plant reproduction ch4 book b
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Introduction to Plant Reproduction
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Define Propagation
Propagation The reproduction of plants either sexually or
asexually.
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Define sexual reproduction and the terms associated with it.
Sexual Reproduction: The union of the female and male sex cells to
produce a seed (embryo). Ovule: female sex cell. Pollen: male sex cell. Embryo (seed-germ): an immature plant.
*Sexual reproduction involves the creation of a genetically new individual.
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List and explain the different types of seeds. Monocots:
Seeds with one seed leaf. Leaves have parallel
veins. 1 solid seed. Stem vacular bundles
scattered. Roots are adventitious Flowers in multiples of
three. Pollen with single
furrow or pore
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Dicots Seeds with 2 seed leaves
or 2 cotyledons Veins are “webbed.” Pollen with three furrows
or pores. Flowers parts in
multiples of four or five. Stem vascular bundles in
a ring.
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Monocots
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Dicot Leaf
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Dicot
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List and explain the different types of flowers. Complete Incomplete
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Complete Flowers Sepals The outer part of the flower.
In open flowers, the sepals are found at the base of the plant.
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PetalsThe brightly colored, soft tissue that attracts insects.
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Stamens The male part of the flower that has an
anther at the end of it to produce pollen.
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Pistil Stigma
The opening of the pistil. Style
The tube-like structure that connects the stigma and ovary.
Ovary The site of fertilization and growth of the
seed.
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Stigma, Style & Ovary
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Ovary
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Complete Flower
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Complete Flower
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Incomplete Flower An incomplete flower
is one that lacks one or more of the four principal components identified in a complete flower.
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Explain the difference between a perfect and imperfect flower A perfect flower is
one with both the stamen and pistil
An imperfect flower is one that lacks one of the sex organs.
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Define pollination, fertilization and germination. Pollination
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the same species.
Fertilization The union of the pollen
and ovule cells.
Germination The sprouting of a seed.
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Define asexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction:
The reproduction of a plant without the uniting of a pollen and ovule.
Asexual reproduction is often referred to as vegetative propagation since no seed is involved in the formation of the new plant.
It is known as a clone. Leaves, stems or roots may be used to grow a new
plant. *Produces a genetically identical plant.
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List the benefits of vegetative propagation.
True traits of the parents Maintains genetic purity with 100% replication of parent plant.
No seed Some plants do not produce a seed or the seeds are too
small to work with. Accelerates the time it takes to get a new plant to the
market Traditionally, it would take up to 40 years to get a new
plant to the general public; however, micropropagation can yield marketable levels of plants within 8 to 12 years.
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List and explain the different types of vegetative propagation.
Layering Involves getting roots to grow from the stem. I.e., magnolia tree
Cutting Using a short section of plant stems for propagation.
Budding Taking a bud from one plant and moving it to another.
Grafting Placing a section of a stem of one plant onto another plant.
Tissue culture Taking a group of cells or a single cell and growing it to a plant.
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Layering
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Cutting
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Tissue Culture