉ~ÅÜ=~=ä~êÖÉê=éìÄäáÅI=ÑçêÉñ~ãéäÉ= íÜêçìÖÜ= ãÉÇá~= ÅçîÉê~ÖÉ= çÑÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåíK= mêÉëë= ÅçîÉê~ÖÉ= çÑ

France and Holland differ on DPcompliance and enforcementOliver Butler reports on developments in enforcement in France and the Netherlands.

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qçãÉëÉå= ~êÖìÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= ïÉêÉáãéçêí~åí= èìÉëíáçåë= çÑ= Üçï= íç= ìëÉêÉëçìêÅÉë= ~åÇI= áå= é~êíáÅìä~êI= Üçï= íçéêáçêáíáëÉ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= íç= ã~âÉ= íÜÉ= ÄÉëíéçëëáÄäÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜçëÉ= êÉëçìêÅÉëK= qÜÉ`çããáëëáçå= ã~âÉë= éêÉäáãáå~êóÑáåÇáåÖë= ~åÇ= ÉåÖ~ÖÉë= ïáíÜ= Åçãé~åáÉëÑçê= áåÑçêã~íáçå= íÜêçìÖÜ= ~= ê~åÖÉ= çÑãÉíÜçÇë= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= äÉííÉêë= ~åÇ= ëáíÉáåëéÉÅíáçåëK= fíë= éêÉäáãáå~êó= ÑáåÇáåÖë~êÉ= íÜÉå= ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉÇ= íççêÖ~åáë~íáçåë= ÄÉÑçêÉ= ÄÉáåÖ= Ñáå~äáëÉÇ~åÇ= ã~ÇÉ= éìÄäáÅ= ïáíÜ= ~ééêçéêá~íÉêÉÇ~ÅíáçåëK=qÜÉ=`çããáëëáçå=Å~å=ã~âÉìëÉ= çÑ= ÅçåÇáíáçå~ä= ÑáåÉë= íç= ~ÅÜáÉîÉÅçãéäá~åÅÉ= ~åÇ= Å~å= áëëìÉ= çêÇÉêëêÉèìáêáåÖ= êÉÅáéáÉåíë= íç= ëíçé= ìåä~ïÑìäéêçÅÉëëáåÖK= qÜÉ= `çããáëëáçå= Ü~ë= åçéçïÉê= íç= áãéçëÉ= Ñáå~åÅá~ä= éÉå~äíáÉëI~äíÜçìÖÜ= áí=ïáää=Ö~áå= íÜÉëÉ= áå=OMNSK= fíëéê~ÅíáÅÉ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= íç= ìëÉ= áíë= éçïÉê= íçáëëìÉ= ÅçåÇáíáçå~ä= ÑáåÉë= Å~êÉÑìääó= ~åÇåçí=íç=íêÉ~í=ÑáåáåÖ=~ë=~å=ÉåÇ=çÑ=áíëÉäÑK=

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© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR NV

MANAGEMENT

Oliver Butler is a PhD student atCambridge University and a PL&BCorrespondent.

AUTHOR

1 A set of preliminary questions lodgedby the Dutch Council of State at theCourt of Justice of the EU.Case: ECJ C-192/15

REFERENCE

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OM=======^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

MANAGEMENT

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qeb pq^ccW=lkiv lkb lo qtlOSN=Ç~í~=éêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑÑáÅÉêë=èìÉëíáçåÉÇëí~íÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉó=Ü~Ç= ~å= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= çÑ= NKTëí~ÑÑ= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= íç= íÜÉã= ÇáêÉÅíäó= ÑçêÅ~êêóáåÖ= çìí= íÜÉáê= ÇìíáÉëK= qÜáë= áëIåÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI= PMB= ãçêÉ= ÉãéäçóÉÉë~î~áä~ÄäÉ= Ñçê= ëìééçêí= çå= ~îÉê~ÖÉ= íÜ~åï~ë= êÉéçêíÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= a~í~= mêçíÉÅíáçåmê~ÅíáÅÉ=OMNOÒN êÉëìäíëK=RQB=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ç~í~éêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑÑáÅÉêë=åÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëë=ÅçåëáÇÉêíÜÉ=ëìééçêí=çÑ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=éÉêëçååÉä=íç=ÄÉë~íáëÑ~ÅíçêóÒ= çê= Ñ~áêäó= ë~íáëÑ~ÅíçêóÒÑçê= íÜÉ= ÑìäÑáääãÉåí=çÑ= íÜÉáê=ÇìíáÉëK=qÜÉî~ëí= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= Ç~í~= éêçíÉÅíáçåçÑÑáÅÉêë=ëÉÉ=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅá~äáëÉÇ=ÇÉé~êíãÉåíëáå=íÜÉ=Åçãé~åó=~ë=ÅççéÉê~íáîÉK

EU should follow the Germanexample of mandatory DPOsSurvey results show that the effectiveness of the German model makes a positive case forthe introduction of company data protection officers throughout Europe. By Marcus Belke.

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR ON

MANAGEMENT

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MANAGEMENT/NEWS

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1 “Data Protection Practice 2015” isavailable in German and English:2B Advice GmbH / TechnischeUniversität Dortmund (Publisher): DataProtection Practice 2012. The study canbe downloaded here: https://www.2b-advice.com/GmbH-en/Study-Data-Protection-Practice-2015

REFERENCE

Marcus Belke, an attorney and CEO, 2BAdvice, an international data privacyconsulting group. www.2b-advice.com.

AUTHOR

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Passenger Name Records and data miningcause privacy concerns

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European Data Protection Supervisor takes astance on trade agreements and data flows

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR OP

NEWS

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CNIL enforces cookies rules in France

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Compilation of US federal and state privacy laws

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Bermuda proposes DP law

OQ=======^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

LEGISLATION

The 2014 SPC Regulation will encourage an increase in civil actions for privacy remediesin China. By Scott Livingston and Graham Greenleaf.

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Tort liability for online privacyviolations in China

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR OR

LEGISLATION

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LEGISLATION

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1 Although this article will emphasise the“right to privacy” aspect of Arts. 2 and36, the “civil rights and interests”protected in these provisions are muchbroader than simply the “right toprivacy,” encompassing such additionalrights as the “right to reputation,” and“right to life,” as well as variousintellectual property rights such ascopyright or patent ownership.

2 To date, the bulk of Article 36 caseshave involved claims of online IPviolations.

3 The SPC released with the Regulationa set of eight representative casesinvolving, inter alia, aspects of anindividual's "right to privacy" or "right toreputation," to illustrate its majorprovisions. They do not add anything toits substantive content on privacy.

4 Luo Sha, Xu Wei, “Standardizing CaseTrials of Online Torts, The SupremePeople’s Court Issues a JudicialInterpretation,” Xinhua News, October10, 2014, available at:https://chinacopyrightandmedia.wordpress.com/2014/10/10/xinhua-standardizing-case-trials-of-online-torts-the-supreme-peoples-court-issues-a-judicial-interpretation/

5 An individual who commits a wrongfulact that injures another and for whichthe law provides a legal right to seekrelief.

6 The first paragraph of Art. 12 reads infull: “Where network users of networkservice providers use the network topublicize genetic information, medicalhistory materials, health inspectionmaterials, criminal records, householdaddresses, private activities and otherpersonal information or personal

privacy of natural persons, resulting inharm to the other person, and theperson suffering infringement demandsthey bear tort liability, the People’sCourt shall support this.”

7 Livingston, S and Greenleaf, G "ChinaWhys and wherefores: Illegal provisionof personal data under Chinese law"(2014) Privacy Laws & BusinessInternational Report, Oct 2014, p. 1-5.(Examining China’s use of Article253(a) of the PRC Criminal Law toprosecute instances of illegal purchaseor sale of a citizen’s personalinformation).

8 See e.g. Tim Hume, “Chinese WebGiants Join Forces in Crackdown onOnline Rumors,” CNN, August 2, 2013available at:http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/02/world/asia/china-online-rumor-crackdown/

9 Te-Ping Chen, “China Closes 21stCentury Business Herald’s Website,”Wall Street Journal, April 30, 2015,available at:http://www.wsj.com/articles/china-closes-21st-century-business-heralds-website-1430402223

10 Edward Wong, “CCTV, China’sPropaganda Tool, Finds Itself at Centerof Anti-graft Drive,” New York Times,Feb. 13, 2015, available at:http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/14/world/asia/cctv-china-central-television-corruption.html

11 In January 2015, China’s CyberspaceAdministration of China, Ministry ofIndustry and Information Technology,and other ministries launched acampaign to end the quid-pro-quopractice of deleting online posts formoney. See e.g.

http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1296314

12 The previous laws include the SupremePeople’s Court Provisions on SeveralIssues regarding the Hearing ofAdministrative Cases Involving PublicGovernment Information (2011),providing that citizens can takeadministrative actions against Stateagencies which publish informationinterfering with their privacy, and theNational People’s Congress StandingCommittee 2012 Decision whichprohibits State agencies or theiremployees from disclosing, selling orillegally providing to others citizens’personal electronic information. Fordetails see G Greenleaf Asian DataPrivacy Laws (OUP, 2014), pgs 221-23‘Public sector personal information inChina’.

13 For further discussion of this law see“China Enacts New Data PrivacyLegislation,” Covington E-Alert January11, 2013 (Covington & Burling,available online); G Greenleaf AsianData Privacy Laws (OUP, 2014),Chapter 7.

14 See e.g. “Five Model Cases Publishedby the Supreme People’s Court,” June2014. (“作为专业视频分享网站的土豆网是影响力较大的专业网络服务提供者,”(“Tudou, as a professional videosharing website, is a professionalnetwork service provider withparticularly large influence.”)

15 S Livingston and G Greenleaf 'ChinaWhys and Wherefores – IllegalProvision and Obtaining of PersonalInformation Under Chinese Law'(October, 2014) 131 Privacy Laws &Business International Report 1-5.

REFERENCES

Scott Livingston is an American Lawyerspecialising in Chinese technology anddata privacy law. Graham Greenleaf isPL&B’s Asia Pacific Editor.

AUTHORS

OU=======^rdrpq=OMNR PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT © 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS

ANALYSIS

Lisa Peets and Ezra Steinhardt argue that the EU proposal for a new DP frameworkcould curtail profiling and affect EU firms’ competitiveness.

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Balancing between data protectionand other EU Treaty objectives

© 2015 PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS PRIVACY LAWS & BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL REPORT ^rdrpq=OMNR OV

ANALYSIS

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fÑ= íÜÉ= åÉï=damo=éêçîÉë= ~ë= äçåÖJäáîÉÇ=~ë=íÜÉ=a~í~=mêçíÉÅíáçå=aáêÉÅíáîÉ=áíêÉéä~ÅÉëI= íÜáë= ã~ó= ÄÉ= íÜÉ= ÄÉëíçééçêíìåáíó= íÜÉó= Ü~îÉ= íç= ãÉÉí= íÜ~íäÉÖ~ä= áãéÉê~íáîÉI=Äó= êÉÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ= ~åóéêçéçë~äë=íÜ~í=ÇÉã~åÇ=ìååÉÅÉëë~êó=çêÇáëéêçéçêíáçå~íÉ=ë~ÅêáÑáÅÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=brÛëÉÅçåçãáÅ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=çÄàÉÅíáîÉëK

Lisa Peets, Partner, Covington & BurlingLLP & Ezra Steinhardt, Associate,Covington & Burling LLP.Emails: lpeets@cov.com andesteinhardt@cov.com

AUTHORS

1 See “Commission proposes acomprehensive reform of dataprotection rules to increase users'control of their data and to cut costs forbusinesses,” 25 January 2012, availableat: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-46_en.htm.

2 See European Commission, “The DigitalAgenda for Europe – Driving Europeangrowth digitally,” (COM(2012) 784), 18December 2012, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=1381.

3 See European Commission, “A DigitalSingle Market for Europe: Commissionsets out 16 initiatives to make it

happen,” 6 May 2015, available at:http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-4919_en.htm

4 See Everson, M. and Correia Conçalves,R., 2014. “Article 16.” In: Peers, S., et al.,eds. “The EU Charter of FundamentalRights: A Commentary,” Oxford: HartPublishing, p.438, at [16.01].

5 Ibid., p.439, at [16.04].6 See, to that effect, the judgment of the

CJEU in Joined Cases C‑293/12 andC‑594/12 Digital Rights Ireland andothers, at [46], and the jurisprudencecited therein.

7 See McAfee, A., and Brynjolfsson, E.,2012. “Big Data: The Management

Revolution,” Harvard Business Review90:60–68.

8 See McKinsey Global Institute, “BigData: The Next Frontier for Innovation,Competition, and Productivity,” June2011, available at: http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/big_data_the_next_frontier_for_innovation

9 See Christensen, L., Colciago, A., Etro,F., and Rafert, G., 2013. “The Impact ofthe Data Protection Regulation in theE.U.” Intertic Policy Paper, 2013,available at: http://www.intertic.org/Policy%20Papers/CCER.pdf

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ICO looks into what individuals want from dataprotection and from Data Protection AuthoritiesfåÇáîáÇì~äë= ~Åêçëë= íÜÉ= br= Ü~îÉÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= éêáçêáíáÉë= ~åÇ= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëIÄìí= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ëçãÉ= ÅçããçåäóêÉÅìêêáåÖ= íÜÉãÉë= çÑ= ïÜ~í= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅï~åí= Ñêçã=Ç~í~=éêçíÉÅíáçåK=^ÅÅçêÇáåÖíç=íÜÉ=f`lI=íÜçëÉ=~êÉW=√ ===`çåíêçä=çîÉê=íÜÉáê=éÉêëçå~ä=Ç~í~√= ==qê~åëé~êÉåÅó=Ó=íÜÉó=ï~åí=íç=âåçï

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PL&B’s International Report will help you to:Stay informed of data protection legislativedevelopments in 100+ countries.

Learn from others’ experience through case studies and analysis.

Incorporate compliance solutions into your business strategy.

Find out about future regulatory plans.

Understand laws, regulations, court and tribunal decisions and what they will mean to you.

Be alert to future privacy and dataprotection law issues that will affect your organisation’s compliance.

Single User AccessInternational Edition £500 + VAT*UK Edition £400 + VAT*UK & International Combined Edition £800 + VAT** VAT only applies to UK based subscribers

Multi User AccessDiscounts for 2-4 or 5-25 users – see website for details.

Subscription DiscountsSpecial charity and academic rate:50% discount on all prices. Use HPSUB when subscribing.Number of years: 2 (10% discount) or 3 (15% discount) year subscriptions.

International Postage (outside UK):Individual International or UK EditionRest of Europe = £22, Outside Europe = £30 Combined International and UK EditionsRest of Europe = £44, Outside Europe = £60

PL&B’s International Report is a powerhouse of informationthat provides relevant insight across a variety of jurisdictionsin a timely manner. Mark Keddie, Chief Privacy Officer, BT Retail, UK

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www.privacylaws.com/UK

Satisfaction GuaranteeIf you are dissatisfied with the Report in any way, the unexpired portion of your subscription will be repaid.