Plant Lipid Metabolism

Plant Lipid Metabolism

edited by

Jean-Claude Kader

and

Paul Mazliak

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.Y.

A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-90-481-4498-3 ISBN 978-94-015-8394-7 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8394-7

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1995Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995.

Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 1995No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced orutilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording or by any information storage andretrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface xvii

SECTION 1: FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

The cyanobacterial desaturases: aspects of their structure and regulationN. Murata, S. Higashi, H. Wada, T. Sakamoto, M.H. Macherel,D. Macherel, Y. Tasaka and D. Los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3Membrane lipid structure and plant function: what are the relationships?J. Browse, J. Lightner and M McConn 9Role of polyunsaturated fatty acid s in growth and development of ArabidopsisM Miquel and J. Browse 15Membrane bound desaturases and hydroxylases: structure function studiesJ. Shanklin, E. J. Whittle and B.G. Fox 18PCR-based cloning of membrane-bound desaturasesH. Schmidt, P. Sperling and E. Heinz 21Cytochrome b, and fatty acid desaturationMA Smith, J.A Napier, R. Browne, P.R. Shewry and AK. Stobart 24Preparation of 12-[3H]-oleates for assay of the d-12 desaturaseD.A. Abramovitch, S.c. Tucker and G.L. Powell 27The phylogenetic relationships of the species within the section Arachis utilizinga fatty acid synthesis geneP.L. Tate, C. Ainsworth, G. Kochert and A Abbott 30Lipid Metabolism in Mucor javanicusF. Jackson, G. Griffiths, M Smith and K. Stobart 33Are diacylglycerols possible substrates for linoleate desaturation in safflowercotyledons (Carthamus tinctorius L.) ?G. Kesri-Benhassaine and P. Mazliak 36Biochemical and molecular biological characterization of acetyl-CoA carboxylasesB.J. Nikolau, J.J. Caffrey, T. Diez; J.Y. Huang, X.M. Shang, L.M Weaver andE. Syrkin Wurtele 39Maize acetyl-CoEnzyme A carboxylase gene sB. Gengenbach, M Egli, S. Lutz. D. Somers, J. Gronwald, D. Wyse 43Expression of an algal acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene in E. coli.P.G. Roessler 46Biochemical and molecular biological characterization of biotinylated proteinsof plantsJ.J. Caffrey, Y. Chen. T. Diez, X. Guan, J.Y. Huang, AL. McKean. J. Song,X.M. Shang, X. Wang. L.M. Weaver. E. Syrkin Wurtele and B.J. Nikolau 49

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Compartmentalization of two form s of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and planttolerance towards herbicidesY. Sasaki. T. Konishi and Y. Nagano 52Towards a structural understanding of enzymes of lipid biosynthesisA.R. Slabas, e. Brough, J. Kroon , W. Simon , R. Swinhoe, D. Rice. J. Rafferty,R. Winz, AR. Stu itje and K. Elborough 55Chemical regulation of acetyl-CoA form ation and de novo fatty acid biosynthesisin plantsHK. Lichtenthaler and A. Gol: 58The secretive family of ~-ketoacyl-ACP synthasesP. von Wettstein -Knowles 61In planta expression of cDNA encoding 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III(KAS III) from spinachH Tai and J.G. Jaworski 72Purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray diffra ction analysis of acondensing enzymeJ.G. Olsen, M Siggaard-Andersen, A Kadziola, M. Wissenba ch, J.A. Chuck.S. Larsen and P. von Wettstein -Kno wles 75Inhibition of fatty acid condensing enzymes in plantsA L. Jones, J.E. Dan cer and J.L. Harwood 78Powerful new antibodies to ~-ketoacyl-ACP synthasesM. Wissenbach, J.A. Chuck, M Siggaard-Andersen, J.G. Olsen andP. von Wettstein-Knowles 8 1Screening barley for cond ensing enzymes of the fatty acid synthaseM Siggaard-Andersen, M. Wissenba ch. J.A Chuck. J.G. Olsen andP. von Wettstein-Knowles 84A molecular study on the functional relationship between prokaryotic and plantenoy l-ACP reductasesA R. Stuitje , MM. Kater and HJ.J. Nijkamp 87Expression of mRNA and steady-s tate levels of protein isoforms of enoyl-ACPreductase from Brassica napu sT. Faw cett. w. J. Simon, J. Shanklin and A R. Slabas 90Soluble and membrane associ ated enoyl reductases in Brassica napusA. Fowler, W.J. Simon, T. Faw cett and AR. Slabas 93The purification of aceto acyl carrier protein synthase from avocado andidentification of a separate acetyl CoA:ACP transacylase activityB.S. Gulliver and AR. Slabas 96Over-expre ssion and study of ~-ketoacyl-[ACP] reductase from Brassica napusseedN. e. Thomas, T. Fawcett, J.M Martinez-Ri vas and AR. Slabas 99Isolation and characterization of stearoyl-ACP thioesteraseD. Liu and D. Post-Beittenmiller 102A novel acyltransferase activity in an oleaginous algai. e. Schn eider and P.G. Roessler 105

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Dihydrosterculate in tobacco transformed with bacterial cyclopropane fatty acidsynthaseK.M. Schmid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Modulation of the very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) formation in leekC. Cassagne, I.J. Bessoule, F. Schneider, R. Lessire, E. Sturbois, P. Moreauand C. Spinner IIIThiocarbamate action on very long chain fatty acid synthesis in plantsP.E. Barrett and I.L. Harwood 115Elongation system involved in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids inBrassica napus seeds: characterization and solubilizationH. Imai, A. Hlousek-Radojcic, A. Matthis and I . Jaworski 118Study of the partially purified C18: l-CoA elongase from developing rapeseeds(Brassica napus L.)A. Creach , F. Domergue and R. Lessire 121Characterization of the trans 2-3 enoyl-CoA reductase of the acyl-CoA elongasefrom leek (Allium porrum L.)C. Spinner, K. Levannier, R. Lessire, I.P. Lellouche, C. Mioskovski andC. Cassagne 124Molecular cloning and characterization of genes involved in cuticular waxbiosynthesisB.J. Nikolau, X. Xu, Y. Xia, I .D. Hansen, S. Heinen, T.I. Wen, M. Delledonne andP.S. Schnable 127Design of news modulators of the very-long-chain fatty acids biosynthesisF. Schneider, I.J. Bessoule, C. Miokowski, I.P. Lellouche, K. Levannier andC. Cassagne 131

SECTION 2 : MEMBRANES

Ultrastructural features of chloroplasts from fatty acid desaturase mutants ofArabidopsis thalianaP.I. Quinn 135Electron microscopy and X-ray scattering studies of the structuralorganisation of prolamellar bodies isolated from Zea maysE. Selstam, P. Williams, T. Brain and W. Bras 141MGDG synthase of spinach chloroplast envelope: properties of the substratebinding sitesE. Marechal, M.A . Block, I . Joyard and R. Douce 144UDP-Galactose: diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase in cucumber seedlings :purification of the enzyme and the activation by phosphatidic acidH. Ohta, M. Shimojima, T. Arai, T. Masuda, Y. Shioi and K. Takamiya 152Detection of phosphatidylglycerol and monogalactosyl-diglyceride onpeptides of photosystem I in Nicotiana tabacum speciesA. Makewicz; A. Radunz and G.H. Schmid 156

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Intrachloroplastic lipid export: a general process with a key role for the chloro­plast envelope in the establishment of lipid asymmetry in thylakoid membranesA Rawyler, M. Meylan-Bettex and P.A Siegenthaler 161Localization of lipids and xanthophylls in inside-out vesicles from thylakoids ofNicotiana tabacumJ. Diidelow, A Radunz and G.H. Schmid 164Thoughts concerning a new paradigm of the photosystem II region of thethylakoid membrane based on lipid structure and functionP.A Siegenthaler, Y. Xu, J. Smutny, M. Meylan-Bettex, J. Vallino and A Rawyler 170Lipid dependence of protein kinase activities in spinach chloroplast envelopemembranesL. Bovet, J. Smutny and P.A Siegenthaler 173Polar lipid composition, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll-proteincomplexes of chloroplasts from hemiparasitic angiosperms originating fromtemperate and tropical areasC. Tuquet and G. Salle 176In vivo manipulation of lipid composition in mutants of Chlamydomonasreinhardtll: a tool to study the roles of lipids in the biogenesis of thephotosynthetic membraneA Tremolieres, G. Dubertret, H. Paulsen, S. Hobe and C. Demandre 179Temperature and light conditions during the growth of squash seedlings influencegreatly the relative content of phosphatidylglycerol molecular species incotyledonsY. Xu and P.A Siegenthaler 182Investigations of pyruvate dehydrogenase in pea root plastid preparationsSA Spa race, Q. Qi and K.F. Kleppinger-Sparace 185Formation of autophagic vacuoles and accumulation of deacylation products ofmembrane polar lipids during the course of sucrose starvation in higher plantcell sR. Douce, S. Aubert, R. Bligny, AJ. Dome, E. Gout and F. Marty 188Lipid composition of intact and functional mitochondria isolated fromArabidopsis thaliana suspension culturesT. Guillot-Salomon, J. Davy de Yirville , I. Aaron, M.F . Alin, C. Cantrel andF. Moreau 197Purification and characterization of carnitine acyltransferase from mung-bean(Vigna radiata L.) mitochondriaH. Schwabedissen-Gerbling and B. Gerhardt 200Lipid changes in mitochondria of Arum italicum spadix during theinflorescence developmentJ. Bahl, C. Demandre, M. Chauveau, M.J. Alpha and J. Roussaux . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Approach to In vivo function of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins in higher plantsM. Yamada, S. Tsuboi, M. Kosone, T. Osafune , T. Ehara, C. Masuta , A Koiwai,S. Muto , T. Yuasa, H. Ariga and M. Nishimura 206

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Recon stituted lipid transfer: comparison of the regul ation of acyl lipid releasefrom endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast envelopeA S. Sandelius and M. Riintfors 210Isolation of transfer vesicles issued from the endoplasmic reticulum of leekseedlingsB. Sturbois, P. Moreau, O. Loreau and e. Cassagne 213Biosynthesis of an unusual phospholipid, N- Acyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine incotton cotyledonsT.S. Moore, Jr and K.D. Chapman 216Regul ation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase by protein phosphorylation:A plasma membrane-cytoskeletal connectionW.F. Boss, W. Yang, Z. Tan and M. Cho 219Do the maize phosphatidylinositolphosphate-kinase discriminate between thephosphatidylinositol molecular species?A Chicha, e. Demandre, AM. Justin and P. Mazliak 224On the presence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol -anchored proteins in plantsG.A Thompson Jr., N. Morita, H. Okuyama, Y. Kim, Y.G. Ko and e.Y. Hung . . . . 227Pathway of synthesis of 3- and 4-phosphorylated phosphoinositides in stomatalguard cells of Commelina communis L.P. Parmar and e.A Brearley 230Solubilization and selectivity of the phosphatidylino sitol-synthase from etiolatedmaize coleoptile microsome sA M. Justin, A Hmyene, J.e. Kader and P. Mazliak 233Lipids in brown algae : identification of a new phospholipid and the use of thebetaine lipid DGTA as a taxonomic markerW. Eichenberger, D.G. Mull er and e. E. Schmid 236The transbilayer distribution of gluco sylceramide in plant plasma membraneD.V. Lynch and A J. Phinn ey 239Changes in the synthesis of unusual glycolipids during somatic embryogenesis inDaucus carotaL.A Quesada-Allue, B. Cadenas, K. Hagelin, F. Guzzo and F. LoSchiavo 242ATPase and H+ transport activities in micro somes from cotyledons ofsunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ) genotypes differing in oleic acid contentA Chica, M. Pilar Rodriguez-Ro sales, N. Ferrol and J.P. Donaire 247Lipid modulation of the activity of tonoplast H+-ATPase purified from mung bean(Vigna radiata L.) hypocotylsK. Kasamo and H. Yamanishi 250

SECTION 3: LIPID OXIDATION AND DEGRADATION

Developmental implications of membrane hyperfluidity induced by lipidperoxidation and subsequent jasmonate formationY.Y. Leshem 255

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Estimation of free and bound MDA in plant extracts: comparisonbetween spectrophotometric and HPLC methodsD. Hagege, S. Feutry, M. Krsnik-Rasol, D. Poder and J.F. Mene z 259Oxylipins in plants : the peroxygenase pathwayE. Blee and F. Schuber 262Peroxisomal catabolism of linoleic acidB. Gerhardt and A Kleiter 265Fatty acid oxidation enzymes of the yeast Candida cloacaeMA. West, J. Hill, M Watson, W. Simon , N. Lindner, J. Casey and AR. Slabas . . 268a-oxidation of fatty acids in cucumberG./. Andersen, P. Baardseth, E. SUnde, J. Bremer and A Nilsson 271Physiologically active products of plant lipoxygenase pathwayA. Grechkin 274Temporal and organ-specific expression of enzymes of fatty acidhydroperoxide metabolism in developing sunflower seedlingsB.A. Vick 280Formation of ketols of 9-hydroxylinolenic acid in corn seedsT.E. Gafarova and D.M Tyshkivsky 283Cloning of an elicitor-induced lipoxygenase cDNA from tobaccoe. Yeronesi. J. Fournier, M Rickauer, ML Pouenat and MT. Esquerre-Tugaye . 286Enzyme assisted formation of fatty acid hydroperoxideG.J. Piazza and MB. Medina 289Jasmonate- and stress-induced lipoxygenase forms in barley leaf segments(Hordeum vulgare CV. Salome)I. Feussner, J. Ziegler, O. Miersch and e. Wasternack 292Hydroperoxide dehydrase in barley grainsN. Schmitt and A.e. Douma 295Isolation and characterization of a lipase from Botrytis cinereaP. Commenil, L. Belingheri and M. Sancholle 298Induction of lipase activity in germinating barleyJ.e. Heistek and Ae. Douma 301Properties of a purified soluble MODO-acyl-hydrolase from cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L.) leavesAT. Pham Thi, Y. Sahsah, H. Roy-Macauley, A d 'Arcy-Lameta andY. Zuily-Fodil 304A phospholipase activity causes changes in phospholipid composition of tobaccocells in response to fungal elicitorsS. Roy, ML Pouenat, e. Caumont, M.e. Prevost and M.T. Esquerre-Tugaye . .. . 307Phospholipase activities associated with the tonoplast from Acer pseudoplatanuscells : identification of a phospholipase AI activityE. Tavernier and A Pugin 310In vitro phospholipase activity of capsicein, an n-elicitin secreted by aphytopathogenic fungus, Phytophthora capside. Nespoulous, e. Mella, J.e. Huet and J.e. Pernollet 313

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Possible role of membrane lipid degradation in tulip bulb scale micropropagationM.w.P.C. van Rossum and L.H. W. van der Plas 316

SECTION 4 : ISOPRENOIDS

Some new aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plantsT.J. Bach 321Molecular cloning of radish acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase by geneticcomplementation of a yeast mutantK.U. Vollack and T.J. Bach 335Plant sterol biosynthesis-identification of the component reactions of oxidativesterol C4-demethylationA. Rahier, M. Taton and S. Pascal 338Plant sterol biosynthesis. Cytochrome P-450 obtusifoliol 14a-Methyl demethylasea key enzymatic stepM. Taton, F. Salmon and A. Rahier 341Effect of salinity on the sterol content of soybean root membranesA. Surjus, M. Durand and Y. Sauvaire 344Regulation and functions of sterols in yeastL.W. Parks 347Relative squalene synthase activity and its kinetic properties in different yeaststrainsC. Socaciu, M. Faye , ML Dumas, G. Pauly and M. Gleizes 350Jasmonic acid induced changes in carotenoid levels and zeaxanthin cycleperformanceM. Betz; C. Schindler, J. Schwender and H.K. Lichtenthaler 353Purification and characterization of abietadiene cyclase of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster Ail.)J. Walter, B. Laprebande, A. Laferriere, Haoua and A. Saint-Guily 356

SECTION 5 : LIPIDS AND ENVIRONMENT

Recent environmental concerns and lipid metabolismJ.L. Harwood 361Is the membrane the primary target in the biological perception of temperature?Effect of membrane physical state on the expression of stress-defence genesL. Vigh, D.A. Los, N. Murata , A. Glatz, E. Kovacs and I. Horvath 369Temperature regulation of desaturation of fatty acids in cytosolic andchloroplastic glycerolipidsJ.P. Williams, M. U. Khan and D. Wong 372Acyl turnover in triacylglycerols. Its role in the regulation by temperature of the18:1/18:2 ratio in sunflower seedsM. Mancha, C. Sarmiento and R. Garces 378

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Correlation studies between chilling sensitivity of stored basil leaves and theircomposition of membrane lipidsS. Meir, L. Twito and S. Philosoph-Hadas 381Wheat lipid accumulation is altered by the "greenhouse effect"M. Williams, P.R. Shewry and l.L. Harwood 384Effects of a heat shock on the molecular species of rape polar lipidsF. Aid, C. Demandre, G. Kesri-Benhassaine and P. Mazliak 387The effect of temperature and abscisic acid on the level of erucic acid in the oilof oilseed rapel .A. Wilmer, J. P.F.G Helsper and L.H. W. v.d. Plas 390Effects of pesticides on the biosynthesis and accumulation of lipophiliccomponents in plant cuticlesH. Albertin, F. Nurit, l. Favre-Bonvin, P. Ravanel and M. Tissut 393Influence of chloroacetamide herbicides on Scenedesmus acutus fatty acids.A central role of oleic acid?M. Couderchet, F. Kring and P. Boger 408Lipid metabolism in Scenedesmus acutus wild type and metazachlor tolerant celllinesM. Couderchet, J. Rumbolz and P. Boger 411Effects of powdery mildew on the leaf surface waxes of wheatA. Almihanna and D. Losel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414Effects of hexaconazole on the plasma membranes of Alternaria brassicicolaM. Ihabi, L. Belingheri and M. Sancholle 417Effects of proline and glycine betaine on lipid peroxidation in rape (Brassicanapus L.) leaves submitted to water stressA. Aziz, D. Rolin and F. Larher 420Salt effect on lipid metabolism of rape seeds during germinationD. Ben Miled-Daoud and A. Cherif 423Effects of drought stress on enzymatic breakdown of galactolipids in cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) leavesP. Campos and A.T. Pham Thi 426Salt stress effect on polar lipid metabolism of olive leavesM. Zarrouk, W. Seqqat-Dakhma and A. Cherif 429Adaptation of potato cells to low water potential and changes in membrane fattyacid composition and fluidityA. Leone, M. Tucci, S. Grillo , A. Costa and L. Vigh 432Sodium chloride effect on the evolution of fatty acid composition in developingrape seedlingsF. Najine, B. Marzouk and A. Cherif 435Effect of salt on [1_'4C] acetate incorporation in developing cotton seedsA. Smaoui and A. Cherif 438Comparison of fatty acid composition of phospholipids in normal and habituatedsugar beet cell linesS. Feutry, D. Poder, M. Krsnik-Rasol, l .F. Mene z and D. Hagege 441

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Infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae of leek plants(Allium porum L.): effect on lipidsA Grandmougin-Ferjani, Y. Dalpe, E. Veignie, M.A. Hartmann, C. Rafin andM. Sancholle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444Increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Spirulina platensisand Porphyridium cruentum by variation of light and nutrientsM. Springer, N. Rogova, H Franke and O. Pulz 447Influence of summer episodes of atmospheric 0 3 on /).5 and /).9 fatty acids inlipids of norway spruce during winter hardeningA.R. Wellburn, D.C. Robinson, A. Thompson and I.D. Leith 450Gibberellic acid analogs modification of epicuticular waxR.E. Wilkinson and J.J. Roberts 453Formation of ro-feruloyloxypalmitic acid and tetradecyl ferulate in enzymicextracts of wound-healing potato tuber discs (Solanum tuberosum L.)S. Lotfy, F. Javelle and J. Negrel 456The leaf acyl lipid composition of plants exposed to moderately enhanced levelsof ozone : species, age and dose dependenceAS. Sandelius, AS. Carlsson, H PieijeI, L.l. Hellgren, G. Wallin and G. setue« . 459In vivo and in vitro inhibition of fatty acid desaturation by the antibiotic ceruleninZ. Cohen, I. Khozina, D. Shiran, HA. Norman and P. Pillai 462

SECTION 6 : OIL SEED AND GENE TECHNOLOGY

Structure of plant enoyl-ACP reductase genesG.J de Boer, M.M. Kater, AR. Wagenaar, T. Fawcett, T.R. Slabas, HJ.J. Nijkampand A.R. Stuitje 467Decanoyl-acyl carrier protein inhibits the p-ketoacyl-acyl carrier proteinsynthase III in Cuphea lanceolata seed extractR. Schuch, F.M. Bruck, M. Brummel and F. Spener 470Studies in the optimisation of the overexpression of p-ketoacyl-ACP synthase Ifrom barley and Escherichia coliJ.A. Chuck, M. Wissenbach, M. Siggaard-Andersen, J.G. Olsen andP. von Wettstein-Knowles 473Transgenic expression of bacterial fas components in rapeseed!.l.G.S. Verwoert, E.C. Verbree, K.H van der Linden, HJ.J. Nijkamp andA.R. Stuitje 476Synthesis of starch and fatty acids by plastids isolated from developing embryosof oilseed rapeS. Rawsthorne and F. Kang 479Identification of a low density membrane fraction involved in storagetriacylglycerol synthesisD.J. Lacey and M.J. Hills 482Molecular characterization of aconitase in etiolated pumpkin cotyledonsM. Hayashi, L. De Bellis and M. Nishimura 485

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Effects of the constitutive expression of a medium chain acyl-ACP thioesterasefrom California Bay on leaf lipid composition of transformed Brassica plantsV. Eccleston and J. Ohlrogge 488Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a novel thioesterase fromArabidopsis thaliana specific for long chain acyl-acyl carrier proteinsP. Diirmann, T. A Voelker and J.B. Ohlrogge 491Expression of acyl-[ACP] thioesterase in Cuphea lanceolata and in transgenicrapeseedN. Martini, J. Schell and R. Tiipfer 495Genetic and biochemical studies of medium chain fatty acid synthesis in CupheaM. Slabaugh, J. Leonard, G. Huestis, J. Crane and S. Knapp 499Utilization of laurate by the Kennedy pathway in developing seeds of Brassicanapus expressing a 12:0-ACP thioesterase geneH.M. Davies, e.A. Eriqat and T.R. Hayes 503Reducing polyunsaturation in oils of transgenic canola and soybeanWD. Hitz; N.S . Yadav, R.S. Reiter, CiI, Mauvais and AJ. Kinney 506Solubilization of 12- and 6-desaturases from seeds of borage microsomesA.M. Galle, A Oursel , M. Joseph and J.e. Kader 509Sunflower mutants with altered fatty acid composition in the seed oilR. Garces, J. Osorio , M. Mancha and J.M. Fernandez-Martinez 512Direct genetic selection of a maize cDNA clone that encodes a proteinwhich has similarities to fatty-acyltransferasesAP. Brown, J. Coleman, AM. Tommey, M.D. Watson and A.R. Slabas 515Interaction of photoreactive substrate analogs with diacylglycerol acyltransferasefrom microspore-derived embryos of oilseed rapeR.Weselake, K. Pomeroy, T. Furukawa-Stoffer, D. Little and R. Rajasekharan . . . 518Acyltransferase activities specific to sn-2 in low linolenic acid rapeseed linese. Jourdren and M. Renard 521Photoaffinity labeling of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase from developingcastor bean endospermR. Rajasekharan and H. Roychowdhury 525Role of cholinephosphotransferase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase inchanneling unusual fatty acids into the triacylglycerol pool during oilseeddevelopmentG. Vogel and J. Browse 528cDNA clones from Limnanthes douglasii encoding an erucoyl-CoA specificl-acyIglycerol- 3-phosphate acyltransferasee. Hanke, G. Peterek, F.P. Wolter and M. Frentzen 531Cloning of a cDNA coding for a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase fromCuphea lanceolataL. Hausmann, J. Schell and R. Topfer 534Characterization of the diacylglycerol acyl-transferase in the lipid body fractionfrom an oleaginous fungusY. Kami saka 537

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Identification of jojoba seed acyl-CoA: Fatty alcohol acyltransferase byphotolabeling with acyl-CoA analogJ.M. Shockey, J.D. Kemp and R. Rajasekharan 540Acyl CoA binding proteins in Brassica napus L.: Amino acid sequence, genesand expressionM.J. Hills, R. Dann, D. Lydiate and A Sharpe 543An uncommon pathway in the biosynthesis of acetylenic fatty acids in mossesP. Beutelmann and S. Stymne 546Germinating rapeseed as biocatalyst for lipolytic and synthetic reactionsK.D. Mukherjee and I. Jachmanian 549Lipolytic activity isolated from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germinatingseed spherosomesS. Bahri, A Oursel, J. Ben Hamida and J.e. Kader 552Factors affecting lipase activity in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) mesocarpR. Sambanthamurthi, O.K. Cheang and S. H. Parman 555Are oleosins only associated with oil bodies from desiccation tolerant planttissues?D.J. Murphy, J.H.E. Ross and H.W. Pritchard 558Oil body proteinsM. Millichip , F. Jackson, G. Griffiths, A Tatham, A Drake, P. Shewry andK. Stobart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561Olive oil biogenesis . Contribution of fruit photosynthesisJ. Sanchez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564Comparative study of oil composition in four olive varietiesM. Kachouri , M. M'Sallem, M. Zarrouk and A Cherif 567Towards genetic engineering of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)S.e. Cheah, R. Sambanthamurthi, S.N.A Abdullah, A Othman, M.AA Manaf,U.S. Ramli and A.P.G. Kadir 570Neutral lipids of mature and developing sea buckthorn tHippophae rhamnoides L.)fruitsAG. Vereshchagin and V.D. Tsydendambaev 573

Authors index 579Subject index 585

PREFACE

Research on the lipid metabolism of plants, yeasts and algae has attracted muchattention in recent years. This increasing interest stems from the fact that lipids play notonly major roles in membrane structure and function but are also involved in variousintracellular and extracellular signalling processes often linked to environmentalconditions. In addition, the recent possibilities to modify the composition of triacyl­glycerols opened fascinating perspectives for adapting the quality of storage lipids to in­dustrial needs . All these developments were made possible thanks to the use of the toolsof molecular biology and molecular genetics, mainly by taking Arabidopsis thaliana andcyanobacteria as models .

This explains why the 11th International Meeting on Plant Lipids, which was held inthe Carre des Sciences in Paris, France, from 26 June to 1st July 1994, attracted 285scientists from 26 countries, giving 13 plenary lectures, 41 conferences and presenting 165posters . From these communications, 161 papers were selected and collected into thepresent book. These papers are arranged in six sections, reflecting the present-day state-of­the-arts of research in the field of plant lipid metabolism.

We are very grateful to the generous support by research organizations, UniversityParis 6 and private corporations (see the following list) . We also acknowledge thetremendous efforts of our collaborators, particularly C. Cantrel, A. Chammai, D. Chervin,A. Chicha, J. Davy de Virville, C. Demandre, D. Fontaine, A.M. Galle, M. Gawer, M.Grosbois, F. Guerbette, N. Guern, T. Guillot-Salomon, A. Jolliot-Croquin, M. Joseph, A­M. Justin, O. Kader, A. Oursel, and M. Wicker.

Weare especially indebted to Mrs M. Poittevin for her pleasant and efficient secretarialwork all over the meeting.

Paris, August 1994

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Jean-Claude Kader and Paul Mazliak

This book is dedicated to our beloved colleague, Terry Galliard, aged53, founder of this series of meetings on plant lipids, who sadly passed awayon 31st March 1993, despite his brave fight with an illness, which was firstdiagnosed two years ago.

Terry's academic career began with the award of a state scholarshipfrom his scholar school to study chemistry at Birmingham University. Aftersecuring his B.Sc in 1960, he progressed to the Medical BiochemistryDepartment, where he then graduated with a Ph.D. in 1963. A year later, hewon a Fulbright Scholarship to work in the University of California withprofessor Paul Stumpf where he studied ricinoleic biosynthesis. Terryreturned to the U.K. in 1966 to work at the Food Research Institute atNorwich. He made major contributions, still cited, on plant lipases and acylhydrolases. It was in 1977 that Terry joined the Lord Rank Research Centre.At the head of the Biochemistry Department, he adapted his research to cerealscience and became editor of the Journal of Cereal Science, developing thehigh reputation of this journal. Terry was for several years an Honorarylecturer, and then honorary reader in the School of Biological Sciences at theUniversity of East Anglia. In 1990, the title of Visiting Professor wasconferred on him by King 's College, London University.

To remember him, it was decided that a Terry Galliard lecture will begiven in each Plant Lipid Meeting. Professor Norio Murata had the honor togive, in Paris, the first one.

Terry was a gentle and quiet colleague, generous and thoughtful ofothers. We miss him very much .

Paris, August 1994

Jean-Claude Kader Paul Mazliak

The following institutions, research organizations, local authorities and privatecompanies are gratefully acknowleged for their generous support

Ministere de l' Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche

Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6)

C.N.R.S. (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Cornite National de la Recherche Scientifique

I.N.R.A. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)

Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie

Pioneer-France

C.E.TJ.O.M. (Centre d'Etude Technique Interprofessionnel des Oleagineux

Metropolitains)

L.V.M.H. (Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy)

O.N.I.D.O.L. (Office National Interprofessionnel des Oleagineux)