PLANNING THEORIES IN THE

CITY UJJAIN

Submitted to ALKA BHARAT MA’AM submitted by PRAVEEN

MUKATI 141109029

MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL (M.P)

INTRODUCTION

• Ujjain (also known as Ujjaini, Avanti) is an ancient city of central India, in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. Situated on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River, the city was called Ujjayini in ancient times .

• It is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, and the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held here every twelve years.

• the city has been a seat of learning where all disciplines of knowledge have flourished since time immemorial. Great poets like Vedavyasa and Kalidasa have eulogized the city.

• The holy city of Ujjain is a popular religious centre, well known for its temples.

• a major trading centre in agriculture produce and is the second largest city of "Indore Agro Industrial Region

• developed into two parts: old city having Mahakaal tempt he strong religious and heritage image of the city.

• markets and trade are the main resources of economy for Ujjain

LINKAGES OF CITY

• Ujjain is the only place of great sanctity and hence attracts devotees for almost all The major festivals like Amavasya, Shivaratri, Panchakroshi, Nagpanchami etc. Thus, there are occasional peak demands on the transport network.

• Ujjain region would include the seven districts of Indore, Ujjain, Dewas, Mandsaur, Ratlam, Dhahran Jhabua.Along with Indore and Dewas,

• Ujjain is among the three most important centers in this region Bhopal Ratlam broad-gauge railway line passes through it and the NH3 is only35 kms, away. Besides the sensational connections, there are many state level highways linking it to the major regional and state centers

UJJAIN PLANNING AREA AND MUNICIPAL AREA

• The Ujjain municipal area has 54 wards with a total area of 9268.10 hectare (92.68 sq.kms) and population of 430427 according to 2001 census.

STAGES OF GROWTH-• Pre 1938 period: During this period, Ujjain was the capital of

Lashkar or Gwalior. It was under the rule of Scindias’. UJJAIN developed its identity as a great religious and cultural centre as well as an emerging centre for the textile industry.

• 1938 to 1968: the emergence of Freeganj area as a major commercial area. Major educational institutions like Vikram University, Government polytechnic, Engineering College and Industrial Training Institute also came up.

• 1968 to 1979: residential and industrial areas was followed by developments in NE and NW parts.

• 1979 to 1985: in residential, institutional and industrial areas occurred in the northeast followed by development in residential areas increase in the southeast.

• UDA Came up and public housing became a major criterion for development. New private residential colonies started coming up

COMPARE CITY UJJAIN WITH HOYT SECTOR MODEL

• Ujjain city which has a settlement pattern which is along the transport routes like railways and roads and river the growth of the city is in linear and wedge-shaped pattern.

• city started developing on southern side during Scindias period and grown in a horizontal or ribbon like form along the railway line.

• city follows the Hoyt sector model theory because of the settlement pattern of the city is along the railway line.

• is connected to various major nodes in the region through five radial roads and a broad gauge railway line to Bhopal.

UJJAIN HOYT SECTOR MODEL

SECTOR MODEL

• Theory of urban structure also known as Hoyt Model developed in 1939 by Homer Hoyt states that a city develops in sectors, not rings certain areas are more attractive for different activities because of an environmental factor or by mere chance.

• Hoyt modified the concentric zone model to account for major transportation routes according to these model most major cities evolved around the nexus of several important transport facilities such as railroads, sea ports, and trolley lines that emanated from the city's center.

• Hoyt theorized that cities would tend to grow in wedge-shaped patterns, or sectors, emanating from the CBD and centered on major transportation route

CONTI….

• The theory is based on early twentieth century rail transport and does not make allowances for private cars that enable commuting from cheaper land outside city boundaries. This occurred in Calgary in the 1930s when many near-slums were established outside the city but close to the termini of the street car lines. These are now incorporated into the city boundary but are pockets of low cost housing in medium cost areas.

GROWTH PATTERN OF THE CITY

• . The city has developed in the form of sectors’• The city can be clearly divided into two parts -One being the old city,

which lies north of the Broad gauge railway line: This comprises of the old historic and religious area along with the old industrial area.

-The other being the new area : started developing with the construction of the railway bridge in 1930’s. of Freegunj area as a residential and commercial area, accessible by three major roads: Dewas road, Maksi road and Indore road

• The development of this area has been dictated by the flow of river Kshipra, the location and pilgrimage routes of the historic temples

GROWTH PATTERN OF THE CITY

ANCIENT HISTORY

WEDGE PATTERN ALONG WITH RADIAL SHAPE OF THE CITY

KEVIN LYNCH IMAGE OF CITY• The built form of Ujjain is mosaic of

various periods of building construction

• densely located buildings which open out on narrow streets.

• building shows amalgamation of Maratha and Rajput architecture with timber detailing

• developing on southern side during Scindias period with the development of Freeganj. It has grown in a horizontal or ribbon like form along the railway line.

• The Kothi Palace of Scindias is an amalgamation of Rajput and gothic styles and has an entrance influenced by the Buckingham palace.

KEVIN LYNCH IMAGE OF CITY

ABOUT THE HERITAGE

• Ujjain represents a city rich in both heritage and religion, bound together by a culture Drooped in history and tradition so rich that some of its elements are part the most popular Indian legends and consciousness.

• Ujjain in the Development Plan the basic cultural units of the sacred landscape of Ujjain are Identified as 18 Heritage Zones/Areas or Kshetra as shown in the map

• Heritage is the raw material for attracting the tourists and Development of Heritage for tourist Consumption is incorporated in the plan so as to reap the benefits of the investments in Heritage conservation

HERITAGE KSHETRA OVER THE LAND USE MAP

BID RENT THEORY(ALONSO 1964)

• As we compare bid rent theory with the Ujjain city in which city centre is the centre of employment as we move from the CBD the cost of transportation increase and land prices in CBD will decreases.

• Most of retails shops and industries, offices were located in the centre of the city , all compete for the most accessible land within the CBD.

• Land users all compete for the most accessible land within the CBD. The amount they are willing to pay is called "bid rent".  The poorest houses and buildings would be on the very outskirts of the Ujjain city.

• Agricultural production is more in the Ujjain city people from outer Areas or village came from Ujjain city for the selling of goods. The City is major trading centre in agriculture produces and is the second largest city of "Indore Agro Industrial Region”. Tourism, Agricultural markets and trade are the main resources of economy for Ujjain