plant growth. meristem and growth meristem tissues are perpetually embryonic tissues in plants....
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![Page 1: Plant Growth. Meristem and Growth Meristem tissues are perpetually embryonic tissues in plants. Apical meristems are located at the tips of roots and](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649f515503460f94c73ed7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plant Growth
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Meristem and Growth
• Meristem tissues are perpetually embryonic tissues in plants.
• Apical meristems are located at the tips of roots and shoots, and in the buds. They are responsible for lengthening of primary growth
• Lateral meristems are cylinders along the entire length of the plant. They are responsible for changes in width or girth of secondary growth.
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Herbaceous Plants
• Herbaceous plants are non-woody plants that mainly rely on primary growth.
• They are more likely annuals that complete their life cycle in on year.
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Woody Plants
• Woody plants are perennials that rely on both primary and secondary growth for or more than two growing seasons
• Woody growth helps support the plant in it efforts to reach the sun while also providing protection, insulation, and waterproofing
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Vascular Cambium
• The site of secondary growth is the vascular cambium and the cork cambium
• The vascular cambium gives rise to secondary vascular tissues, while the cork cambium replaces epidermis with periderm (bark)
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Secondary Growth
• Vascular Cambium cells divide and specialize into secondary xylem on the inside and secondary phloem on the outside
• The also generate new vascular cambium laterally as the girth of the tree increases
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Cross Section of Wood
• Heart wood in the center is composed of non-functioning xylem (strong, waste)
• Sapwood to the outside (soft, functioning)
• Bark is composed of cork, cork cambium, and secondary phloem
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Seasonal Xylem Growth
• Early wood grown in during moist conditions form cells that are large in diameter
• Late wood grown in dry periods form cells that are smaller in diameter
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Dendrology
• Successive seasonal changes in moisture produce yearly growth rings in temperate climates. Such patterns can be used to determine the age of the tree