INTEGRANTES:

Agip Alarcón Walter Daniel

Campos Tapia Alexander Hugo

Herrera Cercado Romain Ocaña Paredes Christian Salazar Salazar Eduardo Vicente Ramírez Daniel

22 de Noviembre del 2011Inglés Médico

Dra. Rosa Gonzales Llontop

PLASTIC SURGERY

PLASTIC SURGERY

1.DEFINITION

Plastic surgery is the medical specialty that is designed to bring to normal functional and anatomical body coverage, ie the body shape of animals. Seeks to reconstruct surgically correcting deformities and functional impairment by transforming the human body. The word "plastic" comes from the Greek "plastikos" meaning to mold or transform.The aim is that the patient is born with a birth defect or suffered an accident that he has lost the function of normal range in both its appearance and function of your body. It also enables to provide aesthetic improvement remodeling to make them more beautiful bodies.Plastic surgery has been divided from a practical point of view in two

fields.

• Reconstructive surgery or repair, including microsurgery, focuses on cover and reconstruct the destructive effects of an accident or trauma, a congenital defects and cancer or tumor resection. Reconstructive or restorative surgery makes use of different techniques: osteosynthesis with tissue transfer flaps and autologous healthy body parts to those affected, and so on.

• Cosmetic surgery or cosmetic surgery is performed in order to change those body parts that are not satisfactory for the patient. In many cases, however, there are medical reasons (for example, breast reduction when orthopedic problems in the lumbar spine or in severe cases of blepharoplasty dermatochalasis even impede the view).This division has been marked by society, and public health services and private (insurance companies) for health services will only cover the

cost of plastic surgery that are related to congenital, acquired and accidents.

Plastic surgery is based on the use of surgical Certain Techniques with the AIM of Improving the appearance of the animal, catalog Refers to When We Used to restore specific reconstructive SURGERIES Tissues Organs or after this appearance is lost, congenital defects alter either by the natural beauty Acquired Through trauma or damage or compromise the normal Any Means

aesthetic.

The grafting technique or tissue transplantation is considered value procedures to correct birth defects both acquired lesions. Cosmetic procedures in some breeds, due to the popularity and aesthetic standards lead to tail docking, ear cropping, extra fingers, removal of nails in cats, resection of horned cattle and goats. The correction of hernia is considered a

reconstructive process

2. CLASSIFICATION

RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OR REPAIR

The reconstructive plastic surgery procedures are performed to restore form and function of organs affected by diseases such as congenital, developmental or acquired. Among the most common causes are the deformities caused by cancer or other aftermath of surgical procedures, infections and others.

Fields of influence of reconstructive surgery:

Complicated fractures of the craniofacial skeleton.

Congenital malformations of the craniofacial skeleton and facial surgery (cleft lip and palate).

Reconstruction of the skin and nervous structures of the face. Oncoplastic surgery or plastic surgery oncology: reconstruction after

tumor removal surgery. Especially in breast and head and neck. Pressure Ulcers. Varicose ulcers. Flame burns, scald, electricity, chemical and freeze. Reconstruction of soft tissue associated with previous fractures or

during orthopedic surgery. Hand Surgery: Posttraumatic reconstruction, reimplants, transplants. Correction of congenital defects and degenerative diseases such as

rheumatoid arthritis.

COSMETIC SURGERY

The difference between the cosmetic surgery and the reconstructive surgery and reparadora is sometimes imperceptible, so since already many procedures of the cosmetic surgery have been mentioned they come to solve a pathology that concerns a function. And in

addition all the procedures of cosmetic surgery are based on others by reconstructive ends that developed during the wars; in fact we might say that the cosmetic surgery is another case of technologies developed during the wars applied to the civil world. The plastic surgery has a great development in Latin-American countries as Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Chile and Argentina that they rely on big plastic surgeons that they have done important contributions to the plastic world surgery.

Some procedures of cosmetic surgery:

Abdominoplastia: remodeling and reaffirmation of the abdomen.

Blefaroplastia: surgery of rejuvenation of eyelids, resection of skin

and bags of fat.

Circular Dermolipectomía or " body lifting ": remodeling of the

contour of the trunk.

Ginecomastia: reduction of breasts in the men.

Implants of bust or mamoplastia of increase: surgery in which

by means of prothesis or implants (of saline solution or gel of

silicone) there increases the size and the form of the bosoms.

Reconducive Mamoplastia.

Peeling: Dermoabrasión, Laserterapia that looks by means of burns

controlled of the skin for his rejuvenation

Mastopexia: his purpose is to reaffirm the bosoms.

Rinoplastia: it has the purpose of improving aesthetically the nose.

Otoplastia: correction of the faults of the ears.

Itidectomía facelift): his goal is to rejuvenate the face in its entirety.

Lipoescultura or Liposuction: the goal is to mold the fat of the

body of the patient.

Malar implant: surgery that the malar hipoplasia claims coregir.

Angle implant gonial: surgery that tries to give him definition and /

or volume.

Mentoplastia: surgery of increase or reduction of mentón.

Injection of materials of landfill like the acid hialurónico.

Vaginoplastia or vaginal rejuvenation

3.RELATED DISCIPLINES

Maxillofacial Surgery :

It is the surgical specialty that takes care of craniofacial and oral pathology. Some areas covered by this specialty are: correction of congenic defects (cleft lip and cleft palate), trauma in the face, cosmetic surgery of the face and neck cysts and tumors of the facial region, otherlist and cervical joint related problems cranio-mandibular, tongue, salivary glands and neck surgery third molar implant, and many other procedures. In some countries (mainly in the Americas) is often referred to specialist oral and maxillofacial surgery, and is a dental specialty. The field of action it is usually more limited than in the countries where it is a medical specialty.

Pediatric surgery :

In some countries like Spain, Germany or France, the treatment of children with burns or congenital malformations (cleft palate, protruding ears) is performed by surgeons in this age group.

Neurosurgery

The correction of complex deformities of the skull (craniosynostosis) is a shared property with maxillofacial surgeons and neurosurgeons, which include operations such training.

Otorhinolaryngology(ORL) :

The alterations of the ear and nose are covered by the activity of otolaryngologists in certain centers.

4.WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON COSMETIC SURGERIES?

Plastic surgery can offer a variety of cosmetic surgery to increase, decrease, firm body some way, accommodating almost any query.

The most common procedures are:

Rejuvenation of the face (wrinkles, eyelids, forehead, cheeks, neck).

Nose (cosmetic rhinoplasty). Highlight and skeletal changes of the face (chin, cheeks, jaw,

abnormal bite correction, changing the profile and proportions of the face).

Highlight and change the size of the breast (with implants increase, decrease, and reaffirmation).

Changes in body shape (abdomen, back, buttocks, hips, thighs).

The most requested aesthetic operations vary widely according to age groups. the difference is made between :

THE YOUNGER: demand rhinoplasty, liposuction and improving the appearance of the ears, in general become more beautiful.

AVERAGE AGE WOMEN: more concerned about remodeling your body after a pregnancy or to recover the lost figure of sagging, age, etc.

OLDER PEOPLE: logically fight against the signs of aging through lifts, sagging eyelids and neck.

5. Recommendations and care when performing a facelift

Cosmetic procedures or plastic surgery as we know usually require a complex care before and after submitting to this operation. Many people opt for cosmetic surgery because they feel uncomfortable with any part of your body, other people do it for promoting their health, but in most cases it is important to know where we're going to do the surgery, if the institution or clinic has all the technology and quality requirements for such operations, since otherwise we could face unpleasant situations and, in worst cases, irreversible damage.

It is no secret that today we live in a world where the vanity of people is above many other things, where everyone wants to look good and feel the same way with yourself. It is thanks to this that cosmetic surgery has gone from being something exclusive to celebrities or wealthy people to something within reach of the average person, everything is to meet human needs (in some people look good is a primary need, especially in women).

So to perform cosmetic surgery is necessary to follow the following recommendations:

1. go to an institution or clinic certified and reliable that meets all health requirements and expect credibility and technology to perform these

operations, there are now many clinics "pirates" who offer this service at a low cost, but does not meet all requirements and care they require this type of operation.

2. Check the infrastructure of the clinic, eye witness to the clinic itself has the appropriate equipment and hospital conditions, which physicians are certified and legitimate force to perform these procedures.

3. Note that it is important to have the endorsement of the physician, that our history is examined in detail and we are able to perform the surgery. This is important because before surgery should be examined and control some diseases triggered high blood pressure, diabetes, allergies, lung problems, alcohol, smoking, drugs and heart problems.

4. It is important to know that people are going to manipulate the surgical tools at the time should only be supervised by medical doctors or assistants, as incorrect use of the same can cause serious consequences and leave long-term irreversible damage.

5. Avoid taking aspirin or medications containing salicylates 2 weeks before and 2 semes after cosmetic procedure.

6. Use germicidal soap type Lactacyd days before surgery, it is convenient for the whole body.

7. Consider carefully all the instructions your doctor gives you and follow them exactly, is rigorous with the times to ingest drugs before and after surgery.

8. To save the rest for 24 hours postoperatively, and then walk 15 minutes 2 times a day, but it is important that after every walk of 15 minutes to rest. Do the exercise 2 times a day with no less than 5 hours between exercise and exercise. It is important to try to do this exercise together.

9. If you go out always remember to use sunscreen UV glasses if possible and avoid heavy solar radiation.

10. Try not to perform physically demanding activities such as jumps, runs very fast, aerobics, sit / stand ao long.

Remember that the most important is your health rather than physical appearance. Think very well and think about wanting to

have surgery, if warranted or worthwhile. Remember that the

best way to be good and feel good is by doing regular physical activity .