Project info

This project has received funding iunder the framework of JPI Oceans

 

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Project info

Acknowledgement of relevant funding agencies. Please find all logo’s on the following website: https://epss-jpi-oceans.ptj.de/partners

 

Project logo

   

3.5  3.8  4.1  4.4  4.7  5.0  5.3  5.6  

0   5   10   15   20  

Cl/biphe

nyl  

Incuba/on  Time  (weeks)  

MPs-­‐PCBs  in  sediment  

PE   PET   PS   PP   PVC  

3.5  3.8  4.1  4.4  4.7  5.0  5.3  5.6  

0   5   10   15   20  

Cl/biphe

nyl  

Incuba/on  Time  (weeks)  

MPs-­‐PCBs  in  water  

PE   PET   PS   PP   PVC  

A   B  

-­‐  Clear  inges;on  of  PS  and  GF  -­‐  Possible  preferen;al  inges;on  of  PS.  -­‐  No  evidence  of  excre;on.  

Fig.  8:  Reduc;ve  dechlorina;on  of  PCB  (Aroclor  1254)  adsorbed  to  different  MPs  in  sediment  (A)  and  water  (B)  PCB-­‐dechlorina;ng  marine  cultures.  

Microplas;cs  (MPs)  are  increasingly  documented  in  marine  organisms,  including  species  involved  in  human  consump;on  such  as  molluscs,  crustaceans  and  fishes.  Physiochemical  proper;es  (size,  density,  shape,  chemical  composi;on)  of  MPs  might  influence  their  inges;on  by  organisms  and  subsequent  food  web  transfer.  Most  knowledge  is  from  laboratory  work,  and  there  is  li[le  empirical  informa;on  on  the  distribu;on  and  detec;on  of  MPs  in  nature.    The  aims  of  the  work  are  to:    •  Quan;fy  and  characterise  MPs  

occurrence  in  key  marine  species  with  different  feeding  strategies  from  relevant  coastal  ecosystems  around  Europe.    

•  Iden;fy  relevant  spa;al  distribu;on  pa[erns  of  MPs  

•  Understand  which  proper;es  tend  to  favour  MPs  inges;on  and  reten;on  by  the  organisms  

   

PLASTOX is supported by national funding agencies in the framework of JPI Oceans and other institutions

PLASTOX WP 3: MPs  uptake  and  food  web  transfer

•  The  presence  of  MPs  in  our  organisms  was  consistently  rather  small  compared  to  previous  data  from  the  literature.    

•  The  

Organisms  from  different  trohic  levels  were  processed  for  MPs  extrac/on,  quan/fica/on  and    characteriza/on  (µ-­‐FTIR).    

h[ps://www.sintef.no/projectweb/plastox/  

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   Background  and  aims  

Field-­‐based   and   laboratory   studies   at  sta/ons   represen/ng   a   wide   range   of  European   marine   environments   (Adria/c,  North   Sea,   Atlan/c   Ocean)   and   habitats  (saltmarshes,   sedimentary   coastal   habitats  and  pelagic  coastal  systems)    

MPs in food webs_ field studies

Location B

Location C

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3

C.galucum  

M.galloprovincialis  

C.aestuarii  

Nereis  

0  

0.5  

1  

1.5  

2  

2.5  

3  

3.5  

Baiona   Bellocchio   Chioggia  

Average  of  M

Ps/organ

ims  

1Alma  Mater  Studiorum  -­‐  University  of  Bologna,  Italy;  ;  2  FCT-­‐NOVA,  Portugal;  3IMARES  Wageningen  UR,  Netherlands;  4  IVL  Swedish  Environmental  Research  Ins;tute,  Sweden;  5  Ghent  University,  Belgium;  6Na;onal  University  of  Ireland  Galway;  7Norwegian  University  for  Science  and  Technology;    8SINTEF  Materials  and  Chemistry,  Norway.

Stefania  Piarulli1,   Laura  Airoldi1,   Filipa  Bessa2,  Paolo  Comandini1,   Thomas  Doyle6,  Marco  Capolupo1,   Elena  Fabbri1,   Jan  van  Franeker3,  Maria   Grannberg4,   Susanne   Kuhen3,   Rocco   Mazzeo1,   Kers/n   Magnusson4,   Silvia   Pra/1,   Antonella   Rosato1,   Lurgi   Salaverria7,   Sara  Scapinello1,   Giorgia   Sciu^o1,   Paula   Sobral2,   Carl   Van   Colen5,   Brecht   Vanhove5,   Alina   Madita   Wieczorek6,   Joanne   XW   Wong1,Giulio  Zanaroli1,  Andy  Booth8  

Location A

Uptake  &  accumula/on_lab  experiments  

PE  

PS  

GF  -­‐  MP  concentra;on:  75,  750  &  7500  par;cles  mL-­‐1  -­‐  Exposure  ;me:  O.  marina:  ≤1  h;  C.  finmarchicus:  ≤96  h  -­‐  Sta;c  exposure  on  custom  made  plankton  wheels

PCB-­‐dechlorina/ng  marine  cultures    -­‐  Incuba;on  in  sediment  vs.  water  -­‐  PCB-­‐contaminated  MPs  (Aroclor  1254  30  mgPCBs/kgMP)  vs.  pris;ne  MPs  

MPs  in  marine  food  webs      Experimental  approaches  

0

10

20

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Diplodus vulgaris Dicentrarchus labrax

Platichthys flesus Mic

ropl

astic

s in

gest

ion

freq

uenc

y (%

) Downstream

Upstream

Uptake  &  accumula/on  Oxyrrhis  marina  

 

 

 

 

Calanus  finmarchicus  

 

 

 

 • Adults  and  nauplii  ingested  all  MP  types.  

• MPs  excreted  in  faecal  pellets.  

• Faecal  pellet  produc;on  reduced  in  the  absence  of  algae.  

• MPs  may  be  retained  for  prolonged  period.  

PCB-­‐dechlorina/ng  marine  cultures  

-­‐  The  presence  of  MPs  consistently  rather  small  compared  to  previous  data.    -­‐  The  majority  of  MPs  extracted  were  fibres  par;cularly  in  invertebrates  species.  -­‐  Higher  presence  of  MPs  in  organisms  from  areas  with  stronger  anthropogenic  ac;vi;es  -­‐  Very  high  variability  in  the  MPs  gastrointes;nal  contents  among  individuals    

Fig 1: Red circles indicates european marine stations where field and laboratory studies have been performed.

Fig 2: Experimental design for organisms collection along the trophic chain.

A B C

Fig 3: (A) organism dissection; (B) digestion solution; (C) Filters (20 µm)  with  inorganic  and  synte;c  par;cles  aker  filtra;on

Fig  4:  Commercially  available  microplas;cs:    

PS  (10  µm)  PE  (3-­‐16  µm)  Fluorescent  (GF;  1-­‐µm)  

Fig.  5:  Microcosms  with  MPs  pellets  inoculated  with  PCB-­‐dechlorina;ng  culture  enriched  from  a  marine  sediment  

Fig.  7:(A-­‐B)  P  and  fluorecent  GF  inside  Oxyrrhis  marina;  (C-­‐D-­‐E)  all  plas;cs  pellets  inside  Calanus  finmarchicus    

A BC

D

E

(a)

(b)

(c) (d)

Fig  6:  MPs  distribu;on  in  different  species  from  four  european  marine  sta;ons:  (a)  Adria;c  Saltmarshes;  (b)  North  sea  saltmarshes;  (c)  Atlan;c  Ocean;  (d)  west-­‐Sweden  coastal  areas;  (e)  MPs  found  in  mesopelagic  fishes  from  Atlan;c  Ocean  iden;fied  with  µ-­‐FTIR.  

(e)