plant processes 16.00: analyze the process of growth in horticultural plants
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Plant Processes
16.00: Analyze the process of growth in horticultural plants
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Processes of plant growth
• Photosynthesis• Respiration• Absorption• Transpiration• Translocation• Reproduction
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Photosynthesis
• The food and manufacturing process in green plants that combines carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen.– Formula:6CO2+6H2O+672Kcal
C6H12O6+6O2
Carbon Dioxide
Water Light Energy
Glucose Sugar
Oxygen
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Respiration
• The process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide.
• Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis than they use through respiration.
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Absorption
• The process by which plant roots take in water and air
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Transpiration
• The process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation
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Translocation
• The process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another
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Reproduction
• The plant process that increases plant numbers– usually by seeds
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Stages of Plant Growth
• Juvenile-when a plant first starts to grow from a seed
• Reproductive-when a plant produces flowers, seeds and fruits
• Dormant-when a plant rests or grows very little, if any
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Plant Cells
• Basic unit of growth• A nucleus and a mass of
protoplasm contained within a plasma membrane
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Parts of a Plant Cell
• Nucleus– location of plant’s genetic and
hereditary make-up
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• Protoplasm– the living matter of the cell
• Plasma Membrane– surrounds protoplasm and allows for
exchange of nutrients and gases into and out of cell
Parts of a Plant Cell
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• Cell Wall– rigid and provides support for the cell
and thus the whole plant
Parts of a Plant Cell
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• Other Structures– Chloroplasts– Vacuole– Plastids– Mitochondrion
Parts of a Plant Cell
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Plant Cells
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Plant tissue
• A group of cells with similar origin and function
• Classified according to their origin, structure and physiology
• Structure of permanent tissue– simple-usually one type of cell– complex-several types of cells
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Tissue origin and function
• Meristematic-near tip of stems and roots where cell division and enlargement occur
• Vascular cambium-increase growth in diameter of stems
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Simple Tissues
• Epidermal-one-cell thick, outer layer, protects and prevents water loss
• Sclerenchyma-have thickened cell walls and contain fibers to give strength and support to plant structures
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Other tissues
• Collenchyma-have thick cell walls that strengthen and support plant structures
• Parenchyma-fleshy part of plant that stores water and nutrients
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Phases of the asexual cycle• Vegetative-growth and development
of buds, roots, leaves and stems– cell elongation-stage when cells enlarge– differentiation-stage when cells
specialize
• Reproductive or flowering-plant develops flower buds that will develop into flowers, fruits and seeds
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Effects of Light, Moisture, Temperature and Nutrients
on Plants
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Light
• Photoperiodism-response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles
• Necessary because of photosynthesis• Not enough light causes long, slender,
spindly stems• Too much light will cause plants to dry
out faster
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Moisture
• Needed in large amounts because plant tissues are mostly water and water carries nutrients
• Not enough water causes wilting and stunted growth
• Too much water causes small root systems and drowning which is a result of air spaces in soil being filled with water
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Temperature
• Needs vary depending on type of plants
• Either too high or too low will have adverse effects
VS
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Nutrients
• Essential for optimal plant conditions
• Has little effect on seed germination
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Combining growth factors
• Ideal quantities and quality will give optimum plant growth
• Each has an effect on the other factors
• Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth causes diseases to be more severe in their damages to plants