plant and soil science. the plant kingdom plants are found in biomes from the tundra to the desert....
TRANSCRIPT
The Plant KingdomPlants are found in biomes from the tundra to
the desert. Four Major Groups of plants: mosses, ferns,
gymnosperm, and angiosperm.
Gymnosperm: produce plants that produce seeds on the scales of cones. Ex. Pine, spruce, fir
The Plant KingdomAngiosperm: Flowering plants
Ex. Corn, wheat, apples, petunias, oak Two Classes
Monocots: send up a single cotyledonLong narrow blades, with parallel veins,
flowers in multiples of three, vascular bundles are scattered
Dicots: send up two cotyledonsBroad leaves, netted veins, vascular
bundles in a circle, flowers in fours or fives
The Plant Kingdom- Life CyclesLife Cycle: the time from when a plant begins
growing until it dies
Annual: germinates, grows, and reproduces in one year.
Biennial: two growing seasons, first year they grow, second year they reproduce.
The Plant Kingdom- Life CyclePerennial: life cycle of two or more years
Herbaceous: soft shoots that are killed by frost. Send up new shoots in the spring
Woody: trees, shrubs, and vines above ground that survive winter
Hardy: how tolerant to cold a plant is
Structures- Roots Most roots found in top 2 feet of soil
Primary root (radical) is the first root put out by the plant
Root hairs are near the growing tip of the root and increase surface area for absorption.
Structures- Roots Root Systems
Tap Root Thick main root that grows straight down Can work for storage
Ex. Carrots, beets, and radishes Fibrous Root
Branching slender roots Less tolerant of dry conditions Hold soil in place, and prevents erosion
Structures- Roots Secondary roots: branch off the primary root
Root cap: tip of root, protects root from soil as the root grows
Structures- Stems Conducting food and water
Two types of conductive tissue- Xylem and Phloem
Xylem Transports water from the roots up to the leaves
Phloem Transports food to the roots and other parts of the
plant
Structures- Stems/ BudsBuds- contain undeveloped leaves, stems, or
flowers. Bud scales protect the bud.
Terminal bud: large tip of the twig, the growing tip, contains the apical meristemApical meristem is the primary growing point
Lateral buds are located along the sides of the branch
Structures- Modified Stems Some stems have been modified for food
storage and underground growth
Bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers are all examples of modified stems
Structures- Modified Stems Rhizomes- underground stem that produces
branches, irises and lily of the valley
Structure-LeavesComprised of specialized
cellsEpidermis-protective
layers
Cuticle-waxy coating
Stomata-pores allowing O2, CO2, and H2O exchange
Guard cells-controls stomata
(xylem and
phloem)
Structure-LeavesPhotosynthetic tissues
Mesophyll- “Middle of the leave” Bulk of Photosynthesis Palisade layer Spongy layer
Structure-LeavesSimple leaves
Single leaf blade and petiole
CompoundPetiole, 2 or more
leaves called leaflets
Broadleaf Plants- wide flat leaves
Structure-LeavesDeciduous
Looses leave in FallEvergreen
Keep leaves year round
Narrow leaf plants- needle or scale shape leaves
Structures- FlowerFemale- Pistil
Stigma- Top sticky portion to catch the pollen
Style-Tube that carries the pollen to the ovary
Ovaries-Where the seed will develop