plasma arc science and technology

8/13/2019 Plasma Arc Science and Technology

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A R C S C I E N C E A N D T E C H N O L O G Y


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years ago, but extensive work with materials other than industrial high temperature metallurgical applications did not occur

temperatures on the heat shield of re-entry vehicles in the late 50s and 60s. Recently, this technology has begun to emerge

i.e., steel making, metallurgy, precious metal recovery, and waste disposal.

asma was done with a plasma torch. A plasma torch is a device that converts electrical energy into thermal energy (Camacho,

at is conditioned to respond to electromagnetic forces. The plasma arc is created when a voltage is established between two

ating element and as a resistive heating element it presents a distinct advantage over any solid heating element as plasma is a

rc creates a flame that has temperatures ranging from 4,000 to 7,000 C, which is hotter than the surface of the sun. Thus,

mperatures, higher enthalpies, and at efficiencies much greater than those of fossil fuel burners. In addition, plasma torches

ecessary for fossil fuel burners; therefore, waste effluent gases are greatly reduced. Because of this factor, reactor systems

han traditional furnaces, at correspondingly reduced capital costs.

ectrode systems and processes for the destruction of a variety of waste materials have been developed, successfully tested

atures and energy densities, in conjunction with the ionized and reactive medium, have fully demonstrated the potential of

waste materials in an environmentally safe and cost-effective manner. Materials vitrified in atmospherically controlled reactors

andard EPA leaching tests.

tors to thermally dissociate waste materials and convert these materials into re-usable products is distinctly different from

energy from plasma to thermally convert organic waste from a solid or liquid to a gas through a process called controlled

onstant high operating temperatures ensure the complete destruction of all complex organic compounds, and the process

ation of a complex pollutants and hazardous gases. The escape of volatile metals and acid gases is also minimized to levels

on standards.

cess are theATONN Plasma Gasifier Feed Systemand the Controlled Atmosphere Reactor. Both proprietary systems ensure

ess beginning with the precisely controlled introduction of feedstock into the reactor. The ATONN processes is essentially

R U C T I O N A N D P R O D U C T I O N O F E L E C T R I C I T Y :

m exploits the unique capabilities of plasma generating systems by integrating them with associated technologies to real ize the

waste stream. Plasma Generating Systems have, at their core, the capacity to dissociate compounds into elemental atoms.

endently, simple chemistry is applied to reassemble the atoms into usable, commercially viable products. S.A.A. brings a

ng thermal plasma that through their unique application provide the most efficient method of generating synthesis gas. The

Plasma Conversion System and other plasma designs is our ability to deliver municipal solid waste into the reaction chamber

us, controlled supply at controlled density and in a large volumes (2000, 3000 or 4000 tons per day). This ability results in a

r Btu energy value but also makes the process economically feasible because solid municipal waste disposal requires the

hours. The organic content of average municipal solid waste will dissociate or thermally depolymerise into 30,000 to 33,000

g an energy value of 300 Btu per standard cubic foot of gas. The heat rate for ATONN combined cycle power generating

ower, generating 1,360 kW per ton of municipal solid waste that is processed. The processing of 1000 tons of municipal solid

ease 1,353,000 cubic feet of synthesis gas per hour with a total Btu value of 405,900,000 Btu/hr. At a heat rate of 7,277 the

m will generate a gross of 55.76 Megawatts of electricity per hour, twenty-four hours a day. When we deduct 26 Megawatts of

a arc and for other plant requirements, we are left with 29.76 Megawatts per hour (714.24 Megawatts per day) available to

O F P O W E R G E N E R A T I O N U T I L I Z I N G SY N T H E S I S G A S :

the ATONN technical team will utilize General Electric gas turbines (however, some other heavy frame and aero derivatives

00 hours of operation on syngas, clearly enough to establish that the basics of syngas utilization in combustion turbines forbined cycle modes are doable. In fact, in Europe over eleven Gigawatthour of power are produced using syngas. Most of this


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. The main reason this has not been common in North America is that natural gas here has been in the past been readily

prices increase, gasification will become more attractive. Plasma gasification offers the best alternative as the least expensive

ms. GEs success with low and medium Btu fuel gases is a consequence of extensive full-scale laboratory testing on various

tion Development Laboratory in Schenectady, New York. S.A.A. has full access and rights for the implementation of this

O N N P L A S M A C O N V E R S I O N SY S T E M F O R M S W :

gy (Patent A ppl ied For):

eration technology consisting of a rugged, outer shroud for pressure containment, the electrodes, a vortex generator, and

r diameter of approximately 20 feet and is constructed of carbon steel with an internal insulation and refractory lining resistant

l. Each gasifier will include one or two plasma arc assemblies, each sized to provide the required power to achieve the

dissociation. Electrodes are fabricated from carbon graphite materials providing improved electrode life. ATONNs graphite

y proven over many years of commercial operation in the metallurgical industry and typically has an availability rate of greater

atent Applied For):

em, one for municipal solid wastes and conventional carbonaceous wastes and one possibly consisting of a pressure

The system ensures the highest efficiency in the feed rate and is designed and engineered to prevent the introduction of

er (a very important element of the plasma gasification process). The system consists of a compactor/extruder integrated with

tem that will introduce the waste feedstock into the gasifier.

cipal solid waste would be processed into our plasma conversion system.

discharged by truck or other means to the tipping floor. A pre-crusher compacts and densifies the waste into a specially

ed, the container is provided with a metallic door that will be closed, thus preventing problems with rodents and foul odours.

en moves the filled containers into the gasifier area. This will allow efficient control of the process and will ensure that there is

rgotten (a major cause of rodent and odour problems in MSW facilities).

a small crane will place the container into the gasifier-feeding platform (after removing the empty container previously fed into

ed in a second conveyor that will return it to the container area. The feeding platform is an articulated tilting table where the

is opened, the articulated table is inclined approximately 60 degrees direc tly over the compactor/extruder, which then feeds

r/extruder that is provided, in conjunction with the storage container, provides a unique advantage that maximizes the unique

Firstly, the system feeds the waste feedstock into the gasifier after having extruded a significant portion of the entrained air in

spect to ensure the production of the highest quality synthesis gas). Finally, the feed rate can be adjusted and controlled in

g their feed rate to equal the rate of dissociation and gasification within the gasifier chamber.

tion system brought by the ATONN technical team builds upon the extensive and very successful commercial experience of

llurgical industry. The ATONN system is particularly effective for the conversion of high volumes of carbonaceous wastes

and ASR. The system briefly summarized above is powered by an electric arc Plasma generated by two or more graphite

hrough a slag molten bath of the waste being processed, i.e. molten slag, [It should be noted that plasma fields can also be

torches, however, the use of graphite technology has been extensively used worldwide in a wide range of applications and

can be achieved with the plasma torch method of generating plasma fields.]

controlled pyrolysis of organic materials, the ATONN plasma gasification system can melt inorganic materials (glass, soil,

onents, common in many waste streams, are melted and typically recovered as a glassy slag. The glass layer serves as a

s in a non-leachable manner through vitrification. If large amounts of ferrous and nonferrous metals are present, the molten

rs, a glassy layer over a metal alloy layer. Waste streams that are predominantly metal can usually be processed to promote


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nique benefit, particularly when processing MSW, but also beneficial when processing tires or ASR.

e desired temperature (1100 to 1300C) before the waste materials are fed into the reactor. Waste is fed into the processing

materials rapidly dissociate into elemental constituents, mainly hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and depending on the halogenated

unts of acid gases. The elements will form simple gases that are stable at the operating temperatures, primarily diatomic

chloride. To prevent the remaining carbon from re-associating into a solid, a limited source of oxygen (usually in the form of

omputer controlled metering system at which time it will form carbon monoxide. The result is a pyrolysis gas (Syngas)

ganic elements. Small amounts of other gases will be present, including nitrogen. Within the strongly reducing environment of

not formed or quickly reduced to gaseous elemental nitrogen.

bustion of the material is not occurring inside the gasifier. Recognition as not an incinerator often becomes an issue when a

orium on incinerators cannot accept an application for a permit to construct and operate an incinerator. Furthermore, the

r offers a significant advantage in terms of public acceptance of the technology.

not incineration is based on two premises. One, the process in the chamber that destroys the waste does not fit the definition

Two, the by-products of pyrolysis (hydrogen, carbon and carbon monoxide) are different from the products of combustion

ons for chemical energy recovery that combustion and incineration do not.

S M A T E C H N O L O G I E S :

g:

ough a very close working relationship with the Institute of Problems in Electrophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE-

AC Plasma Torches as well as a variety of other plasma generation methods.

and Destruction system IPE RAS has an ultra-small scale plasma thermal treatment and disposal system to provide smallnal destruction of a wide range of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes (organic and in-organic) with a capacity of 10 to 40hly toxic materials where relatively small amounts are destroyed at any time.

rgia Tech Plasma Lab and the 10 KW and 30 KW plasma generators.


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em A technology developed by Dr. Louis Circeo, the patent holder. In-situ remediation of sites (including landfills)

active wastes. The technology has been successfully proven (and validated by the US Department of Energy) to completely

ed sites, vitrifying the soil and the contaminants into a totally inert glass matrix (the most stable waste form in fact a waste

tion of high-level nuclear wastes). This method offers unique cost and personnel safety advantages and can provide clients

hod to remediate contaminated sites. The in-situ process achieves a major reduction in volume of the materials processed

ures for future construction at the site.

variation of the standard arc furnaces used in the steel and specialty metals industry for years whereby the system is

eu of being a conventional Joule heater. The advantage is in the ability to handle large volumes in a safe and very cost

A. brings a number of proprietary feed system designs for plasma reactors where the feeder allows for the control introduction

ning control on the environment inside the reactor. One of these feeders allows for the homogeneous densification of waste

erating reactor parameters.

A S M A G A S I F I C A T I O N

materials has been widely used in commercial applications for many years in the productionn, particularly of waste materials (such as waste tires, Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) or Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW))

cluding:

y to produce a consistent, high quality synthesis gas product that can be used for energy production or to provide critical

acture of various products, including plastics and

to accommodate a wide variety of gaseous, liquid and solid feedstocks.

as coal or oil, as well as low-value materials and wastes, such as petroleum coke, heavy refinery residuals, secondary oil-

drocarbon byproducts have also been successfully used in gasification applications.

y benefits when compared with conventional options such as combustion or disposal by incineration. The US Environmental

cted rules that specifically exclude the synthesis gas produced from gasification of hazardous wastes from being regulated as

ng application of gasification of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes can greatly reduce the need to use fossil fuels for the

products for the manufacture of certain chemicals.

ersion process that maximizes the conversion of the carbonaceous fuel to a synthesis gas (syngas) containing primarily CO

ethane, N2 .and some polycyclic compounds in trace amounts. The chemical reactions take place in the presence of a

xygen) in an oxygen starved atmosphere, in contrast to combustion wherein the reactions take place in an oxygen rich,

e ratio of oxygen molecules to carbon molecules ideally is stoichiometrically balanced in the gasification reactor.

ma reactor, with different chemical results. The following chemical conversion formulas describe, in general, the process for


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air or oxygen) + energy CO + H2 (endothermic)

dothermic)

othermic)

that utilize the principles of thermal plasma to generate an ultra-high temperature field of ionized gas (i.e. plasma) within the

tems have at their core, the capacity to disassociate compounds into elemental atoms. Once the atoms are freed to move

to reassemble the atoms into usable, commercially viable products.

erent from combustion (incineration) in that it uses energy from the plasma to thermally convert organic waste from a solid (or

ysis or controlled gasification. The constant high operating temperature (above 1600C) ensures the destruction thermal

unds, and the process control minimizes controls minimize the possibility of reformation of complex pollutants. The escape ofminimized to levels that meet the most stringent air emission standards. As the In some thermal dissociation reaction is

content of the waste stream is high, the pyrolysis product gas, composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, can be

in the waste.

ntrolled pyrolysis of organic materials, plasma gasification systems can melt inorganic materials (e.g. soil, metals-bearingnt. These components, common in many waste streams, are melted and recovered as a glassy slag. The glass layer servesmetals in a non-leachable manner through vitrification. This silicate glass slag can be re-used in commercial applications,e of rock-wool insulation, roadbed construction and as a construction abrasive. Metals will separate into a heavy metal if thee streams that are predominantly metal can usually be processed to promote metal recovery. This is an important andg, for example waste batteries, heavy metal sludge or Printed Circuit Boards, containing meaningful quantities of valuable

gold and palladium that can add significant value to such a project.

E E N G A S I F I C A T I O N A N D I N C I N E R A T I O N :

em Incineration Gasification

on vs.tion

Designed to maximize theconversion of feedstock to CO2 and H2O

Large quantities of excess air are

required

Highly oxidizing environment

Operated at temperatures below theash melting point; thus mineral matter isconverted to fly ash (hazardous) and

Designed to maximize theconversion of feedstock intoCO and H2

Limited quantities ofoxygen

Reducing environment

Operated at temperaturesabove ash melting point;mineral matter is converted toglassy slag


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bottom ash (may be hazardous)

anup Flue gas cleanup at atmosphericpressure

Treated gas is discharged toatmosphere

Syngas clean-up at hightemperatures

Treated gas used forenergy production on pre-cursors for chemicalmanufacturing

d Ashng

Bottom and fly ash collected,treated (usually through stabilizationoperations that increase the disposalvolume) and disposed as hazardous waste(mostly fly ash)

Slag is non-leachable,non-hazardous and suitable fora multitude of constructionapplications

X A N D P A R T I C U L A T E M A T T E R :

on levels of SOx and NOx, and particulate from gasification systems are orders of magnitude lower than for incineration

ronment, sulphur and nitrogen compounds in the feed are converted into SOx and NOx. In contrast, syn gas cleanup systems

signed to recover 95% to 99% of the sulphur in the feedstock as a high purity sulphur by-product. Likewise, Nitrogen in the

in the syngas. Any halogens in the feed will turn to acids which are easily scrubbed in conventional systems.

nergy production plant (i.e. such as a boiler or gas turbine), the production of SOx and NOx is dramatically reduced. If the

ownstream chemical manufacturing processes, these compounds are not formed. Recent US Department of Energy (DOE)

wer plants with Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technologies has shown that emissions of SOx , NOx and

rs of magnitude.

T H E R O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S :

of most concern from waste incineration systems have been Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent (POHC) in the waste

tion (PIC). POHC refers to the organic compounds present in waste feeds that must be destroyed at greater than 99.99%

ase of dioxins and furans, greater than 99.9999% DRE, based on US EPA regulations for hazardous wastes. PICs are


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compounds (SVOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), VOCs and dioxin/furan compounds (PCDDs/PCDFs).

I O N W I L L N O T P R O D U C E D I O X I N S A N D F U R A N S :

ocess) when processing materials that contain chlorine atoms, dioxins will typically form. Dioxin formation typically occurs iftion process do not exceed 250oC THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. However, when the chamber as will typically occur in a plasma gasifier, the chlorinated materials will dissociate itself of the Chlorine atoms and

h Hydrogen to form HCl (which is then removed in the gas treatment system and removed in the scrubber with NaOH to formhe gasifier, the Chlorine will combine with the Calcium and be trapped in the silicate slag.

wing five conditions MUST be present:

t), nickel or iron

C to 450 C

ins throughout ANY portion of the gasification system, the synthetic gas produced will be cleaned or filtered at temperatures

particulate matter (#3) (and therefore the binding surfaces). At the same time, the filters will remove metals that can act as

TS the formation of dioxins or furans throughout ANY portion of the gasification process by:

e in the syn gas stream by the addition of lime into the reactor such that the Chlorine will combine with the Calcium and thus

emoved by the removal of HCl in the scrubber through the addition of NaOH to form a benign salt.

stream through filtration

nventional gasifiers confirm that, in general, VOCs such as benzene, toluene and xylene, when detected, were present in thePAHs, were also detected in the syngas and/or turbine exaust. SVOCs were typically present at extremely low levels on the


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eedstocks have also been conducted to measure the DRE for organic compounds such as chlorobenzene and

9.99% were demonstrated for both compounds.

PCDFs) are not expected to be present in the syngas from gasification systems for two major reasons: (1) the ultra-high

effectively destroy PCDD/PCDF compounds or precursors in the feed and (2) the lack of oxygen in the reduced gas

the free Chlorine from HCl, thus limiting the chlorination of any precursors in the syngas.

nds in gasification systems confirm these principles.

Technology standards for hazardous waste incinerators in the US

compounds were one or two orders of magnitude below the most stringent standard recently enacted for hazardous waste

I D E S

erator systems indicate that metals emissions include antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead mercury nickelHCl, HF and HBr) may also be present depending on the halogen content of the feedstock.

coal-fired gasification systems have been evaluated. Based on a compilation of this data, certain trace metals have the

gas or turbine exhaust. These metals include: Chloride, Fluoride, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead chromium, nickel and

hese elements present in the syngas or combustion turbine exhaust represented less than 10% of the amount of input to the

s Chloride and Fluoride are typically removed in the gas scrubbing and cooling operations and ultimately are removed by the

eater than 99% removal of HCl was measured during several EPA test programs. Semi-volatile metals, such as lead and

e-condense on the fine particulate matter, which is removed from the syngas. In a plasma gasifier, the addition of lime to the

ent of some of the volatile metals and as much as 90% of the halogens (i.e. Chlorides and Fluorides), entrapping them as

glassy slag. Analysis of the glassy slag material from various gasification and plasma waste treatment projects (including

nsistently show that the slag to be non-hazardous according to RCRA definitions.

S T R Y ( M S W I N C I N E R A T O R F L Y A S H V I T R I F I E D I N A P L A S M A R E A C T O R ) :

ELEMENTS COMPOSITION (% BY WT)

Silica 37.2

Alumina 19.5


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CaO 19.5

Fe2O3 6.21

MgO 2.31

Na2O 3.87

K2O 1.31

ZnO 0.24

PbO 0.11

CuO 0.26

MnO 1.70

Cr2O3 0.26

NiO 0.32

CdO


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REFORMING MEDIUM USED MAY BEHIGHER)

NOx NOT PRESENT

SO2 NOT PRESENT

SO3 NOT PRESENT

CH4 60 ppmv1930 ppmv

H2S 07590* ppmv (DEPENDING ONSULFUR CONTENT OF FEEDSTOCK)

* gasification of coal or coal containingfeedstock

COS 0176 ppmv (DEPENDING ONSULFUR CONTENT OF FEEDSTOCK)

* gasification of coal or coal containingfeedstock

NH3 00.62 ppmv (after scrubbing and gascooling)

THC 027 ppmv

s = 300350 BTU/SCF (11.2 MJ/Nm313 MJ/Nm3)

T R I C P O W E R P R O D U C T I O N

ycle electric power generating plants has achieved significant success, particularly in terms of significant cost reductionsby the processing of waste materials, thus avoiding the cost of purchasing fuel), increased operating efficiency (manyachieved ratings of 15% to 30% over natural gas operation) and improved emissions (e.g. lower NOx emissions than withence with the utilization of syngas in combined cycle installation total over 350,000 hours,

cs of syngas utilization in combustion turbines for electric power generation in simple or combined cycle modes.

ieved when operating on low heating value gas (i.e. Syngas). Fourteen percent difference in flow at same firing temperature

Power). However, such high levels of output can be limited by mechanical constraints.

Output Increases

Frame SizeMW MW

GT CC Syn Gas

6FA 90 107.1 126

7FA 200 262.5 2809EC 215 259.3 300


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9FA 300 390.8 420

7H 400 460

9H 480 550

e syngas at a cost that is significantly lower than natural gas or even coal (delivered). As such, there are significant economic

gas generated by the gasification of carbonaceous waste materials, or coal for the production of electric power or feedstock

the following comparisons:

Incinerator Plasma Gasification System

ure 1650C - 1930C

erature 980-1370C

Arc Temperature 10,000C-15,000C

Chamber Temperature 1200C-1600C

ults in:

and fly ash;

s, Furans;

en Oxides

Results in:

Benign silicate glass aggregate;

Recoverable metals;

Reusable Synthesis gas

t air required;

ity to generate Syngas

No air Required

ounts of fossil fuel No fuels or chemicals; can generate its own electricity effectively

infrastructure and gas scrubbing Very compact; has mobile options for smaller systems

que combination of the most experienced technical personnel in the field of thermal plasma applications for waste treatment

ng level of experience in the research, development and commercialization of a variety of plasma generation technologies,

ng a wide range of plasma generation technologies, including torches, graphite electrodes, microwave plasma generation

generation systems.

abilities of two of the most renowned plasma research and development facilities in the world:

titute under the direction of Dr. Louis Circeo, (S.A.A. has in place a Master Agreement for Research Testing and Evaluation

ics, Russian Academy of Science, under the direction of Dr. Phillip Rutberg. S.A.A. brings the patent rights to several plasma

nstitute.

as technical advisors to the ATONN team and will provide third party validation and verification of the design and operation of


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1.0 BDL*

5.0 BDL*

uc ts From The Plasma Gasif icat ion Process:

he ATONN process follows for the recycling of this commodity in either aggregate form (ofnstruction / concrete industry) or to be spun into a form of rock wool insulation.

TONN plasma gasification system can be engineered and designed with the ability tofor commercial and industrial use. Our calculations have shown that up to 1,000 lbs ofaptured from one ton of municipal solid waste. The advantage of this depends solely on the

varies from place to place. The cost for this extra equipment is not usually included.

esses:

process can be used for many different processes. The only thing in common in thesewill not change much, except in the feeders and probably the gas treatmentboth of whichrformance. Likewise the by products of the process can have multiple uses.

other purposes besides power generation. It is an excellent raw material for the generation ofant design already done by Hydro-Chem a division of the Pro-Quip Corp. which is itself aone of the worlds largest gas and chemical design and construction companies. Hydro-experience in the generation of Hydrogen. Their modular plants would interface very

hydrocarbon fuels, such as diesel. The technology is not new. Germany used coalerating liquid diesel fuel during WW II. It also has application in the refinery industryerated from the gasification of the waste petroleum coke and then used to lower the sulphurcal based on the new low sulphur fuel requirements.

ect is being supplied as fiber for the rockwool marketcan also be used as a fibrebanned asbestos. As such, it can be use to manufacture water pipes (the old AC pipes),

g tiles, flooring tiles, etc. The applications are numerous based on the wide spread use ofnlike asbestos, the slag fibres are non-hazardous or dangerous.


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arlier, the metals will pool so that they can be collected in their metallic form by casting intocontamination of the metals will be only the contamination that has been included in thepossible to recover the metals in very pure forms. The steel collected from tires will becase, if Nickel Cadmium batteries are processed alone, it is possible to collect the Nickel inCadmium by precipitating it in the quench.

stocks:

e dissociated in a plasma arc system due to its temperature and closed environment. Plasmafor the destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbons that can not be easily processed with otherPCB (Polychlorinated biphenyls) are another group of chemicals that are also easily

a significant source of syngas. The main issue of any hazardous waste destruction that is one of obtaining permits, since the molecular dissociation will occur regardless of the

plasma system does not care what it dissociates. If the energy imparted by the plasma isf the molecular bond, the molecule will dissociate. As such, it is possible to gasify coal and

adily. The Sulphur in the coal can be collected as an acid gas or it can be made to react withulphate slag. Regardless, it is possible to successfully gasify coal with minimum concern to

sma has several applications in the petrochemical industry both in the refinery and the plastic

eum waste product that is a heavy hydrocarbon. Depending on the process, this iske. This material is rich in both Carbon and Hydrogen. The new low-sulphur fuelemand for Hydrogen at the refinery, which is currently being generated from the breakdownhydrogen is becoming more and more expensive as the cost of natural gas continues tosal of the pet coke can be expensive as some of this product can be considered hazardous orcause of the high sulphur content and the presence of heavy metals. None of these problems

es and recovers both the energy from this waste product and generates large amounts of

e area of plastic manufacturing. Many plastic plants rely on syngas as the raw material inhis syngas currently has to be generated from other sources, most often the aforementionede been approached by Polyethylene plants that have specifically requested Carbon


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applications for the destruction of hazardous waste and for the recovery of metals.

Engineering

aste Conversion Plant

ation for a (3,840) 4000 Ton per day Plasma Waste Conversion Plant:

Cost:

hitectural design andwater management, sedimentoadways, security measures,e foundations and slabs, pavinglant facility includingexhaust fan system, dust and

n and disinfection, ancillarydministration,including restrooms, lockerrnal communication systems,ping.

18,366,000

ng

em with scale house andg network into main plantstems in floor hopper style,usher systems with in floorand storage container system,uipment, overhead crane

ystem with hydraulic lift tables.

13,680,000

idge breakers hydraulic tiltingensors, water cooling tanksaggregate, electrical equipmentormers, HDR power systems,arc reactors, gas exhaustsurge tanks, slag tappingg, metal tapping assembliesctrodes, open top slag

ving slag and metal, gasrs, all required piping, wiring,

158,200,000

ulphides, secondary gasfore exit, all required piping, 35,400,000

ating Department

eat exchangers, gasators, primary boiler with dual 138,000,000


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tems equipment, exit stack, alld networking

rmitting, technical training,and contingency

37,633,380

Management

25,470,620

Included

426,970,000

y Conversion Plant $426,970,000.00

47,441,111.00

W per reactor 20 Tons / Hour

actor (1 spare included) 100%

actor (including downtime) 20 Tons / Hour

tor 480 ton / day

actor 175,200 Ton / Year

spare)` 8

or plant 160 Ton / Hour

r plant 3,840 Ton / year

or plant 1,401,600 Ton / Day

3,840 Ton / Day

4,500 Bt5u/lb

residue (slag) 20% to slag by Wt.

le 1,074,676

MSW 0.15

$51.50

$30.00

1,401,600 tons


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1,074,676

$175.00 per ton

$95.00 per ton

re produced 280,320 tons

210,240 tons

$55,345,814.00

$42,048,000.00

$49,056,000.00

$19,972,800.00

$166,422,610.00

$4,045,240.00

$1,415,834.00

$5,461,074.00

$4,708,000.00

$6,000,000.00

r maintenance $8,475,000.00

fuel, equipment, etc. $4,902,000.00

$29,546,074.00

$4,384,000.00

SE $33,930,074.00

$166,422,610.00

$132,492,540.00

00


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00

Waste: $600.00+

ess: $125.00+

will change as the facility receives hazardous / bio hazardous wastes and also

cts since the tipping fees are fluctuating between $55 and $1,250 per metric ton. g fee must be negotiating base on the nature of waste.

een used as a guideline only and the final pricing for Tipping fees and Price of

uded at the time of signing the final contract and actual pricing will be higher

ofit margin shall be higher as well.city for sale from this system and with Steam Turbine configuration cant exceed 150

r, with adaptation of the new Turbine Propane Drive systems, the actual power

eased to 500 MWH. There will be an additional cost to manufacture such a Turbine

estment will be around $350,000,000.00.

plasma arc science and technology

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