plant classification ap biology unit 5 plant diversity all plants are thought to have evolved from...
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Plant Classification
AP BiologyUnit 5
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Plant Diversity• All plants are
thought to have evolved from ancestral green algae
• Within the plant kingdom, there are many different types
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Algae– NOT a plant!
• Algae is a multicellular protist
• Green algae has many characteristics in common with plants, but also some distinguishing characteristics
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Land versus Water Plants
• What are the advantages of being a water plant? – More access to water– More support (from the
surrounding water) – Water helps disperse gametes
Image taken without permission from http://www.blupete.com/Nature/PictureFlowers/WaterLilyPink2.jpg
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Land Plants
• What are the advantages of being a land plant?– High concentrations of CO2 in
air (compared to water)– More access to sunlight– Initially: less competition for
resources, fewer predators
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Nonvascular vs. Vascular
• Land plants can be classified as vascular or nonvascular
• Nonvascular (Nontracheophyte) = no xylem or phloem
• Vascular (Tracheophyte) = has a xylem and phloem
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Nonvascular Plants
• No internal transport system
• Smaller in size
• Grow in large, dense mats
• Have rhizoids = structures that help anchor the plant into the ground
• Ex. Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts
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Question…
• Why can’t nonvascular plants be very tall?
• Without xylem and phloem, they are unable to transport water and nutrients efficiently throughout the plant can’t grow as tall since they can’t get the water up very high.
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Vascular Plants
• Vascular tissue used to transport water, minerals, sugar, hormones
• Have the potential to grow taller
• Can be further divided into seed and nonseed plants
• Ex. Ferns, conifers, flowering plants
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Vascular Plants- Nonseed plants
• Pterophytes (Ferns)– Have a xylem and phloem– Do not have seeds to protect plant embryo
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Vascular Plants- Seed plants
• Gymnosperms (Conifers)– Seed is not protected by fruit– Has cones
• Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)– Seed is further protected by a
fruit– Has flowers