play true 2007 - winter - revolution-evolution...2016/05/03 · play true issue 3 - 2007 an...

play trueISSUE 3 - 2007 AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY

Record PaceStill early out of the blocks, the global anti-doping movement has

fostered a new imperative of sportsmanship and fair play that nowextends to every level of athletic competition. Play True examines

this revolution in sport and discusses anti-doping’s likely evolutionon the occasion of the Third World Conference on Doping in Sport.

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play trueAN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY

CONTACT:

THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCYE-MAIL: [email protected]: www.wada-ama.org

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EDITORELIZABETH HUNTER

CONTRIBUTORSELIZABETH HUNTER JAMES ROACHFRÉDÉRIC DONZÉ STACY SPLETZER

TRANSLATIONSFRÉDÉRIC DONZÉ

PHOTOSSTACY SPLETZER (ATHLETE OUTREACH)IBU

DESIGN AND LAYOUTANTHONY PHILBIN COMMUNICATIONS

The information published in the Play True magazinewas correct at time of printing. The opinions expressedare those of the authors alone and do not necessarilyreflect the opinions of WADA.

Reproduction of articles of the Play True magazine isencouraged. For permission, please send your writtenrequest to the WADA Communications Department [email protected]. Play True magazine must becredited in any reproduction.

RR..WW.. PPoouunndd ::PPaarrttiinngg TThhoouugghhttss

Richard W. Pound reflects onhis soon-to-be-completedmandate as WADA’s firstPresident and Chairman.

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DDaavviidd HHoowwmmaann::AA TTrriibbuuttee ttoo RRiicchhaarrdd PPoouunndd

Acknowledging the man,his values and the incrediblecommitment he has madeto the cause of anti-dopingin its first eight yearsas a global movement.

PPaaggee 22

AAnnttii--DDooppiinngg::FFrroomm RReevvoolluuttiioonn ttoo EEvvoolluuttiioonn

Retracing the evolution of the globalcampaign against doping in sport, beginning with the revolutionary act of Sport and Government uniting and continuing through to the Third World Conference.

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FFrroomm RReevvoolluuttiioonn ttoo EEvvoolluuttiioonn::RReellaatteedd AArrttiicclleess

MMaarrkkiinngg MMaajjoorr MMiilleessttoonneess......................................................................................pp..55MMaakkiinngg aanndd EEvvoolluuttiioonn ooff tthhee CCooddee..............................................................pp..99EEsssseennttiiaall RRoollee ooff GGoovveerrnnmmeennttss..................................................................pp..1133SSttrraatteeggiicc AAccttiivviittiieess:: OOuuttccoommeess aanndd AAddvvaanncceess..................pp..1144

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contents

IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn aanndd EEdduuccaattiioonn iinn IInnddiiaa

WADA reviews India’s progress indeveloping anti-doping institutionswhile conducting information andeducation sessions in conjunctionwith the Indian Ministry of YouthAffairs and Sports.

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CCooddee CCoommpplliiaannccee UUppddaattee

A review of stakeholder responsi-bilities and the WADA resourcesavailable to them leading up to the2008 mandatory compliancereporting deadline.

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EEtthhiiccss,, EEnnhhaanncceemmeenntt aanndd SSppoorrtt

The Hastings Center is the world'sfirst research institution devotedto bioethics. Its President,Tom Murray, presents ethicsarguments supporting thefight against doping.

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AAtthhlleettee OOuuttrreeaacchh

A review of recent athleteoutreach events and of thenew resources now availableto assist stakeholders withtheir own outreach programs.

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AAtthhlleettee PPrrooffiillee:: MMaarrccuuss VViinníícciiuuss FFrreeiirree

The Olympic Silver Medalist andthree-time Brazilian delegationChef de Mission discusses the roleof teamwork in fostering successfulapproaches to anti-doping.

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WWAADDAA UUppddaatteess && CCaalleennddaarr PPgg

Streamlining Web-basedSpanish-Language Content............3300

2008 Prohibited List ...........................3300New WADA Education Director.........3300WADA Event Calendar........................3355

PPaarrttnneerr PPrrooffiillee:: IIBBUU

International Biathlon Union (IBU)Secretary General Michael Geistlingerdiscusses the progress made by theorganization in the aftermath of theTurin Olympic Games.

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CChhiinnaa UUppddaattee

China’s new anti-doping agencyis the only new agency thegovernment has created duringa period when it has sought tolimit its growth. These and otherdetails from the WADA president’ssecond trip to the country.

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GGlloobbaall EExxppaannssiioonn

A review of the ground-breakingwork that WADA has achieved inhelping to establish 14 RegionalAnti-Doping Organizationsserving 119 countries.

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More than eight years agoGovernment and Sport cametogether to combat the greatestthreat ethical sport has ever known.They agreed on the creation of aninternational agency whose missionis focused squarely on combatingdoping. I was handed the challenge

of establishing and leading theWorld Anti-Doping Agency, which Iaccepted with a profound sense ofresponsibility, knowing that inmany respects, the future of sportand the health of athletes were inour hands. I have taken thisresponsibility very seriously andhave given it my full energy.

I am extremely proud of what weall have accomplished by workingtogether during this relatively briefperiod. The Foundation Board andits leadership, stakeholders aroundthe globe and our highly dedicatedstaff have firmly established thisagency as a unique partnershipbetween Sport and Government,have brought together manystakeholders and perspectivesinto one single set of rules foranti-doping, covering all athletesin all sports and all countries,have established the first and onlycoordinated scientific researchprogram for the detection ofperformance enhancingsubstances, have expandedthe reach of anti-doping inunderserved regions throughour development program.The list goes on.

This special issue of Play True,published in time for distribution atthe Third World Conference onDoping in Sport, provides ahistorical perspective of ourprogress—beginning with therevolutionary act of Sport andGovernment joining forces to

confront the scourge of doping,and then developing into asustained and ever-evolvingmovement that builds on thefoundation, draws on ourexperience and looks to the future.

And looking towards the future,there is much more to do.

Recent events tell us that doping ismuch more pervasive than some ofthe most cynical observers mightever have imagined. For one, incertain camps, the conduct of thepast has allowed doping to takeroot and spread, like a cancer,taking over the culture of certainsports. Today, the question forsome is, can our sport survive?Pressure and assistance, togetherwith support for improved efforts,must be increased to ensure thatthese organizations take the rightsteps, now.

The science of detection andlaboratory performance need to bebeyond criticism, including limitingthe possibility of false negative testsor legal loopholes. Those involvedin the fight against doping in sportmust also be willing to stand

behind the reliable science andrespond to those who make falseor unsupported statements (almostalways with a degree of self-interest) attacking the science.Similarly, more resources andpartnerships are needed in theresearch field to ensure that anti-

doping keeps up with theopportunistic and entrepreneurialscience of cheating by doping.

Major break-ups of massivemanufacturing and traffickingrings, most recently the OperationRaw Deal, confirm what wealready knew, that doping is acrisis of international proportionand impact. But not all countrieshave the regulatory framework thatallows law enforcement authoritiesto stem the rise of these nefariousschemes. All governments need toaccelerate the process of ratifyingthe UNESCO InternationalConvention against Doping in Sportand applying its tenets in earnest.

Not all countries are activelyengaged in anti-doping. Theinternational spotlight needs to befocused on those countries so thatthey are held accountable for theirpart in the global harmonized fightagainst doping. WADA’sdevelopment program has madeinroads. Now all need toparticipate. The absence of evenone country from the fight againstdoping risks upsetting the balancesought for a level playing field.

Parting Thoughts

Richard W. Pound, WADA President & Chairman

1 play true - issue 3 - 2007

In a knee-jerk reaction to the recent proliferation of doping scandals, certain individuals

argue for legalization. This position is incomprehensible, irresponsible and reprehensible in

light of the dangers doping poses to athlete health and the future of sport, and it needs to be

put to rest once and for all.

David Howman, WADA Director General

A Tribute to Richard W. Pound

As we prepare for the ThirdWorld Conference on Dopingin Sport and for the changingof the guard in the selection ofa government representative tobecome WADA’s next president,I take this opportunity onbehalf of everybody, to expressour warmest gratitude toRichard Pound.

Richard dedicated his effortsand skills to the creation of whathas become a highly effectiveinstitution, for the benefit of youthand sport, around the globeand for generations to come.

In the time that I have workedwith Richard, I have beenreminded regularly of hisconvictions and his ability. Hebrought a calm and reassuringpresence, coupled with soundjudgment, fresh thinkingand unflinching candour.

Some might characterize hiscandour as perhaps not alwaysentirely politically correct.But one thing is certain,

Richard has always had thecourage to speak the unvarnishedtruth, and that is what hasbeen required to effect change.

Indeed, throughout the eight yearshe has led WADA, Richard hashad the vision to see the largerstrategic picture and the courageto follow it through. Our successis a measure and a recognitionof his vision and leadership.

We gather at this WorldConference to look to the future,with a newly revised World Anti-Doping Code, a new leadership,and certainly in anticipationof new and unpredictablechallenges. We are emboldenedby the legacy Richard leavesand the example he has set.

To quote the Roman poetManlius “the end dependsupon the beginning” andthanks to Richard’s leadership,we could not have been givena better beginning.

David HowmanDirector General

Education can no longer play aback seat to other strategies in anti-doping. Children need to hear themessage and be given the tools, ata very young age, to respond in themost healthful way when confrontedwith the question of doping. Norshould the educational process belimited to children. It needs to affectthe entire spectrum of society.

In a knee-jerk reaction to the recentproliferation of doping scandals,certain individuals argue forlegalization. This position isincomprehensible, irresponsible andreprehensible in light of the dangersdoping poses to athlete health andthe future of sport, and it needs tobe put to rest once and for all.

In a sense, in this complex systemthat is the global harmonized fightagainst doping, we are only asstrong as our weakest link. Thefuture will depend on howsuccessful we are in strengtheningthese areas.

Whatever strategies and tools arebrought to confront these specifictrials, from our present and pastexperience, I know there is nopanacea. The fight against doping isa living exercise requiring vigilanceand fortitude.

Your responsibility is now toredouble your efforts and to keep themomentum going forward.You willneed to think anew about how tokeep young athletes free from thedangers of doping and protect theintrinsic value sport has in thedevelopment of future generations.

Richard W. PoundPresident & Chairman

RevolutionFrom

Looking toward the future of the fight against doping in sport, PlayTrue retraces the evolution of the global campaign, beginning with theevent that catapulted Governments and Sport into a revolutionary actof allying forces at the First World Conference on Doping in 1999.

Also in this Section:

• World Conferences: Marking Major Milestones......p.5• The Code: Making & Evolution.................................p.9• The Essential Role of Governments.......................p.13• Strategic Activities: Outcomes & Advances...........p.14

Evolution

4play true - issue 3 - 2007

The Festina doping scandal that rocked cyclingin 1998 catapulted Sport and Governments of theworld into action. Concerns about the harms ofdoping to the health of athletes and to the integrityof sport—concerns that had been growing overthe previous decades—exploded with Festina,and it became supremely evident that the scourgeof doping is the greatest threat that sport had everknown. It could no longer be ignored or addressedsporadically. It had to be confronted head-on.A revolution was needed. One encompassingeveryone, including sports authorities, governments,athletes, scientists, educators, coaches, trainers.Anyone who had a stake in the future of sport andthe health of not just elite athletes, but the millionsof youth who admire athletic heroism and aspireto excel in sport.

And so, in February 1999, in Lausanne, at the FirstWorld Conference on Doping in Sport, the revolutionbegan. Sport and Governments of the world cametogether to ally their forces and devise their strategyfor a full frontal assault on doping. That strategyrequired a uniform approach, coordinated on aglobal scale, through a partnership between Sportand Government, and led to the creation of WADA toact as the independent international body to marshalthe global campaign. WADA’s first order of businesswas to facilitate, with Sport and Governmentstakeholders, the drafting of a consensus documentthat would serve as the framework for harmonizedanti-doping policies, rules and regulations withinsport organizations and among public authorities.

The first years of the campaign were dedicated toconsultation among WADA and government andsport stakeholders on the development of theWorld Anti-Doping Code, and culminated withits unanimous acceptance by all stakeholders inMarch of 2003, at the Second World Conferenceon Doping in Sport, in Copenhagen.

Armed with the universally-accepted Code, Sportand Government began working, each in their ownfashion, to implement it. The International OlympicCommittee—in a shot across the bow—immediatelyamended its charter so that any sport wishing to

rev·o·lu·tionFFuunnccttiioonn:: noun

DDeeffiinniittiioonn:: a fundamental change inthe way of thinking aboutor visualizing something:a change of paradigm

Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

to


First Lausanne, then Copenhagen,and now Madrid. The Third WorldConference on Doping in Sport,taking place from 15 to 17November 2007 at the conventioncentre of the Spanish capital, willfollow in the example set by twoother world conferences, whichmarked many crucial milestonesin the fight against doping in sport.

The First World Conference onDoping in Sport was held inLausanne (Switzerland) inFebruary 1999, at the instigationof the International OlympicCommittee (IOC). The aim of thismeeting was to respond to the

urgent need to strengthen thefight against doping in sport,particularly following the variousdoping scandals that besetcycling’s Tour de France in1998. It was determined at thattime that a global strategy wasneeded that would bring togetherand coordinate sports and publicauthority resources in the fightagainst doping, and this firstconference led to the concept ofan independent internationalagency responsible for coordinatingand monitoring the global fightagainst doping in sport, whichresulted in the creation of WADAin November 1999.


participate in the Games, beginning with the 2004Summer Games in Athens, must have adopted andimplemented the Code prior to the commencementof those Games. Governments, under the aegis ofUNESCO, began putting the tenets of the Code intothe form of an international treaty so thatgovernments could bind themselves to and follow-through on implementation of the Code within theirrespective countries.

Meanwhile, as the Code provided the framework,WADA provided the direction, insisting upon acomprehensive three-pronged approach involvingtesting, research and education: testing, not only todetect the presence of prohibited substances andmethods in an athlete’s sample, but also to deter thosewho might be less inclined to take the risk of beingcaught; research, to keep testing programs up-to-date,given the rapidly advancing science of doping; and

strong education programs to prevent dopingaltogether by reaching athletes early enough to instilthe values and tools for making healthy decisions.

To form a strategy of this scale and a system ofthis complexity is a serious undertaking in itself.But within just a few short years, the Government-Sport partnership became more solid and theparadigm shift—from individual and disjointedefforts to a globally harmonized campaign—had cemented. The foundations had been laid,sports federations continued with their individualCode implementations, and governments adoptedthe international treaty (the UNESCO ConventionAgainst Doping in Sport) and began theirindividual ratifications.

The preliminary phase of one of the greatestbattles was behind us.

To form a strategy of this scale and a system of this complexity is a seriousundertaking in itself. But within just a few short years, the Government-Sportpartnership became more solid and the paradigm shift—from individual anddisjointed efforts to a globally harmonized campaign—had cemented.

Three World Conferences

Marking Major Milestones

The Second World Conference,organized by WADA in Copenhagen(Denmark), from 3 to 5 March2003, marked another importantmilestone in the fight againstdoping. At this conference,more than 1,000 delegatesrepresenting the governmentsand the sports movementunanimously approved the finalversion of the World Anti-DopingCode, the first document toharmonize doping-related rulesin all sports and all countries.This event took place followingan unprecedented consultationprocess, which was launchedin 2001 and sought to give all

stakeholders in the fight againstdoping the opportunity tocontribute and submit theircomments and recommendations(see “The Making and Evolutionof the Code,” p. 9).

At the Third World Conference,the evolution of this Code and thefight against doping in generalwill form the focus of debate.WADA’s Foundation Boarddecided in May 2005 to organizethis major conference to evaluateprogress and challenges in thefight against doping and toidentify next steps, and sixmonths later, the Board selected

Madrid over Bangkok (Thailand)and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) asthe host city. In Madrid,discussion will revolve around, inparticular, the final draft of therevised Code, which is the resultof an extensive stakeholderconsultation process, launched inApril 2006, intended to benefitfrom several years’ experience ofoperating under the Code and tofurther strengthen the fightagainst doping. Some 1,500delegates, observers and mediarepresentatives are expected in theSpanish capital from 15 to 17November 2007.



evo·lu·tionFFuunnccttiioonn:: noun

DDeeffiinniittiioonn:: a process of continuouschange from a lower,simpler, or worse to ahigher, more complex,or better state:: growth

The quest for global harmonization led WADA toestablish a development program which now fostersthe creation of anti-doping programs in underservedregions of the world through Regional Anti-DopingOrganizations, with an eye toward worldwidecoverage by 2010.

An escalation of resources committed to scientificresearch brought about major advances in the scienceof detection, for example in the discovery anddetection of DMT, and now look to heading offpossible future threats such as gene doping.

A model for reaching out and interacting one-on-onewith athletes at competitions was developed for

stakeholders to adopt and implement so thatmessages about athlete roles and responsibilities inthe fight against doping could be spread far and wide.

Similarly, education tools for athletes and membersof their entourage were aggregated and shared withstakeholders in many regions of the world.

The monitoring of the Code began in 2004 whenit came into formal effect. And each year sincethat time there has been a demonstrably greaterunderstanding of and compliance with the Codein the delivery of sanctions by stakeholders.

Still, the Code was always intended to be a livingdocument, evolving to meet the needs of the anti-doping movement. In early 2006, WADA launchedan extensive review of the Code, in consultation withits stakeholders, over the course of an 18-month,3-phase process. This intensive review (in its finalstages at the time of this writing) will build onseveral years of practical experience with the currentCode, fine tune its provisions and strengthen overallefforts to combat doping worldwide.

At the same time, major busts, such as the BALCOaffair in the United States and Festina in France, and

A powerful momentum has characterized the anti-dopingmovement in the brief eight years since it began. Should themomentum hold, should stakeholders remain resolved, andshould those who have remained indifferent until now bebrought into the alliance, then there is great hope for sportand for future generations around the globe.


even more recently the international OperationRaw Deal, demonstrate that doping often occurson a broad scale and involves the participation ofwell-financed and well-organized members of theathlete entourage, those who profit from the athlete’ssuccess, derived from doping, while risking verylittle themselves. The ease with which one canpurchase prohibited substances through the Internetalso lends to the proliferation of counterfeit products,posing even greater health risks to the user. Thetrafficking of doping substances is now understood tobe linked, in many cases, with organized crime andits sophisticated distribution networks, who find it aparticularly high-profit low-risk business.

With the growing recognition of the power of theseinfluences, additional strategies have been broughtto bear in a coordinated manner to confront them.

Important progress in cracking down on large scaledoping rings has been possible thanks to majorinvestigations led by government agencies and lawenforcement authorities in countries committed tooutlawing the manufacture, trafficking and possessionof doping substances. The evidence collected duringthese investigations is extremely valuable in following-up on anti-doping violations committed by athletesand their entourage. Now, in a collaborative effort,WADA is working with stakeholders, including lawenforcement authorities, in the development ofprotocols for the sharing of information to enhancethe efficiency of the fight against doping. The assistanceof Interpol has been solicited also in the efforts toshare law enforcement information across bordersin the breaking up of international trafficking rings.

In the realm of science and medicine, a new strategyis being pursued that involves the longitudinal trackingof athlete biological parameters. This biological tracingthroughout an athlete’s sporting career should makeany illegal preparation far harder to implement, thanksto the detection, in the event of such preparation,of indirect signs of the use of banned substancesand methods. As with speed detection on roads, it isa matter of progressing from fixed radars (the locationof which is often known) to mobile radars thatmeasure speed on a permanent basis.

Looking toward the future evolution

Some seem to forget all that has been achieved since1999—and they must therefore be reminded. Prior to

the creation of WADA and the Code, it was primarilythe sports organizations which led the fight againstdoping within their own respective communities.There was a scarcity and splintering of resourcesnecessary to conduct research and testing, a lackof knowledge about specific substances andprocedures being used and to what degree,and an uneven approach to penalties for athletesfound guilty of doping. The isolated and disjointedefforts did little to stem the scourge of doping.

Fast-forward to the present, and we find aworld greatly transformed.

Today, there is harmonization. The vehicle for thatharmonization—the Code—has proven itself fair,practical and practicable. There is an internationalindependent body—WADA—protecting the integrityof that Code and ensuring that it remains a livingdocument, that serves the evolving needs of Sportand Governments.

Today, there is a global network of anti-dopingorganizations, government authorities and laboratories,operating in a complex and interdependent system,united in the common purpose of rooting out doping.

Granted, challenges exist today within the system. Butthese are the inevitable growing pains of a system in itsearly phases of development, and are to be expected.While there might still be some who want to avoid theobvious, and others who now suffer the detrimentsof their long-term denial, fortunately, avoidance anddenial are becoming rarer and less tolerated by the restof the world. The situation created by the combinedsport-government resources dedicated to anti-doping isan improvement over the past. The future will call for abolstering of these resources in the face of the everevolving nature of the foe and the tools and strategiesrequired to combat it on a global scale.

What challenges and innovations will the futurebring to reduce the hold of doping on sport and youthworldwide? The foundation is solid, and universalcommitment is secure. A powerful momentum hascharacterized the anti-doping movement in the briefeight years since it began. Should the momentum hold,should stakeholders remain resolved, and should thosewho have remained indifferent until now be broughtinto the alliance, then there is great hope for sportand for future generations around the globe.


The Making and Evolution of the Code


The current version of the World Anti-Doping Code, the documentproviding a harmonized framework for anti-doping policies, rules andregulations for sports organizations and public authorities, was presentedto WADA stakeholders during the Second World Conference on Doping inSport in March 2003 (see “Three World Conferences: Marking MajorMilestones,” p. 5), and entered into force on 1 January 2004.

The making of the Code was a challenging and complex task involvingthe development and integration of several standards and coreactivities, such as the list of banned substances, accreditationof laboratories, and testing of doping control samples.

The drafting represented an unprecedented and extensive consultationprocess involving all categories of stakeholders and experts, includingthe athletes themselves. All stakeholders were informed aboutimportant milestones and activities and all had the opportunityto provide feedback, which was incorporated into eachsuccessive draft version of the Code.

The initiative took a global and inclusive approach, relying on andconsulting with all stakeholders in the development and coordination of acomprehensive and worldwide anti-doping strategy, called the World Anti-Doping Program. This program consists of three levels: the Code, the fourInternational Standards (Prohibited List, Therapeutic Use Exemptions,Testing, and Laboratories), and the Models of Best Practice. The Codeand the International Standards are mandatory for Code signatories.

Code structure

The first stage in the process consisted of circulating a draft of the mainstructure of the World Anti-Doping Program and an outline of the Code,having been endorsed by WADA’s Executive Committee in November2001, to WADA stakeholders for comments by the end of 2001.


Following this initial phase, experts in the fightagainst doping were consulted in order to developand draft the backbone of the Code, whichconsisted of core elements such as the rationalefor anti-doping; the definition of doping; anti-dopingrules violations; proof of doping; the prohibited list;and sanctions and appeals. Consultative meetingswith governments, the International OlympicCommittee (IOC), International Federations (IF),National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADO) andNational Olympic Committees were also conductedin early 2002, and these contributed significantly tothe drafting process of specific articles in the Code.

From February to April 2002, the Code Project Team(a group of internal and external experts) consultedrelevant WADA working committees in addition toreceiving feedback and comments from WADA’sbroader stakeholder group.

Consultation and drafting

The first complete draft of the Code was presented tothe WADA Foundation Board at its meeting in June2002, and then sent to more than 1,000 individualsand organizations for comments, who were giventhree months to respond.

Based on the comments received, the secondversion of the Code was presented to the WADAExecutive Committee at its meeting on 1 October.As with the previous draft, this was thendistributed to over 1,000 stakeholders.

Some weeks later, in mid-November 2002, the fourmandatory standards developed by the workinggroups were sent out for consultation.

At the end of this phase, which included thesubmission of final comments, the definitive versionof the Code was distributed in February 2003 alongwith the second draft of the International Standards.

These documents were presented and approvedunanimously at the Second World Conference onDoping in Sport, which took place in Copenhagen(Denmark), from 3 to 5 March 2003. Representativesfrom 101 nationalities, the 35 International OlympicSports Federations and 80 governments were all present.

On the final day of the conference, the WADAFoundation Board adopted the Code unanimously.The delegates then unanimously adopted aConference Resolution, which recognized the Codeas the basis of the fight against doping in sport. Todemonstrate their support, the governments draftedthe Copenhagen Declaration, a political documentthrough which they formally pledged to adopt theprinciples of the Code by subsequently ratifying aninternational treaty against doping in sport (see“The Essential Role of Governments,” p. 13).

The IOC accepted the Code at its session in July2003 and amended the Olympic Charter to ensurethat only those sports that had implemented theCode would be able to participate in the programof the Olympic Games.



The Code and the associated International Standardsentered into force on 1 January 2004. To date, over570 sports organizations have adopted the Code.

Formalized rules and respective responsibilities

Two significant advances made by the Code in theglobal war on doping are the formalization of certainrules and the clarification of stakeholder responsi-bilities, thus bringing harmonization for the first timeto a system where previously rules had varied amongsports and countries or had not existed at all.

For example, for the first time, the universal criteriawere set for considering whether a substance ormethod may be banned from use and placed on theProhibited List. The Code also established the strictliability principle as the basis for determining anti-doping rule violations by athletes with positivedoping results. In addition, it set the standard forminimum and maximum sanctions while providingflexibility for the consideration of the circumstancesof the cases. At the same time, the Code opened thedoor for the sanctioning of “non-analytical positives”meaning that evidence other than a positive dopingtest may be sufficient to sanction those found to haveviolated anti-doping rules. Such violations includeuse or attempted use of a banned substance, failureto provide whereabouts information or be availablefor testing, tampering with doping control or analysisprocess, and possession of banned substances.

The Code also formalized WADA’s right of appeal tothe Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) on rulings byanti-doping organizations operating under the Code.

Code review

Over the years, the Code has proved to be a powerfuland effective tool in the harmonization of anti-doping

efforts worldwide. This has been demonstrated bythe overwhelming support of Governments andSports in adopting the Code, in addition to thegrowing body of CAS jurisprudence supporting theCode’s tenets. Nevertheless, the Code, as outlinedin Article 23.6, was always intended to serve as aliving document, evolving to meet needs.

In light of the evolution of anti-doping, and withthe purpose of leveraging the experience acquiredduring several years of implementation, in April2006, WADA and the anti-doping communitylaunched a consultation process for a practicalreview of the Code and associated InternationalStandards. The intended result is a strengtheningof anti-doping protocols and programs worldwide.

The fully transparent consultation process facilitatedby WADA, similar to the process implemented forthe initial drafting of the Code, was conducted underthe supervision of the WADA Executive Committee.Three consultation phases were held (from Aprilto July 2006, from January to March 2007, andfrom the beginning of June to the end of July 2007),which gave all stakeholders and interested partiesthe opportunity to contribute in a constructivemanner to the practical improvement of theCode and International Standards.

Comments were therefore submitted bygovernments, the IOC, IFs, NADOs, athletes, andmany other sports organizations and individuals.A total of approximately 210 organizations andindividuals submitted suggestions during theconsultation, compared to almost 260 duringthe original drafting of the Code. During the firstconsultation phase (April–July 2006), WADAreceived 71 submissions which were consideredin the development of the First Revised Draft ofthe Code. During the second consultation phase

Three steps to Code compliance

CCooddee aacccceeppttaannccee means that the organization agrees to the principles of the Code and agrees toimplement and comply with the Code.

CCooddee iimmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn means that the organization amends its rules and policies to include themandatory articles and principles of the Code.

CCooddee ccoommpplliiaannccee means that the organization has amended its rules and policies and is enforcingthem in accordance with the Code.

WADA has a duty to monitor stakeholder acceptance, implementation and compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code.



(January–March 2007), 81 sets of commentswere submitted on the First Revised Draft, whichled to the Second Revised Draft of the Code. Some61 submissions were made on this second draft,and the diminution of stakeholder comments tothe successive iterations suggests that a relativelybroad consensus had been reached on many ofthe elements. The Third Revised Draft of the Codewas published on 15 October 2007, and will bepresented for approval at the Third World Conferenceon Doping in Sport, to take place from 15 to 17November 2007, in Madrid (Spain).

All of the comments received, as well as monthlyupdates on the consultation process, were publishedon the WADA Web site, unless the organizationor individual submitting the comments requestedotherwise. At the same time, revised versions of theInternational Standard for Testing, the InternationalStandard for Laboratories and the InternationalStandard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions werepublished for consultation.

Furthermore, the Code Project Team (a group ofinternal and external experts) in charge of reviewingthe Code held numerous meetings with variousstakeholder organizations in order to discuss theCode review and solicit to their suggestions.

General trends

The result of this vast consultation process is a draftof the revised Code revealing three major trends:firmness, a strengthening of the fight against doping,and fairness. A clause in the draft thus proposes astrengthening of sanctions for doping cases involvingcertain “aggravating circumstances,” such asparticipation in an organized doping network orscheme, the use of multiple prohibited substancesby the same athlete, or behaviour intended toobstruct the detection or adjudication of an anti-doping rule violation.

At the same time, greater flexibility would beintroduced as relates to sanctions in general. While

this flexibility would provide for enhanced sanctionsin cases involving aggravating circumstances,lessened sanctions would be possible where theathlete is able to prove that the substance involvedwas not intended to enhance performance.

The draft revised Code and associated InternationalStandards address delays and recommend theacceleration of the process and management ofdoping cases (e.g., reduced period between analysisof the A- and B-samples and mandatory provisionalsuspension following confirmation of an adverseanalytical finding through analysis of the B-sample).

Stakeholders have also requested greaterharmonization, now included in the draftrevised Code and International Standards,in some areas where stakeholders had initiallywanted some flexibility at the time of the originaldrafting of the 2003 Code. For example, the 2003Code does not set requirements as to the numberof missed tests that should lead to a potentialanti-doping rule violation, leaving it to anti-dopingorganizations to determine this number. Thisflexibility was examined as part of the Codeand International Standards review, with a viewto harmonizing the rules and making them moreuniform and mandatory. The draft revised Codenow formalizes the current WADA recommendationthat any combination of three missed testsand/or failures by an athlete to provide accuratewhereabouts information within an 18-monthperiod shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation.

Barring changes made at the World Conference inMadrid as regards the required implementation dateof the newly revised Code, the final draft states thatthe revised Code will come into force on 1 January2009. This means that each signatory needs toensure that its rules reflect the amendmentsincluded in the revised Code prior to that date.

For further information on the Code and its review,please consult the “Code Review” section on theWADA Web site (www.wada-ama.org).


Two significant advances made by the Code in the global war on doping are theformalization of certain rules and the clarification of stakeholder responsibilities, thusbringing harmonization for the first time to a system where previously rules hadvaried among sports and countries or had not existed at all.



Governments have a key role to play alongsideand in cooperation with the sports world in the fightagainst doping in sport, and many public authorityleaders are fully aware of this. Because some statescannot be legally bound by a non-governmentaldocument such as the World Anti-Doping Code,governments commit to the global fight againstdoping and implement Code-compliant programsthrough a two-step process. First, governmentssignal their political commitment to WADA and theCode by signing the Copenhagen Declaration of2003, which is then followed by ratification of theUNESCO International Convention against Doping

in Sport, the practical document which permitsgovernments to align their domestic policies withthe Code. To date, 191 governments have signedthe Copenhagen Declaration. The UNESCOConvention, drafted and adopted in record timeof less than one year for each, entered into forceon 1 February 2007, and by mid-October 2007,some 67 governments had ratified it.

The UNESCO Convention, the first universal treatyagainst doping in sport, formalizes the responsi-bilities of governments in the fight against dopingin sport, as public authority action is essential tothe effectiveness of the fight against doping. Forexample, governments can, and have the responsibilityto, facilitate doping tests, fund research,and support education regarding the dangersand consequences of this threat to public health.What’s more, governments, and by their extensionlaw enforcement authorities, have an even broaderfield of influence than sport in the fight againstdoping. As such, in areas in which sportsauthorities have no power to intervene, governmentand law enforcement authorities are able to takemeasures relating to source and supply, such asshutting down trafficking rings, beefing up bordercontrols and carrying out investigations.

WADA has paid particular attention to these kindsof complementary actions carried out by the sportsand public authorities over the past few years.In cooperation with other sports and anti-dopingorganizations, WADA organized two symposia onthe investigative powers of anti-doping authoritiesin 2006 and 2007, bringing together representativesof governments, sports, anti-doping organizationsand law enforcement.

Indeed, important progress in cracking down onlarge scale doping schemes has been possiblethanks to major investigations led by government

and law enforcement agencies in countries committedto outlawing the manufacture, trafficking andpossession of doping substances. In addition, theevidence collected during these investigations becomesextremely valuable to sport and anti-doping authoritieswho are then able to follow-up on anti-dopingviolations committed by athletes and their entourage.

Following these two investigations symposia,WADA created a working group, which is currentlyestablishing how to improve cooperation and thesharing of information between governmental agencieson the one hand and the sports and anti-dopingauthorities on the other. The working group has alsobeen tasked with putting forward protocol models.(For further information on these new strategies,please consult issue 1, 2007, of Play True.)

WADA also has reached an agreement with Interpol,the world’s largest police organization, for heightenedcoordination between the law enforcement communityand the sports authorities in the context of doping-relatedinvestigations. A memorandum of understandingbetween WADA and Interpol will be approved officiallyat the Third World Conference on Doping in Sportin Madrid, so as to define a specific cooperationframework between the two organizations.

Important progress in cracking down on large scale doping schemes has beenpossible thanks to major investigations led by government agencies and lawenforcement in countries committed to outlawing the manufacture, trafficking andpossession of doping substances.

The Essential Role of Governments



Strategic Activities: Outcomes & AdvancesReflecting the importance of a comprehensiveapproach to the fight against doping in sport,WADA targets its activities in several strategic areas.The key advances and outcomes of these programs,achieved in the brief but dynamic period sinceWADA’s founding, are highlighted here.

Anti-Doping Development

Piloted in mid-2004 with five countries in theOceania region, WADA’s anti-doping programdevelopment initiative has resulted in theexpansion of the fight against doping aroundthe globe through the establishment of RegionalAnti-Doping Organizations (RADO).

WADA facilitates the establishment of RADOs bybringing together countries with similar geographicalinterests, in regions where there are no or limitedanti-doping activities, so that they can pool humanand financial resources for the implementation ofdoping control and anti-doping education programs.In each of the regions, the RADO is a sharedorganization among the countries involved that takeson the responsibility for the full range of anti-dopingduties, including coordinating sample collection;managing results, appeals, and TUE approvals;disseminating education and information; andestablishing Code compliant anti-doping rules.

By the close of 2007, more than 119 countriesacross 14 RADOs will have become engaged in thefight against doping through local ownership, thesupport of partners and most of all the commitmentby those countries to protecting their athletes’ healthand right to doping-free sport.

Athletes

Created in 2005, WADA’s Athlete Committee rapidlyestablished itself as an effective representative for CleanAthletes within WADA programs and on the global stage.Not only have Committee members provided constructivefeedback to WADA on anti-doping topics, but they arealso speaking out on behalf of Clean Athletes worldwide,calling for tough sanctions for those who cheatthemselves and their competitors by doping, as well aschallenging governments and sports to raise the profileand voice of their own clean athletes. Committeemembers have been key participants in every step of theconsultation and review of the World Anti-Doping Code.

WADA’s own Athlete Outreach Program hasbecome an integral strategy for educating athletesand their support personnel about the dangersand consequences of doping. Launched in 2001,the outreach program is delivered at majormulti-sport events, such as the Olympics andParalympics, and has interacted with thousandsof athletes worldwide. Each program recruits ateam of international anti-doping experts to supportits operation and uses the WADA Doping Quiz,now translated into 16 languages, to provideanti-doping information directly to athletes andofficials in a fun and interactive way. The successof the outreach program led to the creation ofthe WADA Outreach Model in late 2006 for theimplementation of outreach programs by sportand anti-doping stakeholders alike. With the freetemplates available in a multitude of languagesand formats, more than 25 stakeholders havealready adopted the WADA outreach model as thebasis for their own athlete awareness programs.

Science

Four years under the Code have allowed for thedevelopment and consolidation of several activitiesin Science.

The Prohibited List: A committee of ten members,representing different fields of expertise, reviewsand establishes the draft Prohibited List on anannual basis and submits the draft to a transparentand thorough process of consultation. Commentsfrom stakeholders are reviewed by the scientificcommittees before the Prohibited List is discussedand approved by the representatives of thegovernments and sport authorities at theWADA Executive Committee.

Research: Since 2001, WADA has establisheda strong and continuous support system foranti-doping research. With more than 25 percentof its annual budget, for a total of more thanUS$32 million, WADA has supported closeto150 research projects for the improvementand development of new anti-doping methodsand the detection of new drugs.The growingnumber of scientific presentations and internationalpublications making reference to WADA illustratesthe vitality of this key program.

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Laboratory Accreditation: The laboratoryaccreditation and re-accreditation program hasbeen a major point of focus since WADA’s inception.Inherited from the IOC in 2004, this programhas evolved into a more continuous monitoringof laboratory performance and quality, based onthe harmonized and stringent rules under theInternational Standard for Laboratories andthe related Technical Documents. These new rulesunder the Code have established a strong basis ofharmonization for the work conducted by theexisting accredited laboratories worldwide aswell as guidance for future laboratories joiningthe WADA accreditation. Strong links are nowestablished with other international organizationsconcerned with laboratory performance, qualityand accreditation, including the InternationalLaboratory Accreditation Cooperation and theBureau International des Poids et Mesures.

Medicine

Since its creation, WADA has sharpened itsstrategies relating to athlete health, includinggenerating a broader understanding of the dangersof doping and exploring new medical modelsfor enhanced detection.

The first major step concerns the mechanism forgranting Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE). Priorto WADA’s existence, the treatment of therapeuticuse of doping substances was greatly disparateamong International Federations and NationalAnti-Doping Organizations, ranging from a completeabsence of a TUE policy to a system of exemptionsthat was mostly symbolic and very permissive. Today, thanks to WADA, there exists an InternationalStandard formalizing a single process for everyone.This standard brings to bear not only the desiredharmonization, but it also permits a medicalconsistency in the authorizations based onvalidated references.

A more medical approach has also been introducedthrough the development of the Athlete Passportconcept. Thus the longitudinal follow-up of athletebiological parameters recorded in a "passport" shouldallow the identification, indirectly, of abnormalprofiles due to the use of banned substances ormethods. The Athlete Passport, currently indevelopment, could offer an interesting solution inthe face of the limits of direct detection of substancesin athlete samples. This model could also play animportant role in the monitoring of athlete health forthe identification of pathological abnormalities.

Further, the creation of WADA has permitted thedevelopment of a network of medical experts aroundthe problem of doping, in partnership with sportsmedicine organizations. This helps to identify anddebate issues, in order to develop solutions that areapplicable in the global context.

Legal

Every year since the beginning, legal activities inrelation to harmonization and Code monitoring havegrown exponentially. In the initial stages, WADA’slegal activities were driven in part by a very stronglegal committee, whose work was devoted chiefly tothe implementation of contractual relationships forout-of-competition testing and the establishment ofinitial rules and regulations for harmonization. Withthe development of the Code, drafted in 2001 and2002, and adopted in 2003, WADA’s legal activitiesgrew. And, with the Code coming into force in 2004,specifically giving WADA the right of appeal to theCourt of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) of InternationalFederation and National Anti-Doping Organizationrulings, WADA’s legal activities have shifted to aclose monitoring of all doping sanctions deliveredaround the world and the launch of appeals toCAS when appropriate.

In addition, WADA’s legal department hascontributed to many different areas, includingdata protection for ADAMS, contracts for research,protection of the WADA logo, establishment ofvarious standards and a very important involvementin the revision of the Code in the lead up to theThird World Conference on Doping in Sport.

Anti-Doping Coordination: ADAMS

WADA launched ADAMS officially on November 17,2005, to serve as the platform for stakeholdersto share important anti-doping information andactivities in one secure system—from athletesproviding whereabouts information, to anti-dopingorganizations ordering tests, to laboratoriesreporting results, to anti-doping organizationsmanaging results.

ADAMS is specifically designed for WADAstakeholders and is free to use from anywhere in theworld via the Internet. Available in seven languages,ADAMS is highly secure and meets European Uniondata protection requirements.


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Since its launch, ADAMS has made significantadvances, in both its adoption by stakeholders forthe management of their day-to-day doping controlprograms and its deployment for in-competitionprograms at Major Games. ADAMS has beensuccessfully implemented for the doping controlmanagement at three Major Games: the 2006Paralympic Winter Games in Torino (Italy), the 2006Asian Games in Doha (Qatar), and the 2007 PanAmerican Games in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). In addition,consistent with best practice in major technology-basedinitiatives, WADA continues to devote resources toenhance functionality and ease of use.

An essential tool in the fight against doping, ADAMSfacilitates stakeholders compliance with the WorldAnti-Doping Code in a more efficient and cost-effective manner than ever before.

Education

WADA's current Education strategy was developedwith prevention as its key focus. To be effective,preventive anti-doping education needs to offer asustained process of developing and integratingvalues in individuals, at the earliest age possible,that will help them make the choice, when it arises,of not engaging in cheating or doping. From apractical view-point and for best effect, becauseeducation is a process that is intrinsically tied toculture and custom, anti-doping education activitiesneed to be conceived and delivered locally, usingestablished education-enabling structures that arenot limited to sports centers, sports schools or clubs,but also include regular classrooms and otherteaching environments (families, social groups, etc.).

As such, WADA has developed education activitiesgeared to assisting stakeholders with promoting andinstilling the Spirit of Sport values so as to providestrong moral grounds on which to base decisions notto engage in doping. WADA's values-based educationactivities are delivered in an interactive format,to fully engage stakeholders in ownership of theirown programs, and reap the practical, capacity-building benefits of the "train the trainer" model.These activities target youth and also cast a broadernet to reach all of the actors from a youth's andfuture athlete's major circles of influence (teachers,coaches, doctors and therapists, officials, parents,etc.). WADA's values-based education activitiesinclude the regional "Traveling Seminars" andeducation "Tool Kits" for teachers, for elite coachesand for anti-doping program officers.

In parallel, WADA continues to run its SocialScience Research Grant Program, first initiatedfor the purpose of yielding evidence-basedinformation on which to ground WADA'seducation and prevention initiatives.

WADA's education activities and materials arealready beginning to receive an enthusiasticwelcome and recognition from stakeholdersworldwide as offering practical assistance withthe design and implementation of anti-dopingeducation programs that suit and reflect localcultures, needs and resources.

Finance

WADA was created on the basis that it wouldbe funded equally by the Olympic Movement andthe Governments of the world. In the early days(2000–2001), the Olympic Movement alonefunded WADA in order to allow governments toorganize their contributions and to agree amongstthemselves on a share split. Since 2002, theOlympic Movement has been matching all of thegovernment payments, dollar for dollar. In2002–2003, government funding was relativelylow (much of these dues were not paid until2004–2005). The resulting tight cash flow andlack of reserves required extremely prudentmanagement and the downsizing of plannedactivities. However, since 2005, payments havebeen coming in earlier in the year and moreregularly, thereby greatly improving cash flowand the ability to follow-through on all plannedprojects. In 2006, the rate of contribution reached95.1 percent, demonstrating that nearly allregions of the world were meeting their financialresponsibilities in the global harmonizedfight against doping in sport.

In 2005, WADA began maintaining its accountsunder the International Financial Report Standards(IFRS) and the audited accounts are publiclyreported in the WADA Annual Report. The WADAFinance and Administration Committee closelyscrutinizes budget provisions and proposals, aswell as the audited accounts and reports from theauditors. Monthly accounts are made available formanagement and quarterly accounts are presentedto the WADA Executive Committee. By operatingunder this open and transparent process andby meeting the highest standards in financialreporting, WADA instils trust and confidenceamong its stakeholders.


Regional Anti-Doping Organizations

The WADA anti-dopingdevelopment program, launchedin 2004, has made considerableprogress in only three years.Designed to enable everycountry in the world to carryout anti-doping activities inaccordance with the WorldAnti-Doping Code, this programfacilitates the developmentof Regional Anti-DopingOrganizations (RADO) in regionsin which there are no establishedor developed doping controlprograms. By the close of 2007,14 RADOs will have been createdso that 119 countries will nowbe active in the fight againstdoping through these structures(see list on next page).

Because not every country of theworld has a solid anti-dopingprogram, it was first up to WADAto design a strategy that soughtglobal coverage. “We carefullyanalysed the panorama of thefight against doping to establishwhich countries were carryingout anti-doping activities, andwhich were not,” explainedWADA Director General DavidHowman. “The countries withrobust programs, often directedby a National Anti-DopingOrganization or by the NationalOlympic Committee, do notrequire special attention. But thesmall countries, and those withunderdeveloped or inactive anti-doping programs, are the ones

that need support, because theyhave limited capacities. It isimportant to launch testingprograms, raise athlete awarenessand establish values even in thesmallest of countries.”

Following the successful creationof a pilot RADO in Oceania inJune 2004, in partnership withseveral organizations (see “ThePower of Partnerships,” below),WADA decided to repeat themodel in other regions. FiveRADOs were thus established in2004 and 2005. Four additionalregional organizations were setup in 2006, followed by fivemore in 2007 (the fifth, to bebased in the Indian Ocean and

(continued on page 19)

Because of its unique structure bringing together public andsports authorities, WADA is ideally positioned to facilitatethe creation of RADOs and to garner the support of thesetwo groups for their RADOs. (Each country is representedon the RADO board by a member appointed jointly bythe country's government and the National OlympicCommittee.) WADA is thus active in each RADO duringthe launch period, depending on the needs of eachorganization, and provides the necessary initial financialsupport along with its experience and expertise.

Nonetheless, these organizations, which are intended tooperate fully independently from WADA and which shouldprovide economically advantageous solutions in terms ofanti-doping programs for the participating countries lackingin anti-doping resources or expertise, would be unable toexist without partnerships and contributions from otherorganizations. In each region, and with the support of

WADA, RADOs have benefited from the expertise orfinancial or human support of various types of organizations:international sports federations, national anti-dopingagencies working as mentors, continental associations ofNational Olympic Committees (NOC), the Olympic Councilof Asia in particular, the Commonwealth Secretariat, theSupreme Council for Sport in Africa, the Conference of theYouth and Sports Ministers of French-speaking Countries(CONFEJES), etc. In many cases, the RADO office andan employee are generally provided or supported by thegovernment and/or the NOC of the host country or byone of the other aforementioned organizations.

These valuable partnerships contribute not only tolaunching the RADOs, but also to building an importantmomentum, with the objective of turning them intosustainable and self-sufficient organizations (withoutWADA's financial support) after two years of operation.

Global Expansion Anti-Doping Programs Take Root around the Globe

The Power of Partnerships

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1. AFRICA ZONE V (East Africa)

Date Established: July 2005

Participating Countries (7):Burundi, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya,Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

Participating Organizations:South African Institute for

Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS)Commonwealth Secretariat International Association of

Athletics Federations (IAAF)

Office Location: Nairobi, Kenya(Office donated by the KenyanGovernment)

Milestones: Doping ControlOfficers trained, OutreachPrograms implemented,Education Brochures developed

2. AFRICA ZONE VI (Southern Africa)

Date Established: May 2006

Participating Countries (10):Angola, Botswana, Lesotho,Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,South Africa, Swaziland,Zambia, Zimbabwe

Participating Organizations:Supreme Council for Sports in

Africa (SCSA) Zone VISouth African Institute for

Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS)Commonwealth Secretariat

Office Location: Maputo,Mozambique (Office donated bythe Mozambique Government)

Milestones: Doping ControlOfficers trained

3. CARIBBEAN

Date Established: Sept. 2005

Participating Countries (14):Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,Barbados, Cayman Islands,Dominica, Grenada, Guyana,Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis,St. Lucia, St. Vincent and theGrenadines, Suriname, Trinidadand Tobago, Turks and Caicos

Participating Organizations:Canadian Centre for Ethics in

Sport (CCES)Commonwealth Secretariat

Office Location: Barbados(Office donated by the BarbadosOlympic Association)

Milestones: Doping ControlOfficers trained, OutreachPrograms implemented

4. CENTRAL AMERICA AND COLOMBIA

Date Established: Sept. 2005

Participating Countries (8):Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica,Guatemala, Honduras,Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador

Participating Organizations:United States Anti-Doping

Agency (USADA)

Office Location: Bogota,Colombia (Office donated by theColombia Government)


5. CENTRAL ASIA


Participating Countries (9):Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan

Participating Organizations:Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)Anti-Doping Norway

Office Location: Tehran, Iran(Office donated by the IranGovernment and NOC)


6. GULF STATES AND YEMEN

Date Established: Nov. 2005

Participating Countries (7):Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar,Saudi Arabia, United ArabEmirates, Yemen

Participating Organizations:Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)UK Sport

Office Location: Kuwait City,Kuwait (Office donated by theKuwaiti Government and theOlympic Council of Asia)

Milestones: Doping ControlOfficers trained, EducationMentors trained

7. OCEANIA

Date Established: June 2004

Participating Countries (6):Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua NewGuinea, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu

Participating OrganizationsOceania National Olympic

Committees (ONOC)Commonwealth SecretariatDrug Free Sport New ZealandAustralian Sports Anti-Doping

Authority (ASADA)International Rugby Board (IRB)

Office Location: Suva, Fiji(Office donated by the OceaniaNational Olympic Committees)

Milestones: Doping ControlOfficers trained, EducationMaterial developed, OutreachPrograms implemented

8. SOUTHEAST ASIA


Participating Countries (11):Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,Myanmar, Philippines,Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Lest,Vietnam

Participating OrganizationsOlympic Council of Asia (OCA)Australian Sports Anti-Doping

Authority (ASADA)Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA)

Office Location: Bangkok,Thailand (Office donated bythe Thailand Governmentand NOC)


9. AFRICA ZONE II & III (French-speaking West Africa)

Date Established: Oct. 2006

Participating Countries (11):Benin, Burkina Faso, CapeVerde, Guinea, Guinea Bissau,Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger,Mauritania, Senegal, Togo

Participating OrganizationsConférence des Ministres de la

Jeunesse et des Sports des États et Gouvernements ayant le français en partage (CONFEJES)

International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)

Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES)

Office Location: Niamey, Niger(Office donated by the NigerGovernment and NOC)

10. EASTERN EUROPE

Date Established: Mar. 2007

Participating Countries (8):Albania, Belarus, Bosnia &Herzegovina, Macedonia,Moldova, Russia, Serbia,Ukraine. (The followingcountries were not inattendance at the first meetingbut are being invited to be partof the RADO: Armenia,Azerbaijan, Georgia andMontenegro.)

Office Location: Minsk,Belarus (Office donated bythe Belarus Governmentand NOC)

11. AFRICA ZONE IV (Central Africa)

Date Established: April 2007

Participating Countries (7):Chad, Cameroon, Congo,Democratic Republic of Congo,Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, SaoTome and Principe

Office Location: Yaoundé,Cameroon (Office donated bythe Cameroon Government)

12. SOUTH ASIA


Participating Countries (5):Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives,Nepal, Sri Lanka

Participating Organizations:Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)UK Sport

Office Location: Male,Maldives (Office donated bythe Maldives Governmentand NOC)

13. WEST ASIA

Date Established: July 2007

Participating Countries (4):Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Syria.(Lebanon was not inattendance at the first meetingbut is being invited to be partof the RADO.)

Office Location: Amman,Jordan (Office donated bythe Jordan Governmentand NOC)

Current Regional Anti-Doping Organizations


Regional Anti-Doping Organizations

to serve Africa Zone VII, will becreated by year-end).

When it comes to the creation ofRADOs, the underlying principle issimple. “All countries should haveanti-doping programs led by aNational Anti-Doping Organizationor, if no such organization exists,by the National OlympicCommittee, but we realized thatfew, in fact, had one,” observedHowman. “The idea is to bringcountries together through theirgovernment and NOC, and to poolfinancial and human resourcesin order to create an anti-dopingprogram on a regional basis.We were worried that, if wedid not help to launch theseorganizations, some countries

would not have an anti-dopingprogram at all.”

In many cases, according toHowman, countries do notknow where to start, havescant resources, or need helpin understanding what thedevelopment of an anti-dopingprogram entails. The supremeobjective is to ensure that allathletes worldwide have the samepossibility of being tested andbenefit from the same anti-dopingprocedures and protocols, nomatter their sport, theirnationality, or the countrywhere tested.

WADA’s development program iscurrently enjoying such success

that several countries that hadnot previously participated inthe launch of the RADO in theirregions now want to join it.Additional RADO projects will beinitiated over the coming months,in North Africa and in otherregions of the world, with a globaltarget of having every country inthe world committed to the fightagainst doping by 2010 througha national or regional anti-doping organization.

For further information andupdates on the RADOs, as wellas contact details for theseorganizations, please consult theAnti-Doping Development sectionof WADA’s Web site atwww.wada-ama.org.

During his second official visit to China, fromSeptember 25–28, 2007, as WADA President,Richard W. Pound congratulated Chinese anti-dopingand sport officials on the progress that has beenachieved in the fight against doping in China sincehis first visit nearly one year ago.

Pound was warmly received by Mr. Liu Qi,President of the Beijing Organizing Committee forthe Olympic Games, Mr. Liu Peng, China's SportMinister and President of the Chinese OlympicCommittee, and Mr. Duan Shijie, Vice Ministerand Chairman of the Chinese Olympic CommitteeAnti-Doping Commission, who serves on WADA'sFoundation Board. During the two-day program,Pound's hosts presented the advances the countryhas made over the past year in heightening itscommitment to the fight against doping in sport.

"I am very encouraged by the progress reportedduring my meetings with China's sports and anti-doping leaders this week," said Mr. Pound at theconclusion of his visit to the Chinese capital. "Lastyear we had asked certain questions and providedseveral recommendations for the preparation ofdoping-free Olympic Games and for improving astrong and efficient national anti-doping program."

Pound expressed his encouragement after learningof the measures China has begun to implement,such as establishing an independent national anti-doping organization, increasing human and financialresources dedicated to the national testing program,building a new state-of-the-art laboratory,augmenting testing based on a strategy thatemphasizes "smart" out-of-competition testing, andincorporating strong education programs that targetathletes of different ages, as well as coaches andofficials, in their long-term strategy for prevention.Pound noted that many of the plans outlined by theChinese hosts are already in the early phases ofimplementation, and that it will be important to learnof China's success as it meets critical milestones inthe full implementation of its programs.

Pound noted the significance of China'sestablishment of a new anti-doping agency, theonly new agency created by the central governmentat a time when it is trying to limit its growth.He also highlighted the progressive way in whichthe fight against doping is being coordinated,involving commitment and coordination of severalgovernmental departments including the sportsministry, the food and drug administration and otherrelevant function areas, including greater cooperationwith provincial and regional governments.

xx


WADA President Encouraged by ChineseProgress in Fight against Doping in Sport

Mr. Liu Qi, President of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (right), welcomes WADA President Richard W. Poundto Beijing in September 2007 and expresses China's commitment to combating doping and to hosting clean Olympic Games.

On October 5–6, 2007, in cooperation with theIndian Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, WADAhosted in New Delhi an extensive program toinform government and sport stakeholders andother interested parties from the region about theimportance of the fight against doping in sport andstakeholders' respective responsibilities under theWorld Anti-Doping Code (Code).

It was also an important occasion for WADADirector General David Howman to meet with therelevant sport and government officials in India tolearn of the country's progress towardsestablishing an independent National Anti-DopingOrganization (NADO) and independent anti-doping laboratory. Howman noted that India isan important country that has many opportunitiesto prove its commitment to clean sport, includinghosting the Commonwealth Games in 2010.

Several presentations were delivered during thetwo-day conference, including a session by WADADirector General David Howman presenting anoverview of the fight against doping in sport, theCode and WADA's strategic initiatives and programs.

The Director of WADA's Asia/Oceania RegionalOffice, Kazuhiro Hayashi, provided a more in-

depth perspective of WADA's work in Asia andthe region's status vis-à-vis the global harmonizedfight against doping.

Rob Koehler, WADA's Deputy Director of Standards& Harmonization, led attendees through a series ofsessions outlining the key stakeholder responsibilitiesand processes in anti-doping, including TherapeuticUse Exemptions, athlete whereabouts information,sample collection process, results management andappeals, and how to establish a NADO.

The program concluded with WADA Director ofCommunications Elizabeth Hunter highlighting keyprinciples and best practices for communications inrelation to potential doping cases. A separate mediaprogram was hosted in conjunction to providejournalists from the region the opportunity to build theirknowledge about the fight against doping in sport,WADA and the Code.

At the conclusion of the two-day program, Indianofficials agreed to step up efforts to ensure that therecently founded National Anti-Doping Agency is offto the right start, and that there will be sustained effortsat anti-doping education during upcoming regionaland national events.

Education and Outreach


WADA Hosts Information/Education Session in India

WADA Director General David Howman (far right) met with relevant sport and government officials in India to learn of the country's progress towards establishing an independent National Anti-Doping Organization and independent anti-doping laboratory. Pictured are (from l-to-r): Hon. Singh Deo , Chairman, Organizing Committee for Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi; Ratan P. Watal, Director General, Sports Authority of India ;Mike Hooper, CEO, Commonwealth Games Federation.

All stakeholders should be fullyaware of their compliance andreporting obligations as 2008 isthe first year that signatories to the2003 World Anti-Doping Code(Code) must publicly report theirstatus vis-à-vis Code compliance.

For one, compliance with theCode is mandatory for signatoriesof the Code, as stated in CodeArticle 23.2.1: “The Signatoriesshall implement applicable Codeprovisions through policies,statutes, rules or regulationsaccording to their authority andwithin their relevant spheres ofresponsibility.”

Also mandatory is stakeholderreporting to WADA on Codecompliance. Article 23.4.2 of theCode states: “To facilitate

monitoring, each Signatory shallreport to WADA on its compliancewith the Code every second yearand shall explain reasons for non-compliance.”

The Code assigns WADA theresponsibility of monitoringimplementation of andcompliance with the Code by itssignatories. One way WADAachieves this is by closelymonitoring doping cases andexercising its right of appeal to theCourt of Arbitration for Sport forcases under the jurisdiction oforganizations that haveimplemented the Code. WADA isalso required to report formally onstakeholder compliance with theCode every two years. InNovember 2008, WADA willmake its first official report of

cases of non-compliance to itsstakeholders, including theInternational Olympic Committee(IOC), who have jurisdiction toimpose sanctions.

The Olympic Charter wasamended in 2003 to state thatadoption of the Code by theOlympic Movement is mandatory,and only sports that are compliantcan be included and remain in theprogram of the Olympic Games.Similarly, if a country does notratify the UNESCO InternationalConvention against Doping inSport, it may also be subject tosanctions from the IOC and fromother sports organizations,including losing the right to hostmajor games.

Article 23.5.1 of the Code states:“Noncompliance with the Code

by either the governmentor National OlympicCommittee of a countrymay result inconsequences with

respect to Olympic Games,Paralympic Games, World

Championships or theEvents of Major Event

Organizations as determinedby the ruling body for each

Event.The imposition of suchconsequences may be appealed

by the National OlympicCommittee or government toCAS pursuant to Article 13.4.”

There are three steps in thecompliance continuum that arerequired of Code signatories:acceptance, implementation andcompliance. By accepting theCode, an organization agrees to


Code Compliance: Official Report to be Released in 2008

The Code

For International Federations:

“Models of Best Practice forInternational Federations” areavailable on the WADA Web site.

For National Olympic Committees:

If there is an established NationalAnti-Doping Agency (NADO) inyour country, you may use“Models of Best Practice forNational Olympic Committees”located on the WADA Web site.

If there is no established NADO inyour country, the responsibility ofanti-doping activities reverts toyour National Olympic Committee(NOC) and you would then needto draft NADO rules. Please seethe “Models of Best Practice forNational Anti-Doping Organizations”located on the WADA Web site.

For National Anti-DopingOrganizations (NADO):

“Models of Best Practice forNational Anti-DopingOrganizations” are available onthe WADA Web site.

the principles of the Code.Acceptance is followed byimplementation, when anorganization amends its rules andpolicies to include the mandatoryarticles and principles of theCode. The signatory determineshow the Code is to be bestimplemented into its rules,regulations and/or policies, andthese anti-doping rules must besubmitted to WADA for review, ineither English or French, in orderfor the rules to be pronounced inline with the Code. The final step,Code compliance, means that theamended organization rules andpolicies are actively enforced inaccordance with the Code.

To facilitate the reportingobligation of signatories, WADAhas developed an online anti-doping survey tool. The

questionnaire consists of multiplechoice questions which refer torequirements and stipulationswithin the rules adopted by theanti-doping organization orInternational Federation and tothe actions taken or not takenby the same organizations.

This online tool will assistWADA in evaluating the statusof each signatory with regardsto compliance with the Codeand enable WADA to provideguidance, if needed, to achievecomplete compliance.

WADA also offers a number ofresources to assist stakeholderswith these regulatory obligations(see table, below).

A guide to building a NationalAnti-Doping Organization (NADO)

for those countries in need ofassistance will be available soon.“Building National Anti-DopingOrganizations—From Basics toBest Practice” provides thefoundation for developingeffective, efficient national anti-doping programs in every countryor region worldwide. Theinformation presented in thisguide is relevant for all countriesand regions, no matter the stageof NADO development—whetherthe process of establishing aNADO has just begun, or there isa well-established NADOindependently certified as alreadyhaving met mandatoryrequirements and qualitystandards—or anywhere inbetween these two extremes. ThisGuide will be available on the“Code Compliance & Reporting”section of www.wada-ama.org.

Code Compliance

Compliance Resources Available on WADA's Web site Go to www.wada-ama.org and click on "Code Compliance & Reporting"



In Searchof the Spirit of Sport

The struggle for the future, andperhaps the soul, of sport is anongoing conflict. The argumentspressed by the opponents of dopingcontrol have not changed much atall in the quarter-century since Ibegan my research into the ethicsof performance enhancement insport. Five arguments come uprepeatedly in one variation oranother. Each of them seemsplausible at first, but each onehas serious flaws.

Argument 1: “It’s all the same”

The first argument againstdoping control begins by notingthat sport is constantly evolvingin the quest for outstandingperformance. Equipmentimproves—fiberglass polesreplace wooden ones in thepole vault. Training, also, istransformed by science. In theend, what difference does itmake that a cyclist’s enduranceimproves through power metersand interval training, or throughinjections of EPO? Aren’t they alljust ways of going faster longer?

Suppose someone showed upto compete in the New YorkMarathon. She was properlyregistered and equipped except forone thing—her shoes had wheelson the bottom. She was wearingroller blades. Not surprisingly, shecovers the 26-plus miles fasterthan everyone using running shoes.Does she deserve to be crownedas the winner? Virtually everyoneI’ve asked this question says no,she does not. Not all means forgoing faster in the marathon areequal. Some, like roller blades—and perhaps EPO, anabolic steroids,and other drugs—undermine themeaning of the sport. If you agreethat our imaginary roller bladingmarathoner has not earned thechampion’s crown, then youunderstand that not all ways ofimproving performance are the same.

Argument 2:The line-drawing problem

The doping skeptic may concedethat point but insist that it’simpossible to draw a line that isnot hopelessly, fatally arbitrary.Some varieties of arbitrariness are

morally abhorrent, for examplepunishing one person and rewardinganother when they’ve done exactlythe same thing. Sport is constantlydrawing lines, but they don’t seemto be arbitrary in quite the sameindefensible way. Basketballpermits five players to a side. Whydraw the line at five? Why not fouror six? As a youth I played five-on-five, but also two-on-two, evenone-on-one. Of course, the gamechanges along with the number ofplayers. But still, why five? Imaginethat we take the skeptic’s criticismto heart. Yes, five is an arbitraryplace to draw the line, like everyother particular number. So we’lllet teams put as many players asthey want on the court. The elegance,speed, passing and grace ofbasketball would collapse underthe weight of massive numbers andbrute force as teams put 30, 40 ormore players on the floor. It mightresemble an endless rugby scrum,only on hardwood not grass.

Drawing lines is not onlypermissible, it is essential forpreserving the meaning of eachsport and of sport in general.

By Thomas H. Murray, PhDThe Hastings Center, Garrison, NY USA

Thomas Murray

Arbitrariness is not a fatal flawwhen line-drawing is necessary inthis way, and when a reasonablecase can be made for drawing theline in this particular place—evenif another nearby spot would havebeen equally defensible. So proteinsupplements and special dietsmay fall on the acceptable side ofthe line, while anabolic steroidsand human growth hormone areprohibited. The line must bedrawn with great care, and therewill always be cases that challengeit; those cases should prompt athoughtful reappraisal of preciselywhere to draw the line—butdifficult cases are never reasons toabandon line-drawing altogether.

Argument 3:“You’ll put your eye out!”A detour into paternalism

Why, though, should we draw theline this side of performanceenhancing drugs? The most commonanswer is that athletes might hurtthemselves if they use steroids,EPO, or other drugs. There aretwo problems with this argument,which philosophers call “paternalism.”Roughly, paternalism is doingsomething to or for another personin order to promote their good, butwithout regard to their owndesires or preferences.

Paternalism is an essential part ofgood parenting (I wouldn’t allowmy three-year old grandchildrenTess and Cooper to play in thestreet even if they wanted to.They’re too young to appreciatethe risks, I know better, and I amresponsible for their well-being).So paternalism would supportlimiting the freedom of adolescentathletes to take severe risks; butits legitimacy fades as athletesbecome adults.

The second problem with the “you’llput your eye out!” argument is thatin many sports we encourage andreward athletes for taking risks.Alpine ski racers careen downsteep slopes at 100 kilometers anhour, and road cyclists descendlong hills at comparable speeds.They are likely to find the tenderconcern that they might hurtthemselves if they take steroidsor EPO a tad hypocritical.

In research done at The HastingsCenter nearly thirty years ago, andin the decades since, I havespoken with many elite athletes.Overwhelmingly, they did not seeusing performance enhancingdrugs as a glorious expression oftheir personal liberty. Most athletesare merely trying to level a playingfield tilted against them because,

they fear, their competitors aregaining an advantage by takingdrugs. Drug use by some athletes,in other words, creates enormouscoercive pressure on other athletesto also use drugs merely to keepup. Successful doping controllevels the playing field so thatathletes can compete fairly withoutdrugs. So, even if paternalismweakens as athletes become adults,protecting athletes from the coercivepower of drugs in sport remains asolid ethical justification foreffective doping control.

Argument 4:“Resistance is futile”

Notice that I said effective dopingcontrol—which brings up thefourth objection: that, in the wordsof the Borg from the televisionseries Star Trek, “resistance isfutile.” Here the skeptic can notethat enforcing a ban on doping isdifficult. It is. The question for usthough, given that perfection isunachievable in doping control or,for that matter, any other importantsocial policy, what level of controlis possible and worth the trouble?Some components of a seriousand significant doping controlsystem, such as sample collectionand lab protocols, have long beenin place. But other pieces have

“I understand the spirit of sport to be embodied not only in the Olympic Games,but in the strivings of every amateur athlete who kicks a ball, runs on countrypaths, or pedals up steep hills. The glory of sport is learning what we can do withthe natural talents we have, perfecting them through admirable, persistent effort.Yes, I could probably ascend the four mile climb into Fahnestock Park near myhome more easily if I used EPO. I could do it much more quickly on a motorbike.But where is the satisfaction in that?”


been weak or lacking until recentyears, among them a genuinecommitment from the leadershipof sport, a good measure ofindependence for those entrustedwith doping control, and funds tosupport the research necessary tokeep up with—or get ahead of—doping advocates. The creation ofWADA and other national anti-dopingagencies, and the reinvigorationof a number of sports governingbodies give reason to hope thatresistance, in this instance,may not be so futile.

Argument 5:Transhumanism and the re-manufactured athlete

The skeptic’s fifth and lastargument may be the greatestchallenge to the future of sport.Olympic athletes push the humanbody to its limits. Sport sciencecontinues to discover new ways topress past old boundaries throughstudies of how the body respondsto training, optimizing recovery,biomechanical analysis and

other techniques. The quest forknowledge and technique is a vitalpart of what it means to be human.Why, the skeptic may ask, do wepermit, even encourage, usingscience and technology to improveperformance in many ways,but recoil when the means oftransforming the human athleticbody is through drugs, implants,or—and this is more hype thanreality at the moment—geneticengineering? Some commentatorsargue that we should embrace thetechnologically re-manufacturedathlete as the apotheosis of sport.Human ingenuity creates themeans, such as biosynthetichormones, to alter the human body;human will finds the determinationto employ those means despite thedimly understood dangers that mayaccompany them. Therefore,the skeptic concludes, themanufactured—literally, made-by-hand—athlete is the highestexpression of the human spirit.

This, roughly, is the view ofcertain transhumanists who want

to shrug off, even transcend, thelimitations of our finite, imperfectbodies. I understand the spirit ofsport to be embodied not only inthe Olympic Games, but in thestrivings of every amateur athletewho kicks a ball, runs on countrypaths, or pedals up steep hills.The glory of sport is learning whatwe can do with the natural talentswe have, perfecting them throughadmirable, persistent effort. Yes,I could probably ascend the fourmile climb into Fahnestock Parknear my home more easily ifI used EPO. I could do it muchmore quickly on a motorbike. Butwhere is the satisfaction in that?

Humankind could devise atranshumanist competition forcyber-athletes if it wished. I wouldnot be at all surprised. But, aslong as people care about humanexcellence, natural talents, andthe dedication and intelligencerequired to perfect those talents,I believe the spirit of sport, and theOlympics, can and should survive.

Thomas Murray

About Thomas Murray and the Hastings Center

Thomas H. Murray, PhD, is President of The Hastings Center (USA). Dr. Murray, chairman of WADA's Ethical Issues Review Panel, was formerly theDirector of the Center for Biomedical Ethics in the School of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was also theSusan E. Watson Professor of Bioethics. He is a founding editor of the journal Medical Humanities Review, and is on the editorial boards ofThe Hastings Center Report; Human Gene Therapy; Politics and the Life Sciences; Cloning, Science, and Policy; Medscape General Medicine;Teaching Ethics; Journal of Bioethical Inquiry and the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. He also is a member of the International Panel of Experts ofthe Singapore Bioethics Advisory Committee, the Advisory Committee for the Genomics Institute at the Wadsworth Center, the Ethics Committee of theHuman Genome Organization, Board of Directors of Charity Navigator, and Board of Directors of Physicians and Lawyers for National Drug Policy; a U.S.representative to the International Stem Cell Forum's Ethics Working Party; and consulting editor in bioethics to Johns Hopkins University Press.He served as President of the Society for Health and Human Values and of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, and has been a memberof the U.S. Olympic Committee's Anti-Doping Committee as well as the NIH Director's Working Group on Oversight of Gene Therapy Research.

Author of more than 200 publications, his most recent books are The Worth of a Child, Healthcare Ethics and Human Values: An Introductory Text withReadings and Case Studies and The Cultures of Caregiving: Conflict and Common Ground among Families, Health Professionals and Policy Makers,edited with Carol Levine. He is also editor, with Maxwell J. Mehlman, of the Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal and Policy Issues in Biotechnology.

The Hastings Center, with offices in Garrison, NY and Washington, DC (USA), is the world's first research institution devoted to bioethics. Its mission isto create and share knowledge about ethics in medicine and the life sciences. The Center's unique interdisciplinary process allows complex issues tobe analyzed from different perspectives-legal, medical, biological, philosophical, economical, and even personal-in order to find common ground.

www.thehastingscenter.org



Athlete Outreach continues to be an importantprogram for WADA in reaching out to andinteracting with the athletes of the world. Withthe goal of raising awareness about WADA andthe anti-doping issue, Athlete Outreach is animportant platform to provide information in a funand engaging way at major events worldwide.

In the latter half of 2007, WADA’s Athlete OutreachProgram interacted with thousands of athletes andofficials in three key regions of the world: Africa,South America and Asia. Each program recruited ateam of international anti-doping experts to supportits operation and used the WADA Doping Quiz, nowtranslated into 16 languages, to provide anti-doping information directly to athletes and officials.

All Africa Games, Algiers, Algeria, 11–23 July 2007

The All Africa Games, one of the largest sporting events in Africa, takes place every four years. Havinghad great success at the 2003 Games hosted in Nigeria, WADA once again prioritized this major eventby taking its Athlete Outreach Program to Algiers (Algeria), where the 2007 All Africa Games werehosted, from 11 to 23 July.

With four athlete villages to contend with, WADA's Athlete Outreach Program was mobilized, changingits venue every two days in order to reach as many athletes as possible during the Games. A regionalteam from Africa was recruited to help deliver the program and was led by the Director of WADA's AfricaRegional Office Rodney Swigelaar. The team included Silvestre Nicaningo (MOZ), Dr. Donia Koubaa (TUN),Mr. Jean Larue (SEY) and Assistant to WADA's Africa Regional Office Nathalie Bashala. Olympian andAmbassador for Fair Play Frankie Fredericks (NAM) visited the program to show his support.

Up Close and PersonalOutreach Builds Athlete Awareness

Pan American Games, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 13–29 July 2007

The Pan American Games are a continental version of the Olympic Games and include Olympic sports aswell as other disciplines approved by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO). The purpose of thePan American Games is to provide a competition for the Americas and are always hosted one year prior tothe Summer Olympic Games.

Hosted in Rio de Janeiro in July 2007, the Pan American Games welcomed more than 5,500 athletesrepresenting 42 countries, competing in more than 30 sports. This was the second time WADA's AthleteOutreach Program attended a Pan American Games, the first being in 2003 when the event was hosted inthe Dominican Republic. In Rio, WADA had a booth and information set-up in the dining room in the athletevillage. A regional team of anti-doping experts was recruited to assist with delivering the message and wasled by WADA's Manager of Outreach and Athlete Programs Stacy Spletzer. The team included Director ofWADA's Latin American Regional Office Diego Torres Villegas, Vice President of Trinidad & Tobago Alliance forSport & Physical Education Andre Collins (TRIN), Manager of Anti-Doping for the Vancouver OrganizingCommittee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Karine Henrie (CAN), steroid specialist fromBrazil Paulo Rodrigo da Silva (BRZ), and Assistant to WADA's Latin American Regional Office Edna Serra.

The WADA Athlete Outreach Model

The Athlete Outreach Model was launched in 2006 in an effort to provide stakeholders all the toolsnecessary to deliver their own outreach activities. The program is turn-key and available at no cost.Stakeholders that sign up to the model are provided templates for educational resources and banners, thedoping quiz, co-branded with their logo, and guidance on how best to start an outreach program.

The success of the program is growing and there are currently over 25 organizations using some aspect ofthe program in their national or sport-specific activities. Recent Outreach model programs include:

The European Athletic Association adopted and launched the Athlete Outreach Model at the EuropeanAthletic Championships from 12–15 July, held in Debrecen (Hungary).

The International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) continued their partnership in delivering theAthlete Outreach Model at the Track and Field World Championships in Osaka (Japan) from 25 Augustuntil 2 September. They ran their program with the help of the Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA).

The International Tennis Federation (ITF) adopted the Athlete Outreach Model and used it for the firsttime at the US Open, held August 27–September 9 in New York City (USA). The ITF is currentlyplanning their next activity at the Australian Open in Melbourne (Australia) in January 2008.


World University Games (Universiade), Bangkok, Thailand, 8–18 August 2007

The Universiade is an international sporting and cultural festival organized every two years during both thesummer and winter seasons. The International University Sports Federation (FISU) was formed to oversee eachevent, which allows opportunities for university students from around the world to compete at a high level.

In August, Bangkok welcomed over 8,000 athletes from over 135 nations, and WADA's Athlete OutreachProgram was on hand to raise awareness about anti-doping. This was the second time WADA participated in theUniversiade, the first being in 2001 in China.

Situated in the high-traffic athlete village, WADA's Athlete Outreach booth provided several thousand athleteswith educational information and three computer stations to take part in the interactive Doping Quiz in 1 of 16available languages. The program was met with overwhelming enthusiasm by crowds of athletes who frequentlyqueued at the booth for several minutes to learn more about the fight against doping, and were often overhearddiscussing key issues with fellow teammates, trainers, coaches, and in a number of instances, their parents.

The Outreach Program, led by WADA Manager of Athlete Outreach and Athlete Programs Stacy Spletzer, wassupported by Doping Control Officer Dr. Tricia Guison (PHIL), USADA Education Project Manager Betsy Liebsch(USA), ASADA Strategic Deterrence Manager Tristan Salter (AUS), Education Program Manager for Drug FreeSport NZ Andrew Sylvester (NZ), and WADA Communications Coordinator James Roach.

Doping Quiz Link Program

WADA’s Doping Quiz ‘Link Program’ was launched on 27 June 2007. The Link Program provides an avenue fororganizations around the world to link their Web sites, for free, to WADA’s Doping Quiz, thus allowing more athletesand officials to receive this information. The Doping Quiz, now in 16 different languages, has become a cornerstoneto WADA’s Outreach activities and the Link Program is a direct result of stakeholder feedback and requests.

Since June, 97 organizations from around the world have linked their organization’s Web sites to WADA’s dopingquiz which has solidified the importance and impact of this multi-lingual educational tool.


Athlete Outreach

WADA has promoted Rob Koehleras its new Education Director.Koehler has been an integralmember of WADA's staff since2002, serving as Deputy Directorof Standards and Harmonization,and has been largely responsiblefor the advances made ininitiating Regional Anti-DopingOrganizations around the globe.

Rob Koehler has been working inanti-doping field for more thanten years. Prior to joining WADAhe worked with the CanadianAnti-Doping Program (CCES).During his tenure with the CCES,

he was involved with Spirit ofSport Foundation promotingvalues of fair and ethical sportand the drug free sport program.He was also responsible formanaging doping controlprograms for major Games inCanada including the summerand winter Canada Games, the1999 World Junior Ice HockeyChampionships and the 1999Pan American Games in Winnipeg.

Koehler replaces Julie Carter whowill be leaving Montreal to pursueother opportunities. WADA extendsits gratitude to Carter who has been

a driving force in building anEducation program that is foundedin values-based learning and sharingexpertise among stakeholders.

WADA has also appointed EmilianoSimonelli as its new Senior Managerfor Code Compliance.

WADA Appoints New Education Director

WADA Updates

At its meeting in September, WADA's ExecutiveCommittee approved the List of ProhibitedSubstances and Methods for 2008. The 2008 Listoffers some changes compared to the 2007 List.For example, the 2008 List will include new classesof substances such as selective androgen receptormodulators (SARMs), a family of nonsteroidalmolecules that has the same effect as anabolicsteroids, and agents modifying myostatin functionsincluding but not limited to myostatin inhibitors.The Executive Committee also approved amendingthe prohibition of intravenous infusions so thatintravenous infusions are not permitted except inthe treatment of acute medical conditions. The2008 List was published online on 26 September2007, and will go into effect on 1 January 2008.

WADA assumed responsibility for the List followingimplementation of the World Anti-Doping Code(Code) and the International Standards in 2004.The List is developed through a highly consultativeyear-long process, beginning with the circulation ofa draft List among more than 1,700 stakeholdersfor comment. The comments received areprocessed by WADA's List Committee, who thenpresents its conclusions to the WADA Health,Medical and Research Committee, who in turnsubmits its final recommendations the ExecutiveCommittee at the annual September meeting. TheExecutive Committee, WADA's ultimate policy-making body, discusses the recommendations andmakes a final decision.

2008 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods

WADA's Web site, published in the Agency's two official languages English and French, also has availablefor download much of its content translated into multiple other languages. Recognizing the large number ofSpanish-speaking populations and in view of the Pan American Games hosted in July in Rio as well as theWorld Conference hosted in November in Madrid, WADA has aggregated its Spanish-language content andmade it more visible and accessible from the WADA home page via a special Contenido en Español button.More than forty documents and multimedia resources are available in Spanish.

WADA Streamlines

Web-based Spanish Content


Rob Koehler


Partner Profile

By Michael Geistlinger, IBU Secretary General

Biathlon and Anti-Doping

Two of the worst days during the past 2006 Olympic Winter Games in Turin came for the International Biathlon

Union (IBU) Executive Board and all biathlon friends when they were informed of an adverse analytical finding in

the sample of one of the most brilliant female biathletes. Concerns were compounded by the police search of the

accommodations and belongings of a member federation's biathletes and their team staff—due to the suspicion

of possessing prohibited substances or of having applied or having been ready to apply prohibited methods.

The first impression was that theIBU's battle against doping hadproven rather unsuccessful anddissatisfying. However, uponcloser inspection the oppositeconclusion can also be drawn:assuming that no sport is safefrom athletes, coaches andmedical doctors using prohibitedsubstances or applying prohibitedmethods, the fact that suchpersons are found can also beseen as proof of a successfulcooperation between the IBU,WADA and the IOC.

In the winter of 1994/1995, theIBU started its own blood testsystem in addition to the regularurine testing of the top-placedathletes and of further athletesdrawn by lot. Whereas the urinetests take place immediately aftera biathlon competition, the bloodcontrols are organized prior tothe start of the competitions andfocus on the search for elevated

hemoglobin or hematocritvalues. Six to ten athletes percompetition at World Cups andall participating athletes atWorld Championships have beensubmitted to such tests over theyears. The IBU acquired its ownSysmex machine and rented itsown van to carry the machineto each competition site, whichallowed an immediate analysisof the blood taken from theathletes—all of them drawn bylot at World Cups—at the venue.This system led to the immediatesuspension of an athlete foundwith elevated values. Thus onaverage, three to five athletes percompetition season (consistingof eight World Cups and a WorldChampionship) had to besuspended from competing untila re-test showed normal bloodvalues. Whenever one of thefive members of the IBU MedicalCommittee—all of them medicaldoctors—acting as medical

delegate for an event saw otherabnormalities in tested blood,she/he informed the chairpersonof her/his committee, who thenfollowed up the case withtarget testing.

In parallel the IBU, beingwell aware of the similarityof the development of dopingtechnology, tried to improvethe effectiveness of its testingand asked the athletes to agreeto the use of their blood datacollected since 1994/95 for aresearch project co-funded byWADA and the IBU beingcalled ARIETTA, short forArtificial Intelligence EvokingTarget Testing in Anti-Doping.The project aimed at thedevelopment and applicationof computer software allowingcomputerized screening of thecollected blood test results forabnormalities other thanelevated hemoglobin and

hematocrit values, and thedefinition of these abnormalities.Taking into consideration thatdifferent substances andmethods can increase theoxygen-carrying capacityof blood and the athlete'sperformance, and that validateddetection methods for theseergogenic aids are available,the project aimed to developan intelligent system able toshow athletes’ profiles in orderto detect those reflecting anabnormal pattern consistentwith the use of bannedsubstances or methods. Anintelligent system with differentsections and functions wasdeveloped and tested after thehematological and performancedata of athletes belonging tothe IBU had been entered.

The experience derived fromroutine application to create astable target testing program,and from future studies aiming toevaluate and increase the sensitivityof the diagnostic phase willrepresent a further improvementof the system. ARIETTA isdeemed to be an efficient databaseenabling a quick evaluation andinterpretation of blood results. Itcould improve surveillance programsand timely testing of athletes bythe international federationscollecting blood samples fortarget testing purposes.

The project was successfullycompleted by the beginning of thecurrent year and will allow a newIBU target testing program—which has currently been set upfor the rest of the year and theforthcoming competition season—to be streamlined. Taken togetherwith what is quite an impressivequantity of tests for one of thesmaller winter sports federations,the program will thus substantiallyimprove the quality of theIBU-WADA tests of biathletes.

In the sport of biathlon in 2006,a total of 254 doping controlswere exercised by the IBU,160 by WADA, 553 by IBUmember federations, and 120by the IOC in the pre-games andgames period in Turin (as far asthe IBU is aware), which makesthe total number of 1087 for thesport of biathlon in the year2006. In terms of the budget,the expenses covered by the IBUfor anti-doping measures in thebusiness year 2006 amountedto more than €200,000. Fivemedical doctors, 3 medicalassistants and one person runningthe ADAMS system—which theIBU joined to administrate thewhereabouts information for the30 top male and female athletesforming the IBU Registered TestingPool from 2006 onwards—makeup the IBU staff and functionariesdirectly running the IBU anti-

doping system. The responsibilityfor results management lies withthe Secretary General and theExecutive Board.

The fight against doping is not aninsignificant undertaking for arelatively small Olympic sportsfederation. Irrespective of this fact,the IBU Executive Board andHeadquarters feel fully supportedby the IBU member federationswith regard to budget and staffassignments to anti-doping, aswell as with advising their athletesand staff on how to use theADAMS system and in correctlyimplementing the World Anti-Doping Code, the IBU Anti-DopingRules and all the respectiveInternational Standards.

With regard to the applicationof the ADAMS system, nearlyall athletes belonging to the IBURegistered Testing Pool use thissystem correctly and timely.The IBU is optimistic that the fewathletes—which can be countedon one hand—who are stillsending their whereaboutsinformation outside of theADAMS system will also soonbe convinced to change theirrespective behaviors. As a nextstep, the IBU intends to activatethe ADAMS system to processTUE decisions and applications.


The Value ofTeamworkSport remains an “education on life” for

Brazilian Volleyballer Marcus Vinícius Freire,as he continues to fight the “big war” between

clean athletes and those who dope.

Soccer (i.e. football) may be the most popularsport practiced in Brazil, with its history of greatplayers, large stadiums and fanatical fans, but itis not the only sport this country of 185 millioninhabitants excels in and enjoys with greatpassion. Brazil also has a strong tradition forthe sport of volleyball, possibly originating withBrazilians avidly enjoying the sport on theircountry’s famous beaches—such as those inRio de Janeiro.

As a young boy, Marcus Vinícius Freire may havedreamed of being a soccer player like manyyoung Brazilian girls and boys, but because of theinfluence of his older brother he came to learnabout volleyball. At 6’3”, his height and frameultimately were better suited for volleyball thansoccer, but it was his ability and talent thatallowed him to become part of the first generationof Brazilians to play professional indoor volleyball;a career that culminated in an Olympic silvermedal at the Los Angeles Olympic Games. Afterthe 1984 Olympic Games, Marcus went on toplay professional volleyball in Italy for three years.

Play True: Do you believe that athletes are role models?

Marcus Vincius Freire: I think athletes and theirexperiences can offer an important model for bothyoung athletes and society. It is important we useour experiences to show others that winning canbe accomplished without drugs or doping.

What is your opinion about anti-doping today and wheredoes it need to go in the future?

MVF: I think there is a big, big war between cleanathletes and those that dope. WADA has been animportant element, making things better. It is importantthat those in the world work together—WADA,athletes, international federations, Olympic committeesand governments—to fight the industry of doping andthose who cheat. I think this is our strong line for now.

Is this a war that can be won?

MVF: We need to keep fighting this war. Many whocheat have big money to find new ways to cheat. Weneed to continue to increase our efforts to beat them.

“Sport offers an education on life. I playedvolleyball with and against people from all overthe world which has been rewarding, fun andan important part of my life,” said Marcus,who was forced to retire early because of aback injury and hernia operation in 1990,at which time he made the ultimate transitionfrom an active athlete to sport administrator.

Today, at 44, Freire remains actively involvedwith Olympic sports. He is a televisioncommentator for major volleyball events andhas taken a key role at the Brazilian OlympicCommittee (BOC). Not only does he voluntarilyserve as the BOC’s Director of Sport, but the2008 Olympic Games in Beijing will be thethird time he will lead the Brazilian delegationas Chef de Mission. Marcus also serves asa member of WADA’s Athlete Committee.

What has sport, more specifically volleyball, given you?

MVF: Volleyball has taught me how to live my life.A team is similar to a family, it teaches good valuesand also working together. Volleyball exemplifiesteamwork because when one person touches the ball,if no one else touches it, the ball will hit the ground andyou will lose the point. Communication in volleyball isimportant since you can’t hit the ball two times in a row.I use this in my life now: with WADA, my career, andin my family. We need to work as a team.

What is the most important message you would want to provide regarding this issue?

MVF: My advice is this: We need to work as a teamto fight against drugs and against doping in sport.It can only be done if we work as a team.

Athlete Profile


“I think athletes can offer an importantmodel for both young athletes and society.It is important we use our experiencesto show others that winning can beaccomplished without drugs or doping.”

Marcus Vinícius Freire

1984 Olympic Silver Medalist / Los Angeles, USA1983 Gold Medalist Pan American Games/ Caracas, Venezuela1982 Gold Medalist in South American Games / São Paulo, Brazil1981 Bronze Medalist in World Cup / Japan

WADA Program Calendar. For the most current updates, visit www.wada-ama.org

THIRD WORLD CONFERENCE ON DOPING IN SPORT

ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

The World Conference, hosted by WADA in Madrid (Spain) in cooperation with the Spanish Government's HighCouncil for Sport, will be the third of its kind after the conference organized by the International Olympic Committee(IOC) in February 1999 in Lausanne (Switzerland) and the second held by WADA in Copenhagen (Denmark) inMarch 2003. Representatives of national governments, related public authorities, the Olympic Movement, othersports governing bodies, athletes and expert groups will attend the Conference. For more information, visitwww.wadamadrid2007.com November 15–17, 2007. Madrid, Spain.

WADA works with stakeholders to facilitate the establishment of strong anti-doping programs in sports and regionsthroughout the world. The following are meetings of various development programs, including those of RegionalAnti-Doping Organizations (RADOs).

ADAMS TRAINING

ADAMS (Anti-Doping Administration & Management System) is the web-based database management systemthat coordinates anti-doping activities worldwide. WADA hosts training sessions for stakeholders adopting theADAMS system.

November 21–24, 2007 Africa Zone II & III RADO Board Meeting Guinea

December 14–17, 2007 South Asia RADO Board Meeting and Doping Control Officer Training Maldives

February 8–11, 2008 West Asia RADO Board Meeting and Doping Control Officer Training Jordan

February/March 2008 Africa Zone V RADO Board Meeting Egypt

March 10–13, 2008 Eastern Europe RADO Board Meeting and Doping Control Officer Training TBC

May 14–16, 2008 Southeast Asia RADO Board Meeting TBC

Education Activities for Remainder of 2007

November 6, 2007 Anti-Doping Education Seminar for PAISAC Participants Montreal, Canada

November 26–28, 2007 Coach's Tool Kit Training for IF Representatives Lausanne, Switzerland

November 29–30, 2007 Québec Provincial Association of Teachers Annual Convention Montreal, Canada

Prospective Traveling Seminar Schedule for the First Quarter of 2008

TBC Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Cook Islands Oceania

TBC 3 locations in Southern Africa Africa

TBC Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico Americas

TBC Beijing, Chintao, Tengzu, Hong Kong Asia

EDUCATION ACTIVITIES

WADA's Education Department works through a variety of programs to expand the reach and impact of anti-dopingeducation worldwide. Through its various education activities, including its Traveling Seminars, WADA raisesunderstanding about anti-doping efforts, provides general information about anti-doping in sport and offersguidance and practical tools for initiating or enhancing anti-doping education programs among WADA stakeholders.

November 6–7, 2007 Trinidad

February 2008 Doha, Qatar

WADA Calendar

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