PLASTICS AS FUEL

PRESENTED BY:

P.SAI ANUSHA P.MOUNICA

anusha.sai2.com@gmail.com mouni.0425@gmail.com

AUDISANKARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

SPSR NELLORE DISTRICT GUDUR

ABSTRACT: today plastics have a

great point to be discuss because they cause land pollution realising hazardous gases into the atmosphere which are for responsible green house effect and many more, even many measures have been taken to reduce the use of plastics

But

Can we never think that

Why can’t we convert it into a useful fuel????????????

Everything what we use today are made of plastics but they are used they are just thrown into the atmosphere. So how to convert that waste plastic into a useful fuel is a problem here, at first we should see the from the where the waste plastic is released into the atmosphere in the sense house hold wastes, wastes from the scum areas and the wastes from constructional wastes etc, at first the plastics should be selected based on their carbon number and the plastics of certain number are chosen for this process of conversion .then it is pulverised into small plastic pallets. These pallets yield three different products which are responsible for the production two different types of fuels. coming on to the process of conversion it is explained b the help of block diagram where there are different steps which includes the pulverisation chamber extrusion chamber and then to pyrolysis chamber where the entire molten plastic is again heated up for the temperature of about 370-420c in the presence of some enzymes which results in formation of crude oil. This crude oil is latter passed into the fractional distillation where this crude oil is separated into the two different oils that are the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuels. Therefore from this it

is clear that plastic is no more a waste even it can be converted into useful fuel.

INTRODUCTION: plastics are

causing a serious damage to the nature so in order to overcome these disasters a new technique was found i.e., converting the waste plastics into a useful fuel. This technique was first introduced by alka zadgaonkar. Alka Zadgaonkar, who lives and works as an applied chemistry professor in the central Indian town of Nagpur, began to work her magic almost two years ago. A zero-pollution industrial process to convert non-biodegradable - and mostly non-recyclable - plastic waste into liquid hydrocarbons is quietly underway in the Butibori industrial estate, 25 km from Alka's home in Nagpur, the absolute central point of the country.

WHAT ARE PLASTIC WASTES: everything what we use today are made of plastics. Taking from the chocolate wrapper to the plastics used in the constructional sites plastics have a large usage. But once they are just thrown into the atmosphere, which causes a great damage to the nature. In our country about 1850 tonnes of plastics are released into the atmosphere in which about 40% is renewed and 60% remains waste.

TYPES OF PLASTIC WASTES: today plastics are released into the atmosphere, they are

1. House hold wastes2. Plastic waste scum3. Plastic from constructional sites

HOUSE HOLD WASTES: most of the part plastic wastes are contributed

by the house hold itself like polyethene covers, plastic bags,

bottles and everything.

PLASTIC WASTE SCUM: the

plastic wastes like from the hospitals from the offices etc

PLASTIC WASTES FROM CONSTRUCTIONAL SITES: The plastic waste from the constructional sites even plays a major role to distruct the atmosphere.

About 16% of the total wastes released into the atmosphere is contributed by the plastic itself.

PROCESS OF CONVERSION: coming on to the process of conversion at first plastics are selected based on their c value and the plastics which are having value as 122c is chosen for the process of conversion. These chosen plastics are then pulverised into the plastic pallets. The plastic pallets are of three types they are

1. Poly styrene 2. Poly propylene3. Poly ethylene

The two products polyethylene and ploy propylene can yields gaseous fuels where as polystyrene can yield liquid fuel like kerosene, diesel, petroleum etc.,

Once the plastics are pulverised they are dried into a separate chamber and then they are passed into the extrusion chamber where the plastic is converted into molten form. The molten plastics are then passed into the pyrolysis chamber.

PYROLYSIS: Heating anything in the absence of oxygen is known as the process of pyrolysis. The molten plastic coming from the extrusion chamber is then pyrolisied at the temperature of 370-420°C

and some of the glycerine gobbling micro organisms are made to grow on that molten plastic in the absence of oxygen. Plastic wastes are continuously treated into a cylindrical chamber and the pyrolytic gases condensed into a specially designed condenser system to yield a hydro carbon of aromatic carbons. The out put of the pyrolysis chamber is the crude oil. This crude oil is later passed into the fractional distillation chamber.

In the fractional distillation chamber the crude oil can yield two different products they are liquid fuel and gaseous fuel. Coming on to the liquid fuel this again be separated into the two different products based on their purity, they

are gasoline ,diesel . This entire process is explained in the block diagram shown above.

Once the fuels are separated the gaseous fuels are then passed into the compressors, where the mixtures of gaseous fuels are compressed which are later passed into the storage tank. Coming on to the liquid fuel this is passed separately into the condenser later to the water separator chamber and then to the centrifuge. In centrifuge the dirt or unwanted heavy particles are removed and later this refined fuel is stored in the storage tanks, after which it is delivered to the different sectors.

FUEL YEILD IN THIS PROCESS:

One kg of plastic yields 950 ml of crude oil.

This crude oil is later subjected to fractional distillation.

This further gives three major components.

ADVANTAGES:

This is completely eco friendly and greener technology

This decreases the Co2 emission. Reduces the area under landfills. Reducing the crude oil imports.

DISADVANTAGES:

1. To install this plant the initial cost is very high

2. We cannot install this plant any where as we like.

APPLICATIONS:

The obtained fuel has a wonderful application they are

1. We can generate electricity from this fuel.

2. From this we can extract chemicals which are later used for preparing drugs.

3. We can use this fuel directly as transport fuel

4. We can generate heat by heating the fuel.

CONCLUSION:

As we are converting that waste plastic into a useful fuel by this technique, hoping this to implement which can keep the entire future into the safe hands.

“Plastic is no more a waste it is a fuel from now”