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PLANTSPLANTS
What will we learn?What will we learn?
1. How do the root and shoot systems interact to perform the functions of transport in plants?2. How do the root and shoot systems interact to perform the functions of reproduction in plants?3. How do the root and shoot systems interact to perform the functions of response in plants?
Organ SystemsOrgan SystemsShoot system – above ground organs (leaves, stems, flowers)
Root system – below ground organs (roots)
3 Tissue Systems3 Tissue SystemsDermal – barrierGround – metabolic functionsVascular – transport
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Dermal, Ground, VascularDermal, Ground, VascularEach plant organ contains all THREE types of tissue.
Dermal TissueDermal TissueDefinition: the outer covering of the plant that serves as a protective barrier.
Ground TissueGround TissueDefinition: the tissue that is responsible for carrying out most of the plant’s metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis.
Vascular TissueVascular TissueDefinition: the tissue that transports needed substances throughout the plant, such as food and water.
POP QUIZPOP QUIZWhich of the following refers to the Shoot System?
AA
BB
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Plant System InteractionsPlant System Interactions
Definition: the occurrence when the root and shoot systems act upon or influence each other in order to survive and perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response.
POP QUIZPOP QUIZIdentify the Dermal, Vascular, and Ground Tissues.
BB
AA
CC
TransportTransport
Plants use specialized cells to transport water, minerals, nutrients and hormones through the roots, stems, and leaves.
What to know What to know about about transporttransport??
1. Describe the role of roots, stems, and leaves
2. Describe the function of xylem3. Describe the function of phloem4. Describe the function of stomata &
guard cells5. Describe the function of root hairs &
transpiration
V: Parts of a PlantV: Parts of a Plant
RootsRootsDefinition: function for absorption of water and minerals, anchorage, food storage (some more than others), reproduction (some).
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StemsStemsDefinition: function to translocate water and minerals to the leaves; transport food (sap) downward from the leaves to the roots.
LeavesLeavesDefinition: function as the major photosynthetic (food making & gas exchange) organ of a plant.
XylemXylemDefinition: layers of dead cells that make up bundles of tissue that transport water and minerals from the roots, through the stems, and to the leaves of a plant (XYLEM UP).
PhloemPhloemDefinition: a tissue composed of living cells that make up bundles of tubes that transport food to all parts of the plant (PHLOEM DOWN).
Stomata (Stoma)Stomata (Stoma)Definition: pores found in the leaf and stem used for gas exchange. Guard cells surround the stomata to regulate opening and closing.
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Guard CellsGuard CellsDefinition: one of the paired epidermal cells that control the opening and closing of a stoma in plant tissue.
Root HairsRoot HairsDefinition: a hair like outgrowth of a plant root that absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
TranspirationTranspirationDefinition: the loss of water from a leaf through the stomata; this evaporation of water helps water travel up the plant as if being sucked up a straw.
V: Water TransportV: Water TransportV: The Parts of a PlantV: The Parts of a Plant
POP QUIZPOP QUIZIdentify the Stoma/Stomata and Guard Cells.
DD
AABB
CC
POP QUIZPOP QUIZLayers of dead cells that make up bundles of tissue that transport water and minerals from the roots, through the stems, and to the leaves of a plant is called?
A) PhloemB) XylemC) Roots D) Stomata
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ReproductionReproduction
Reproduction in plants is responsible for the continuation of plant species by sexual or asexual means.
What to know about What to know about reproductionreproduction??
1.Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction in plants
2.Describe pollination & fertilization3.Describe germination
Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction(Vegetative Propagation)(Vegetative Propagation)
Plants can reproduce by asexual (vegetative) means. Asexual plants are able to reproduce through structures such as rhizomes, plantlets, or runners. The new plants are plantlets, or runners. The new plants aregenetically identical to the parent plant unlike sexual reproduction.
Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction
Rhizome – a stem that grows horizontally below the soil and sends out roots and shoots of new plants (nodes & buds).
Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction
Runner – a stem that grows horizontally above the soil and sends out roots and shoots of new plants (nodes & buds).
Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction
Plantlet – a small plant growing from a leaf or stem of the mother plant.
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Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction
Plants can reproduce sexually using structures found in the plant flower. The male reproductive structure produces sperm cells (pollen). The female reproductive t t i l d th l th t dstructures include the ovule that produces the egg cells (ova).
Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction
Pollination ‐ the transfer of pollen from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or of another flower.
Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction
Fertilization ‐ the fusion of nuclei from the pollen grain with nuclei in the ovule. Fertilization allows the flower to develop seeds.
Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction
Germination ‐ the process in which a flowering or coniferous plant emerges from a seed and begins growth.
V: Flower ReproductionV: Flower ReproductionV: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering PlantsV: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
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POP QUIZPOP QUIZA stem that grows horizontally below the soil and sends out roots and shoots of new plants (nodes & buds) is called?
A) PlantletB) RunnerC) Rhizome D) Apical Meristem
Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower
Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower
POP QUIZPOP QUIZIdentify the Stamen, Stigma, Ovule and Sepal.
AA BB
CCDD
ResponsesResponsesResponses of plants to external stimuli allow plants to receive information from their surroundings and translate it into some type of action.
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What to know about What to know about responsesresponses??
Describe the following: 1 H1. Hormones
2. Phototropism3. Gravitropism4. Hydrotropism5. Thigmotropism
POP QUIZPOP QUIZThe process in which a flowering or coniferous plant emerges from a seed and begins growth is called?
A) HybridizationB) FertilizationC) Pollination D) Germination
StimulusStimulusDefinition: a signal from the environment.
HormonesHormonesDefinition: chemicals that regulate plant growth.
TropismTropismDefinition: the process through which plants receive information from their environment and translate it into a response.
TropismsTropisms1. Phototropism – response to light2. Gravitropism – response to gravity3. Hydrotropism – response to water4. Thigmotropism – response to touch
(vines)(vines)
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V: Tropism ExperimentV: Tropism ExperimentV: Tropisms and HormonesV: Tropisms and Hormones
TropismsTropismsPhototropism – response to light
TropismsTropismsGravitropism – response to gravity
TropismsTropismsHydrotropism – response to water
TropismsTropismsThigmotropism – response to touch (vines)
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V: Venus Flytraps Jaws of DeathV: Venus Flytraps Jaws of DeathV: Mimosa V: Mimosa PudicaPudica HandHandV: Mimosa V: Mimosa PudicaPudica FingerFinger
Positive TropismPositive TropismDefinition: to move toward a stimulus.
Negative TropismNegative TropismDefinition: to move away from a stimulus.
V: Tropism InfoV: Tropism Info
AuxinsAuxinsDefinition: plant hormones responsible for a plant’s response to light and gravity.
V: Plant Transport Xylem and Phloem, TranspirationV: Plant Transport Xylem and Phloem, Transpiration
V: The Pollination SongV: The Pollination SongV: Mimosa V: Mimosa PudicaPudica ‐‐ The Sensitive PlantThe Sensitive Plant
V: What is PhotosynthesisV: What is Photosynthesis