plate tectonics. what is plate tectonics? the earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into...
DESCRIPTION
The Crust This is where we live! The Earth’s crust is made of: Continental Crust - thick (10-70km) - buoyant (less dense than oceanic crust) - mostly old Oceanic Crust - thin (~7 km) - dense (sinks under continental crust) - youngTRANSCRIPT
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Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
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What is Plate Tectonics?What is Plate Tectonics?• The Earth’s crust and upper mantle are
broken into sections called plates.• Plates move around on top of the mantle
like rafts.
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The CrustThe Crust• This is where we live!
• The Earth’s crust is made of:
Continental Crust
- thick (10-70km)- buoyant (less dense than oceanic crust) - mostly old
Oceanic Crust
- thin (~7 km)- dense (sinks under continental crust)- young
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World PlatesWorld Plates
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What are tectonic plates made of?What are tectonic plates made of?
• Plates are made of rigid lithosphere.
The lithosphere is made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
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What lies beneath the tectonic plates?What lies beneath the tectonic plates?
• Below the lithosphere (which makes up the tectonic plates) is the asthenosphere.
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Plate MovementPlate Movement• “Plates” of lithosphere are moved around by
the underlying mantle convection currents.– Also, gravity pulls harder on the more dense
oceanic plates.
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Questions...Questions...
• What causes plates to move?• How is a convection current
formed?
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Questions...Questions...• What is the theory of plate tectonics?• What is the lithosphere?• What is the asthenosphere?• What is the connection between the
two?• What are the two types of plates?
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Plate BoundariesPlate Boundaries
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• Divergent
• Convergent
• Transform
Three types of plate boundary
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• Seafloor Spreading– As plates move apart new material is erupted to
fill the gap
Divergent Boundaries
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Age of Oceanic Crust
Courtesy of www.ngdc.noaa.gov
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• Iceland has a divergent plate boundary running through its middle
Iceland: An example of continental rifting
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• Two plate that are colliding • There are three styles of convergent
plate boundaries– Continent-continent collision– Continent-oceanic crust collision– Ocean-ocean collision
Convergent Boundaries
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• Forms mountains, e.g. European Alps, Himalayas
1. Continent-Continent Collision
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Himalayas
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• Called SUBDUCTION
2. Continent-Oceanic Collision
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• Oceanic lithosphere subducts underneath the continental lithosphere
• Oceanic lithosphere heats and dehydrates as it subsides
• The melt rises forming volcanism
• E.g. The Andes
Subduction
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• When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other causing it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone.
• The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very deep depression in the ocean floor called a deep-sea trench.
• The deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches. – The Mariana Trench is 11 km deep!
3. Ocean-Ocean Collision
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• Where plates slide past each otherTransform Boundaries
Above: View of the San Andreas transform fault
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Questions...Questions...• What are the three types of
boundaries?• What direction do plates go for
each?• Which boundary has a subduction
zone…what occurs at a subduction zone?
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Side EffectsSide Effects• Earthquakes and
volcanoes transfer energy from Earth’s interior to the surface.• Earthquakes –
mechanical energy• Volcanoes – thermal
and mechanical energy
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