Plant KingdomPlant Kingdom

EQ: How do parts of plants EQ: How do parts of plants function for the survival of the function for the survival of the

whole organism?whole organism?

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

I.I. General InformationGeneral Information

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

I.I. General InformationGeneral InformationA.A. Life SpanLife Span

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

I.I. General InformationGeneral InformationA.A. Life SpanLife Span

1.1. Annuals- reproduce one year/ dieAnnuals- reproduce one year/ die

Snapdragons

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

I.I. General InformationGeneral InformationA.A. Life SpanLife Span

1.1. Annuals- reproduce one year/ Annuals- reproduce one year/ diedie

2.2. Biennials- reproduce second Biennials- reproduce second year/ dieyear/ die

The Sweet William Dwarf.

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

I.I. General InformationGeneral InformationA.A. Life SpanLife Span

1.1. Annuals- reproduce one year/ Annuals- reproduce one year/ diedie

2.2. Biennials- reproduce second Biennials- reproduce second year/ dieyear/ die

3.3. Perennials – reproduce each Perennials – reproduce each year/ live many yearsyear/ live many years

The Plantain Lilly.

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

• B.B. Tropism- a plant growing Tropism- a plant growing toward or away from a stimulus.toward or away from a stimulus.

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

• B. B. Tropism- a plant growing Tropism- a plant growing toward or away from a stimulus.toward or away from a stimulus.

1.1. Positive tropism – plant grows Positive tropism – plant grows toward the stimulus.toward the stimulus.

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

• B. B. Tropism- a plant growing Tropism- a plant growing toward or away from a stimulus.toward or away from a stimulus.

1.1. Positive tropism – plant grows Positive tropism – plant grows toward the stimulus.toward the stimulus.

2.2. Negative tropism – plant grows Negative tropism – plant grows away from stimulus.away from stimulus.

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

• B.B. Tropism- a plant growing Tropism- a plant growing toward or away from a stimulus.toward or away from a stimulus.

1.1. Positive tropism – plant grows Positive tropism – plant grows toward the stimulus.toward the stimulus.

2.2. Negative tropism – plant grows Negative tropism – plant grows away from stimulus.away from stimulus.

3.3. Examples: Examples:

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

• 3. 3. Examples:Examples:

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

• 3. 3. Examples: Examples: a.a. Phototropism = response to light Phototropism = response to light – a positive tropism– a positive tropism

Plants With SeedsPlants With Seeds

• 3. Examples: 3. Examples: a.a. Phototropism = response to light Phototropism = response to light – a positive tropism– a positive tropism

b.b. Gravitropism = response to Gravitropism = response to gravity where roots show a positive gravity where roots show a positive tropism and stems show a negative tropism and stems show a negative tropism.tropism.

Positive TropismPositive Tropism

Phototropism

Sunflower tropismSunflower tropism

                                    

Negative tropismNegative tropism

• Charles DarwinCharles Darwin was one of the first was one of the first to scientifically document that to scientifically document that rootsroots show show positive gravitropismpositive gravitropism and stems show and stems show negative negative gravitropismgravitropism. That is, . That is, rootsroots grow in grow in the direction of gravitational pull the direction of gravitational pull (i.e., downward) and (i.e., downward) and stemsstems grow in grow in the opposite direction (i.e., the opposite direction (i.e., upwards).upwards).

Example of Geotropism in the remaints of a cellar of a roman villa in the Archeologic Park in Baia, Italy

Negative tropismNegative tropism

• Gravity is used to signal root Gravity is used to signal root growth downwards and shoots growth downwards and shoots upwards. (Shoots also use light upwards. (Shoots also use light (phototropism) to direct growth (phototropism) to direct growth away from gravity.)away from gravity.)  

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves

                                  

                                                                                                                                                  

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1. 1. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1. 1. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

a. a. Definition: food making Definition: food making process in leaves using light process in leaves using light energy captured by chlorophyll energy captured by chlorophyll in the cholorplastsin the cholorplasts

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1. 1. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

a.a.Definition: food making process Definition: food making process in leaves using light energy in leaves using light energy captured by chlorophyll in the captured by chlorophyll in the cholorplastscholorplasts

b. b. 6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O CO C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1. 1. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

a. a. Definition: food making process Definition: food making process in leaves using light energy in leaves using light energy captured by chlorophyll in the captured by chlorophyll in the cholorplastscholorplasts

b. b. 6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O CO C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

Carbon Dioxide

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1. 1. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

a. a. Definition: food making process Definition: food making process in leaves using light energy in leaves using light energy captured by chlorophyll in the captured by chlorophyll in the cholorplastscholorplasts

b.b. 6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O CO C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

Water

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1. 1. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

a. a. Definition: food making process Definition: food making process in leaves using light energy in leaves using light energy captured by chlorophyll in the captured by chlorophyll in the cholorplastscholorplasts

b. b. 6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O CO C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

Sugar

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1. 1. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

a. a. Definition: food making process Definition: food making process in leaves using light energy in leaves using light energy captured by chlorophyll in the captured by chlorophyll in the cholorplastscholorplasts

b. b. 6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O CO C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

oxygen

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1.1.PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

c.c. Reasons photosynthesis is Reasons photosynthesis is

important to humans.important to humans.

II.II. Plant PartsPlant Parts

A.A. LeavesLeaves1.1.PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

c.c. Reasons photosynthesis is Reasons photosynthesis is

important to humans.important to humans.

(1) (1) Starts the food Starts the food chain for all chain for all

life forms.life forms.

II.II. Plant PartsPlant PartsA.A. LeavesLeaves

1.1.PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisc.c. Reasons photosynthesis is Reasons photosynthesis is important to humans.important to humans.

(1) (1) Starts the food chain Starts the food chain for all for all

life forms.life forms.

(2)(2) Provides Provides OO2 2 to breathe to breathe

(2)(2) Provides Provides OO2 2 to to breathe breathe

(2)(2) Provides Provides OO2 2 to to breathe breathe

oxygenoxygen

(2)(2) Provides Provides OO2 2 to to breathe breathe

oxygenoxygen

(2)(2) Provides Provides OO2 2 to to breathe breathe

oxygenoxygen

(2)(2) Provides Provides OO2 2 to to breathe breathe

oxygenoxygen

carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

(2)(2) Provides Provides OO2 2 to breathe to breathe

oxygenoxygen

carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide / oxygen cycleCarbon dioxide / oxygen cycle

2.2. Classification:Classification:

2.2. Classification:Classification:

a.a. Veining Veining

2.2. Classification:Classification:

a.a. Veining Veining

(1)(1) Parallel Parallel             

2.2. Classification:Classification:

a.a. Veining Veining

(2)(2) Palmate Palmate                  

2.2. Classification:Classification:

a.a. Veining Veining

(3)(3) Pinnate Pinnate

(a) (a) opposite opposite pinnatepinnate

                  

2.2. Classification:Classification:

a.a. Veining Veining

(3)(3) Pinnate Pinnate

(b) (b) alternate alternate pinnatepinnate

                                                            

2.2. Classification:Classification:

b.b. Edging / Shape Edging / Shape

2.2. Classification:Classification:

b.b. Edging / Shape Edging / Shape

(1)(1) Smooth Smooth                                

2.2. Classification:Classification:

b.b. Edging / Shape Edging / Shape

(2)(2) Toothed Toothed                                                    

2.2. Classification:Classification:

b.b. Edging / Shape Edging / Shape

(3)(3) Lobed Lobed                                             

2.2. Classification:Classification:

c.c. Needles Needles

2.2. Classification:Classification:

c.c. Needles Needles

(1)(1) Single Single

2.2. Classification:Classification:

c.c. Needles Needles

(2)(2) Attached Attached

3.3. TranspirationTranspiration

3.3. TranspirationTranspiration

a.a. The evaporative loss of The evaporative loss of water from a plant in the water from a plant in the leaves (the stomata).leaves (the stomata).

4.4. Cellular Respiration (in the Cellular Respiration (in the Mitochondria)Mitochondria)

4.4. Cellular Respiration (in the Cellular Respiration (in the Mitochondria)Mitochondria)

a.a. The transformation of The transformation of sugar into energy (ATP + sugar into energy (ATP + heat).heat).

4.4. Cellular Respiration (in the Cellular Respiration (in the Mitochondria)Mitochondria)

a.a. The transformation of The transformation of sugar into energy (ATP + sugar into energy (ATP + heat).heat).

b.b. CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 CO CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + O + energyenergy

Flowers:Flowers:

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. Flowers: Purpose and Flowers: Purpose and

ReproductionReproduction

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. Flowers: Purpose and Flowers: Purpose and

ReproductionReproduction

1.1. Flower parts and functions Flower parts and functions

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. Flowers: Purpose and Flowers: Purpose and

ReproductionReproduction

1.1. Flower parts and functions Flower parts and functions

a.a. Pistil = female Pistil = female reproductive reproductive

organorgan

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. Flowers: Purpose and Flowers: Purpose and

ReproductionReproduction

1.1. Flower parts and functions Flower parts and functions

a.a. Pistil = female Pistil = female reproductive reproductive

organorgan

(1)(1) Stigma: Catches Stigma: Catches pollenpollen

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. Flowers: Purpose and ReproductionFlowers: Purpose and Reproduction 1.1. Flower parts and functions Flower parts and functions a.a. Pistil = female reproductive Pistil = female reproductive organorgan

(1)(1) Stigma: Catches pollen Stigma: Catches pollen (2)(2) Style: Allows a place for Style: Allows a place for

tube to carry sperm fromtube to carry sperm from pollen to egg in ovary.pollen to egg in ovary.

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. Flowers: Purpose and ReproductionFlowers: Purpose and Reproduction 1.1. Flower parts and functions Flower parts and functions a.a. Pistil = female reproductive Pistil = female reproductive organorgan

(1)(1) Stigma: Catches pollen Stigma: Catches pollen (2)(2) Style: Allows a place for Style: Allows a place for

tube to carry sperm fromtube to carry sperm from pollen to egg in ovary.pollen to egg in ovary.

(3)(3) Ovary: Contains eggs which Ovary: Contains eggs which become seeds once they are become seeds once they are fertilized by the pollen.fertilized by the pollen.

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 1.1.

b. b. Stamen: Male Stamen: Male reproductive reproductive

organorgan                              

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 1.1.

b. b. Stamen: Male reproductive Stamen: Male reproductive

organorgan

(1).(1). Filament: Holds the Filament: Holds the

anther up so wind and anther up so wind and

bees take pollen. bees take pollen.

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 1.1.

b. b. Stamen: Male reproductive Stamen: Male reproductive

organorgan

(1).(1). Filament: Holds the Filament: Holds the

anther up so wind and anther up so wind and

bees take pollen. bees take pollen.

(2).(2). Anther: Produces pollen Anther: Produces pollen

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 1.1.

c. c. Other flower partsOther flower parts

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 1.1.

c. c. Other flower partsOther flower parts

(1).(1). Petals: colorful to Petals: colorful to attract attract

insectsinsects

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 1.1.

c. c. Other flower partsOther flower parts

(1).(1). Petals: colorful to Petals: colorful to attract attract

insectsinsects

(2).(2). Sepals: Protects the Sepals: Protects the bud bud

before it opens.before it opens.

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 1.1. c. c. Other flower partsOther flower parts

(1).(1). Petals: colorful to Petals: colorful to attract attract

insectsinsects (2).(2). Sepals: Protects the Sepals: Protects the

bud bud before it opens.before it opens. (3).(3). Receptacle: Base or Receptacle: Base or “ “holder” of the flower. holder” of the flower.

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 2. 2. Sequence of steps for plants Sequence of steps for plants

with with

seeds (reproduction).seeds (reproduction).

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 2. 2. Sequence of steps for plants Sequence of steps for plants

with with

seeds (reproduction) seeds (reproduction)

a. a. Anther produces pollen. Anther produces pollen.                              

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 2. 2. Sequence of steps for plants Sequence of steps for plants

with with

seeds (reproduction) seeds (reproduction)

a. a. Anther produces pollen. Anther produces pollen.

b.b. Pollen is carried by wind Pollen is carried by wind or or

insects to stigma of a insects to stigma of a different different

flower.flower.

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 2. 2. Sequence of steps for plants Sequence of steps for plants

with with seeds (reproduction) seeds (reproduction)

a. a. Anther produces pollen. Anther produces pollen. b.b. Pollen is carried by wind or Pollen is carried by wind or insects to stigma of a different insects to stigma of a different flower.flower. c. c. A tube grows from the pollen A tube grows from the pollen through the style to the ovary through the style to the ovary

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 2. 2. Sequence of steps for plants Sequence of steps for plants

with with

seeds (reproduction) seeds (reproduction)

d. d. Sperm cells that were in Sperm cells that were in the the

pollen travel through the pollen travel through the tube tube

to the egg cells in the to the egg cells in the ovary.ovary.

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 2. 2. Sequence of steps for plants with Sequence of steps for plants with

seeds (reproduction) seeds (reproduction)

d. d. Sperm cells that were in the Sperm cells that were in the

pollen travel through the tube pollen travel through the tube

to the egg cells in the ovary.to the egg cells in the ovary.

e. e. Fertilization produces seed Fertilization produces seed

(sperm + egg = seed)(sperm + egg = seed)

                             

Flowers:Flowers: B. B. 2. 2. Sequence of steps for plants Sequence of steps for plants

with with

seeds (reproduction) seeds (reproduction)

f. f. Fruit forms around seed Fruit forms around seed (ovary (ovary

where eggs were where eggs were contained contained

becomes the fruit)becomes the fruit)

                             

C. C. RootsRoots 1. 1. Tap root: Has long main root Tap root: Has long main root

withwith

tiny root hairs.tiny root hairs.                                                                       

C. C. RootsRoots 2. 2. Fibrous root:Fibrous root: Spreads out as Spreads out as

a a

tangle.tangle.                                                                                                              

D. D. Stems:Stems:

                                                                                                             

D. D. Stems:Stems: 1. 1. Have Vascular bundle Have Vascular bundle

tissue tissue

inside to transport inside to transport water andwater and

nutrients.nutrients.

                                                                                                             

D. D. Stems:Stems: 1. 1. Have Vascular bundle Have Vascular bundle

tissue tissue

inside to transport water inside to transport water andand

nutrients.nutrients.

a. a. xylem: “elevator” xylem: “elevator” going up.going up.

                                                                                                             

D. D. Stems:Stems: 1. 1. Have Vascular bundle tissue Have Vascular bundle tissue

inside to transport water and inside to transport water and nutrients.nutrients. a. a. xylem: “elevator” going up.xylem: “elevator” going up. b. b. phloem: “elevator” going phloem: “elevator” going down.down.

                                                                                                             

D. D. Stems:Stems: 1. 1. Have Vascular bundle tissue Have Vascular bundle tissue

insideinside

to transport water and nutrients.to transport water and nutrients.

a. a. xylem: “elevator” going up.xylem: “elevator” going up.

b. b. phloem: “elevator” going phloem: “elevator” going down.down.

2.2. Annual Rings: Show the age in Annual Rings: Show the age in

woody stems.woody stems.

                                                                                                             

E. E. Seeds:Seeds:

                                                                                                                                                  

E. E. Seeds:Seeds: 1. 1. Seed Coat: Protects the seed.Seed Coat: Protects the seed.

                                                                                                                                                  

Seed Coat

E. E. Seeds:Seeds: 1. 1. Seed Coat: Protects the seed.Seed Coat: Protects the seed.

2.2. Embryo: The new plant. Embryo: The new plant.

                                                                                                                                                  

Embryo Seed Coat

E. E. Seeds:Seeds: 1. 1. Seed Coat: Protects the seed.Seed Coat: Protects the seed.

2.2. Embryo: The new plant. Embryo: The new plant.

3. 3. Cotyledon: Stored food for Cotyledon: Stored food for the the

new plant (embryo) when it new plant (embryo) when it starts starts

to sprout and grow.to sprout and grow.

                                                                                                                                                  

Cotyledon

Embryo Seed Coat