plants characteristics there are two main types of plants, non- vascular and vascular there are two...
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Plants Characteristics
There are two main types of plants, non-vascular and vascular
Eukaryote Cell Type Domain Eukarya and Plantae Kingdom Multi-cellular and have Cell Wall Autotrophs-Make their own food Photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O+sunlight -
>C6H12O6 +6O2
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Non vascular plants
Do not have vascular tissue to carry the nutrients and water throughout the plant
They must live in water or moist surroundings They are usually small and grow close to the ground No Roots Ex. Mosses, hornworts and liverworts are examples
of nonvascular plants
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Nonvascular Plants Includes mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts
(Hepatophyta), and hornworts (Antherophyta)
Liverworts Hornworts
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Vascular plants
Vascular tissue is small tubes inside the plant that transport food and water through the plant
two types of vascular tissue: phloem and xylem
Xylem moves water Phloem moves nutrients (aka Food) produced
by photosynthesis down from the leaves to the rest of the plant
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Seed-Producing Vascular Plants Includes two groups –
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones
Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds
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Gymnosperms
Ginkgo
Cycad
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The oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine
The tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood
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Examples of vascular plants:sequoia tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
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Gymnosperms (Naked Seed) Plants that do not have flowers are called
Gymnosperms Conifers, ginkgos and cycads are examples of
Gymnosperms
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Plants that have flowers are called Angiosperms
Angiosperm
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Angiosperms Flowering plants Seeds are formed when an egg or
ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary
Ovary is within a flower Flower contains the male
(stamen) and/or female (ovaries) parts of the plant
Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries (help disperse seeds)
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Flowers have male and female parts The male part is called the stamen The stamen is made of the anther and the
filament The anther produces pollen
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Fertilization and Importance
Pollen is sometimes spread by birds, bats, insects or wind
All living things on Earth are dependent on plants for their existence.
We depend on them for food and for oxygen
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Angiosperms Subdivided into two groups –
Monocots and Dicots Monocots have a single seed
cotyledon Dicots have two seed cotyledons
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Parts of the Seed
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Monocots and Dicots
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Tropism = a plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus.* Positive tropism is when it grows toward a stimulus.* Negative is when it grows away from it.* Stimuli can be light, touch, and even gravity.
- Touch (thigmotropism) [vines coil around anything they
touch.]- Light (phototropism) [leaves, stems, etc, grow toward
light.]- Gravity (geotropism)(Positive) roots grow toward gravity’s
pull(Negative) stems grow away from its
pull
Plant Adaptations
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Thigmotropism Geotropism
Phototropism
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http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=pCFstSMvAMIvideo
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LAB ACTIVITY: Celery Lab
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Review Plant Parts Online Activity
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Bee
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Hummingbird
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All living things on Earth are dependent on plants for their existence.
We depend on them for food and for oxygen
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Plants
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All plants are multicellular All plants are eukaryotes All plants have a cell wall
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All plants are autotrophs They produce energy through the process
called photosynthesis The formula for photosynthesis is:
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Plant Characteristics Multicellular eukaryotes Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Surrounded by cell walls containing
cellulose (polysaccharide) Store reserve food as amylose
(starch)
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Parts of The Plant Roots
Leaves Stem Flower Seed
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Plants have three main organs
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Leaves
The leaves function is to capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis
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Stems
The stems function is to support the plant and provide a place through which water and nutrients move
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Roots
The roots anchor the plant to the soil and absorb water and nutrients from the soil
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Root Functions
Absorption of water and nutrients performed by root hairs
Transportation of water and nutrients to stem
Anchor plant to maintain stability Store food and water
Roots have 4 primary functions
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Important Functions of Leaves
Photosynthesis Process that plants use to produce their
food 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Transpiration Loss of water and exchange of carbon
dioxide
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Functions of the Stem Transport water
and nutrients from roots to leaves
Supports leaves, fruit, and flowers
Food storage
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Plant
Divisions
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Nonvascular Plants Do not have
vascular tissue for support or conduction of materials
Require a constantly moist environment
Moss Gametophytes & Sporophytes
Sporophyte stage
Gametophyte Stage
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Nonvascular Plants Plants can’t grow as tall Cells must be in direct contact
with moisture Materials move by diffusion cell-
to-cell Sperm must swim to egg through
water droplets
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Plant Divisions
Plants are divided into two groups
Based on the presence or absence of an internal transport system for water and dissolved materials
Called Vascular System
Vascular Bundles
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Vascular System Xylem tissue carries water
and minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used
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Examples of vascular plantsCoconut palm (Cocos nucifera)
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ConifersGiant sequoia
Gingko
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The female part is called the pistil It is made of the stigma, style and the ovary Inside the ovary are ovules
which when fertilized, will mature
into seeds
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Plant Uses
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Why We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce oxygen for the atmosphere
Produce lumber for building Provide homes and food for
many organisms Prevent erosion Used for food
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More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce wood pulp for paper products
Source of many medicines Ornamental and shade for
yards Fibers such as cotton for
fabric Dyes copyright cmassengale
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Plant Adaptations to Land
Problems: Need minerals Gravity Increase in Height
for Light Adaptations for
Drier environment Reproduction
Solutions: Roots absorb H2O &
minerals Lignin & cellulose in cell
walls Vascular Transport
System Waxy cuticle & stomata
with guard cells Pollen containing sperm
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EXIT TICKET
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