plant physiology z “physis” ynature of y(ultimate reasons …) z physical & chemical basis...
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Plant Physiology
“physis” nature of (ultimate reasons …)
physical & chemical basis for functions
-------------------------- structure – form
anatomy and morphology
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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Bio 340 2011
Lecture 75% Exam I -> 1/5 Exam II -> 1/5 Final -> 2/5 Lect. Qu.’s ->
1/5
--> %
Every part is converted to a % score
Lab 25% Battery of 12 Labs ->
48 ptsStudent Journal
Independent Research Project -> 22 pts
Journal Form: Intro, M & M, Results, Sum & Conclusions, Lit. Cited
Lab Quizzes -> 40 pts
TOTAL PTS -> 110 -> _%
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Lab Journal
For Each Investigation: Purpose:
a statement of the main objective of the activity; what you are testing, measuring or observing
Procedures (Protocol):provided by the instructor through oral
communications and handouts; summarized in journal
Data (Results):Your whole class data along with your own
individual or group data whenever possible Summary and Conclusions:
4 pts/lab X 12 = 48 pts (You Control the Organization!)
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Plant Physiology
Plant Functions: (?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Plant Physiology
Form & Function
Plant Functions: 1. capture energy &
assimilate carbon 2. distribute nutrients &
water 3. grow & develop 4. reproduce 5. respond to the
environment
- How Plants Work
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Plant Physiology
Form & Function
Plant Functions – How they work
I. Phytohormones
II. Water Relations
III. Biochemistry
Main Units of Bio 340
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Transpiration?Guard Cells, Stomatesglucose flux, ion flux
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Reductionism?
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Emergence?
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Vascular vs. Non-vascular Plants
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
cell wall plasma membrane protoplast organelles nucleus/
nucleoplasm cytoplasm Cytosol (gel)
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Plasma Membrane - Plasmalemma
up to 50% Phospholipid
up to 50% Protein Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems
bilayer in water impermeable to most
charged particles made in ER,
Chloroplasts & mitochndria
fig 1.16
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PlasmalemmaUnit Membrane & Fluid Mozaic Models
___________ Protein ____________ Phospholipid __ Phospholipid ____________ Protein ____________
fig 1.17
Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems Glycolipids
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Vacuole - fluid-filled sac within
most plant cells; surrounded by plasmalemma called tonoplast (aqueous)
May be 80 - 90% of cell volume
function: uptake of water and cell enlargement
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane -
pores
Nucleolus -
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane -
pores
Nucleolus - -> Ribosome
production (Protein
production)
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Endoplasmic Reticulum
system of membrane- canals within the cell rough - (ribosomes) smooth -
Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna
fig.1.4
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna
fig.1.4
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cytoskeleton 3-D network
Microtubules tubulin Microfilaments actin
Dynamic -> Cytoplasmic
Streaming tubulin Actin
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cytoskeleton 3-D network
fig.1.22
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Mitochondrion - double membrane
cover
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Mitochondrion - double membrane
cover Cell respiration ->
ATPs glycolysis Krebs Cycle
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Chloroplast - photosynthesis
“Endosymbiosis”
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Plastids - Protoplast ->
Chloroplast - photosynthesis
Amyloplast - starch storage
Chromoplast - pigment storage
fig. 1.21
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Microbodies
Oleosomes -
Peroxisomes -
Glyoxysomes -
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Microbodies Oleosomes - lipid storage; mainly in seeds 1/2 membrane cover; from smooth ER
Peroxisomes - contain catalase; rid hydrogen peroxide
single layer membrane cover
Glyoxysomes - fatty-acid metabolism single layer membrane cover
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cell Wall - Primary - Cellulose Microfibrils
50%
- Pectin 35% - Glycans (10%) forms X-linkages between Microfibrils, dynamic
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cell Wall - Secondary 45 % Cellulose Less Pectin Less Glycans Little Pectins 35% Lignin woody high strength (concrete reinforced
with steel rods) (2) Zones
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Cell Plate - fusion of Golgi Bodies -> Middle Lamella
Cellulose Synthase - emzyme for cellulose poduction
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Plasmodesmata - continuation of plasmalemma between cells Desmotubules - continuation of ER
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Plant Cellsmallest functional unit
Primary Pit Field - No secondary CW Pits, Pit Pairs
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Pathways
Symplast connections of cytosol through
plasmodesmata
Apoplast non-cytoplasmic spaces
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Cells --> Tissues
Parenchyma - photosynthesis; storage (Chlorenchyma); undifferentiated cellsCollenchyma - supportSclerenchyma - supportXylem - (tracheids & vessels) conducting water & mineralsPhloem - (seive tube elements & companion cells); conducting organic food
in solution
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Cells --> Tissues
Epidermis - protective covering; replaced by phlellem; (guard cells, cuticle)Periderm - (Cork or phlellem cells); forms
cork cambium
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Plant Developmentseed --> embryo --> adult plant
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Plant Developmentembryos
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Largest Seed Known??
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Largest Seed Known??
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Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Meristems Apical
primary growth
Lateral secondary
growth vascular
cambium cork cambium
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Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Meristems Apical
primary growth
Lateral secondary
growth vascular
cambium cork cambium
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Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Root
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Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)
Stem
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Monocots vs. Dicots
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Leaves Petiole & Blade
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Leaves Petiole & Blade
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Leaves
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