Plant Plant BiotechnologyBiotechnologyPlant TransgenesisPlant TransgenesisWillie ParrimanWillie Parriman

What is Plant What is Plant transgenesis?transgenesis?

Plant transgenesis the transfer of genes Plant transgenesis the transfer of genes to a plant directly. to a plant directly.

This enables us to create different kinds This enables us to create different kinds of plants that we aren't able to produce of plants that we aren't able to produce with regular hybridization ways.with regular hybridization ways.

MethodsMethods

Cloning Cloning Protoplast FusionProtoplast Fusion Leaf Fragment TechniqueLeaf Fragment Technique Gene GunsGene Guns Chloroplast EngineeringChloroplast Engineering Antisense TechnologyAntisense Technology

CloningCloning

Many different types Many different types of plants can of plants can regenerate from a regenerate from a single cellsingle cell

Plant cloning is a Plant cloning is a way easier process way easier process then animal cloningthen animal cloning

This is a natural This is a natural ability for a plant so it ability for a plant so it makes them idealmakes them ideal

Researchers can see Researchers can see the genetic the genetic modification in a very modification in a very short time after a short time after a new plant matures new plant matures fast.fast.

Protoplast FusionProtoplast Fusion

CallusCallus-mass of cells -mass of cells will grow on an will grow on an injured plantinjured plant

Cell wall is dissolved Cell wall is dissolved with with cellulasecellulase an an enzyme leaving enzyme leaving behind a protoplast behind a protoplast which is fused to which is fused to another speciesanother species

Leaf Fragment TechniqueLeaf Fragment Technique

Small disks are cut from a leafSmall disks are cut from a leaf Cultured in genetically modified Cultured in genetically modified

AgrobacterAgrobacter AgrobacterAgrobacter-soil bacterium-soil bacterium Growth hormones added which are nurse Growth hormones added which are nurse

cellscells

Gene gunGene gun

A force of Helium A force of Helium drives the particles to drives the particles to accelerationacceleration

DNA coated particles DNA coated particles are shot through the are shot through the cell wallcell wall

Biolistic Process-A Biolistic Process-A cross between cross between biology and ballisticsbiology and ballistics

Chloroplast EngineeringChloroplast Engineering

DNA in the DNA in the chloroplast accepts chloroplast accepts many new introduced many new introduced genes at one timegenes at one time

No chance that the No chance that the genes will be blown genes will be blown off to other cropsoff to other crops

Antisense TechnologyAntisense Technology

Keeps plants such as Keeps plants such as tomato plants ripe up tomato plants ripe up to weeks to weeks

Using Agrobacter Using Agrobacter researchers researchers inactivated the inactivated the process of decay and process of decay and made it slow way made it slow way down.down.

BenefitsBenefits

Vaccines for plantsVaccines for plants Stops virusStops virus

Genetically modified Genetically modified PesticidesPesticides Defense against insectsDefense against insects

Safe storage of foodSafe storage of food avidinavidin-a protein found in -a protein found in

egg whites-from egg whites-from transgenic corntransgenic corn

Herbicide resistant cropsHerbicide resistant crops Resistant to glyphosate a Resistant to glyphosate a

common herbicidecommon herbicide

Stronger fibersStronger fibers Classic breeding-1.5%Classic breeding-1.5% Up to 60 % strongerUp to 60 % stronger

Enhanced NutritonEnhanced Nutriton Golden rice-contains beta Golden rice-contains beta

carotene-body converts to carotene-body converts to vitamin Avitamin A

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Human Health Human Health

Environmental Environmental concernsconcerns

People against People against genetically genetically manipulating these manipulating these plantsplants

Could kill of insects Could kill of insects or animals that eat or animals that eat the plants such as the plants such as butterflies from cornbutterflies from corn

““Super weeds”Super weeds”

conclusionconclusion

DefinitionDefinition MethodsMethods Benefits Benefits DisadvantagesDisadvantages

QuestionsQuestions

Concerning human health do you think we have to Concerning human health do you think we have to worry about the genetic manipulation of food?worry about the genetic manipulation of food?

-ex. Soybean contained genes from the brazil nut that -ex. Soybean contained genes from the brazil nut that people have allergic reaction topeople have allergic reaction to

Even though this technology can cut back on the use of Even though this technology can cut back on the use of chemicals on crops do you think it will cause problems chemicals on crops do you think it will cause problems for the environment?for the environment?

-ex. “super weeds” could breed from different crossing -ex. “super weeds” could breed from different crossing of genes of genes

BibliographyBibliography

http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pubs/preshttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pubs/press/1999/genegun.htmls/1999/genegun.html

http://www.escience.ws/b572/L20/L20.hthttp://www.escience.ws/b572/L20/L20.htmm

Introduction to biotechnology. Thieman Introduction to biotechnology. Thieman J., William and Palladino A., Michael.J., William and Palladino A., Michael.

http://micro.sci.ku.ac.th/personnel/STL/http://micro.sci.ku.ac.th/personnel/STL/haloyst/img008.JPGhaloyst/img008.JPG

/