planning monitoring training for team sports

7/29/2019 Planning Monitoring Training for Team Sports

1/52

Planning & MonitoringTraining for Team Sports

Ben Dascombe BHMSc (Hons)

School of Health and Human Performance

Central Queensland University


2/52

Proposed Outline

Training revision

Why plan training?

What do we need to know to plan?

Planning definitions and structure

Monitoring training

Maximising training for team sports


3/52

What do we know about

training??

We need to know how to drive before we get behind the wheel


4/52

Basic Principles of Training

Time

Capacity

Training

Adaptation

Optimum time

between bouts


5/52

Basic Principles of Training

0.0

20

40

60

100

80

Competitiv

eFitness

(%p

otentia

lgained)

20

40

60

100

80

%C

hanceofsetback

Training Stress

(miles /week)

10 50 907030 40 6020 80

Principle 4

Less benefit for timespent training when

you are fitter

Principle 5 Bigger chance of

injury the more youtrain

100


6/52

We Train Hard

Effect on

Performance

Fitness+

Fatigue+

+ -

Morton (1997)


7/52

1 2 3 4 5

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

CyclingSpeed(km

hr-1)

Trial

Standard

Training

Increased

Training

Reduced

Training

*

*

**

Figure 1: Influence of intensive training subsequent recovery on performance in cyclists.

Jeukendrup et al., (1994)


8/52

Factors Affecting Sports Performance

PhysiologicalPerformance

Strength

Power

Speed Coordination

Quickness

Sport Specific Skill & Technique

Sports Performance

Agility

Flexibility Aerobic Capacity

Opposition &External Environment


9/52

Why plan?

Continual evaluation & modification makes an effective coach


10/52

Why Plan Training?

Effective planning is a critical component of:

Optimal skill development

Optimal physical development

Optimal psychological development

Optimal tactical development

Optimal performance


11/52

What do we need to knowbefore we plan?

How do you know if you need to wear a raincoat or not?


12/52

Important planning considerations

What are performance targets?

Important competitions

Strengths & weaknesses

What are the specific physiological, psychological,technical and tactical requirements?

Best methods of training / tactics etc.

Appropriate time frame to achieve goals

Monitoring fatigue


13/52

Team Sports

Intermittent sprints

2-4% time spent sprinting

Mostly endurance based

What about:

Tackles

Sprints

Agility

Change of speed?


14/52

20

40

60

80

100

Exercise

Intensity(%)

Road cycling

Netball Basketball

VO2max

Time

Rugby League


15/52

Russell & Coutts (2005)

Author(Year)

SportNo. of

Subjects

No. ofmatches

monitored

Level ofAthletes

HIA(km)

Sprinting(km)

SprintingAverage

Duration (s)

ActivityChanges

Ave. TimeChange in

Activity(s)

DistanceCovered

(km)

Krustrup &Bangsbo(2001)

Soccer

(Referee)

27 4312 top-class

15 high-level

0.37 0.03

0.45 0.03

0.15 0.02

0.18 0.02

1.90 0.10

1.70 0.10

-

1273 37

-

4.1*

10.19 0.16

9.94 0.19

Mohr et al.(2003)

Soccer(Female)

18 18 High-level 1.30 0.10 0.37 0.05 - 1459 23 3.7* 10.43 0.15

Keane etal.

(1993)

GaelicFootball

16 8Inter-county

League1.08 0.31 0.32 0.13 2.15 0.50 925* - -

Mohr et al.(2003)

Soccer 42 7

18 top-classprofessionals24 moderateprofessionals

2.43 0.14

1.90 0.12

0.65 0.06

0.41 0.03

2.00 0.00

1.90 0.00

1346 34

1297 27

3.5 0.1

3.6 0.1

10.86 0.18

10.33 0.26

DOttavio &Castagna

(2001)

Soccer(Referee)

18 Season Elite-level 1.56 0.49 0.61 0.37 - - - 11.38 1.60

Castagna

et al.(2002a)

Soccer(Referee) 22 Season Elite-level 1.58 0.41 0.40 0.27 - - - 11.64 0.94

Dawson etal. (2004b)

AFL(Midfield)

3 6 Elite-level 2.90* 0.36* - - - 16.98*

Spencer etal. (2004)

FieldHockey

14 1 International - - 1.8 0.4 780* 5.5* -

Summary of Activity Profile of Team Sports


16/52

Coutts et al., (2003) JSS

Typical Blood Lactate Levels in Team Sports


17/52

Coutts et al., (2003) JSS

Typical Heart Rate Responses in Team Sports


18/52

Definitions


19/52

Definitions

1. The basic block of the training structure, usually a training week , is

referred to as a microcycle (means small cycle)

2. Microcycles form the building blocks for a discrete unit of training, usually

a few weeks in duration, termed a mesocycle (means medium cycle).

3. A number of repeated mesocycles make up macrocycle (means large

cycle).

4. Finally, three or more macrocycles make up the training year or annualplan.


20/52

The Annual Plan

Three main training phases in any annual training plan:

Preparatory phase (preparation)

Competitive phase (competition)

Transition phase (off-season)

The preparation phase is normally divided into general and specific preparation sub-phases.

Similarly, the competition phase is also further divided into:

Pre-competitive and Competitive sub-phases .

Each of the phases and sub-phases is composed of smaller cycles (periods of time) in orderto make the organisation and planning of the program more systematic and manageable


21/52

Macro

Cycles

Meso

Cycles

Micro

Cycles

General Preparation Specific PreparationPre-

Competitive Competitive Transition

THE ANNUAL TRAINING PLAN

TransitionCompetition PeriodPreparation PeriodPhases

of

Training


22/52

Macrocycles

General Preparation

Specific Preparation

Pre-Competitive

Competitive

Transition


23/52

General Preparation

Establish foundation for work that follows

Progressive increase in training load

Emphasis placed on general development of physical capacities

(endurance, speed, power, agility etc.)

Development of basic skills (sport specific)

Often termed as base development


24/52

General PreparationGeneral

Preparation

General Preparation


25/52


Develop sport specific performance

Increase skill Depending on sport ~ 2 months in duration

Emphasis of training changes from general training to sport specific

training Research has shown sport specific games may reduce injury rate

in comparison to traditional training (Gabbett, 2002)

Incorporate skill with fitness


26/52


General Preparation



27/52

Pre-Competitive Phase

Mainly applies to individual sports

Training volume reduced, intensity high

Sport specific focus

in tactical and team-play focus

Skill development should be optimised

Power development very important for most sports

Team sports preseason taper??

Depending upon sports: 2-3 weeks


28/52

General Preparation


Pre-Competitive Phase

Pre-CompetitivePhase


29/52

Competitive Phase

Duration dependant on event

Main goal is to produce optimal performances Different goals depending upon sport

Focus of skill and tactics

Refinement of skills Cyclical loading to maintain fitness development

Athletes lose body weight and in performance across the season

Increased importance on monitoring of training and fatigue!!


30/52

Competitive Phase

General Preparation


Pre-CompetitivePhase


31/52

Transition Phase

Off-Season

4-6 weeks

Goal is physiological and psychological recovery

Active to prevent drastic detraining Remedy weakness?

Construct future plans on the basis of results from previous year

Children:

Great chance for them to do other sports learn skills and bring them back

to your sport to improve performance!


32/52

Transition Phase

GeneralPreparation

Specific

Preparation

Pre-Competitive

Phase

2005

GeneralPreparation

SpecificPreparation

2006

Transition Phase


33/52

Transition Phase

GeneralPreparation

Specific

Preparation

Pre-Competitive

Phase

2005

GeneralPreparation

SpecificPreparation

2006

Transition Phase

Pre-Competitive

Phase


34/52

Transition Phase

GeneralPreparation

Specific

Preparation

Pre-Competitive

Phase

2005

GeneralPreparation

SpecificPreparation

2006

Transition Phase

Pre-Competitive

Phase

General

Preparation

SpecificPreparation

2007

Transition Phase

Pre-Competitive

Phase


35/52

1999 CAPRAS TRAINING PLANMONTHS JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY

Monday 4 11 18 24 1 8 15 21 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 11

Microcycle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Calendarof

Competitions and Tours Mackay

Barcaldine

Rest

Toowoomba(A)

Wynnum(H)

Logan(A)

Cairns(H)

Easts(A)

Souths(H)

Wests(A)

Burleigh(H)

Ipswich(H)

Norths(A)

CityvCountry

Redcliffe(H)

Wynnum(A)

Logan(H)

Cairns(A)

Easts(H)

Souths(A)

Wests(A)

Burleigh(A)

Ipswich(A)

Norhs(H)

Redcliffe(A)

Toowoomba(H)

SemiFinal1

SemiFinal2

SemiFinal

GRANDFINAL

Competition Rating

Day / Night D N D N D D D N N D N D N N N D N N N N D N

Saturday / Sunday Sun Sat Sat Sat Sun Sat Sat Sat Sat Sun Sat Sun Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sun SatPROGRAM EVALUATION

Training Phase

Recovery FOCUS - DEVELOP RECOVERY STRATEGY - MAINTAIN

Aerobic Base MAINTAIN MAINTAIN PEAK DEVELOP MAINTAIN

Speed-Endurance DEVELOP MAINTAIN MAINTAIN PEAK TECHNIQUE DEVELOP

Speed DEVELOP MATCH SPECIFIC MAINTAIN - TECHNIQUE - SPEED - SHARPNESS - PEAK PEAK TECHNIQUE

Flexibility DEVELOP FOCUS IN SEASON TO REDUCE INJURY RISK PEAK DEVELOP TECHNIQUE (PNF) FOCUS ON WEAKNESSES

Technique FOCUS & CONSOLIDATE CONSOLIDATE & MAINTAIN THROUGH SEASON PEAK DEVELOP CONSOLIDATE

Hypertrophy MAINTAIN MAINTAIN SIZE THROUGHOUT (DIET FOCUS) PEAK DEVELOP

Strength SPECIFIC MAINTAIN HIGH STRENGTH BASE PEAK BASE - DEVELOP

Power TECHNIQUE DEVELOP FOCUS - SPECIFIC PEAK TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT

SCREENING / TESTING

Training Diary Analysis

Technique Assessment

Physiology Testing

Medical/Musculoskeletal Testing

EDUCATION FOCUS

Microcycle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Training Principles

Nutrition

Psychology

Recovery

Game Preparation

RELATIVE TRAINING LOAD(Scale 1 5)

Microcycle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

100%

85%

70%

55%

40%

25%

Microcycle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Monday 4 11 18 24 1 8 15 21 1 8 15 22 26 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 11

Months JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER


36/52

Monitoring Training


37/52

Monitoring Training Load?

Required to ensure that training stimulus is

appropriate

Too Easy No Fatigue and Adaptation

Just Right Fatigue and Adaptation

Too Hard Excessive Fatigue and Limited

Adaptation


38/52

Monitoring Training

Whats worth monitoring?

Type of training Amount of training (km; kg lifted; repetitions performed)

Training loads (duration x RPE)

Changes in fitness

Changes in performance

Fatigue


39/52

Session-RPE Monitoring

A novel method

Record RPE of session from each athlete

Record duration of session

Training loads (duration x RPE)

Record & monitor

Compare to fitness results

Maximal10

9

8

Very Hard76

Hard5

Somewhat Hard4

Moderate3

Easy2

Very, Very Easy1

Rest0

DescriptorRating


40/52

Monitoring Training

By utilising this method to monitor training, the coach can:

Determine if your athletes are completing the training loads you

planned for (daily and weekly)

Combine training stress from field and gym training into onearbitrary score

Monitor the effect of training loads on performance

Monitor for risk of overtraining

Coutts, A. J. (2001). Monitoring training in team sports. Sports Coach, 24(3), 19-23.


41/52

Session-RPE Monitoring

How hard was training on RPE Scale 1-10?

How long was training in minutes?

RPE Score x Duration = Training Load (AU)

7 (RPE) x 90 (min) = 630 AU

M it i T i i


42/52

Monitoring Training

Coutts, A. J. (2001). Monitoring training in team sports. Sports Coach, 24(3), 19-23.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

7 1

4

2

1

2

8

3

5

4

2

4

9

5

6Time (days)

WeeklyTrainingStrain

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Daily

TrainingLoad

Actual Strain

Proposed Strain

Load

Competitive Games


43/52

How to maximise training?


44/52

Structuring Training Sessions

Warm-Up

Moderate intensity Low skill level

Dynamic stretching (preferred)

Initially avoid ballistic movements (i.e. kicking)

Ensure progressive and competitive!!


45/52


Base development will be similar (Preparation cycle)

Try to incorporate variation (but realise that training is training)

Incorporate training stations

Incorporate interval work (Spencer et al. 2005)


46/52

Interval Work

0-20 21-40 41-60 61-120 >121

Time Interval (sec)

F

requency(%)

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Average rest times between sprints during competitive field hockey

(Adapted from Spencer et al. 2005)


47/52

Interval Work

Energy contribution to a 3 second sprint (Adapted from Spencer et al. 2005)

32%

55%

10%3%

Stored ATP

ATP-PCr Energy System

Glycolytic Energy System

Aerobic Energy System


48/52


Training

Ensure new skill work is performed first

Split into work-groups

Rugby: Forwards Backs

AFL: Forwards/Backs Centres/Wings

Netball: Centre Wings/GA/GD GS/GK

Ensure training distances and intensities arematch specific


49/52

Incorporating Skills with Fitness

A recent study compared the physiological responses of HR,

VO2 during soccer specific training (i.e. skills training)

Found that when planned properly skills training can be used to

be at appropriate intensity to increase fitness!

Great news for athletes!


50/52

Specific Training to Increase Fitness

100 120 140 160 180 200

120

140

160

180

200

5-A-Side Soccer

Dribbling Track

VO2

(mL/0.75kg/min)

Increasing Fitness Zone

Match Intensity

Hoffet al., (2002) BJSM

HR

(bpm)


51/52

Sport-Specific Training

Improve repeat sprint ability (Spencer et al. 2005)

Improve aerobic capacity (i.e. VO2max) (Imperlizzeri et al. 2005)

Decreased risk of injury through anaerobic interval training andsport-specific training (Gabbett, 2002; Verrall et al. 2005)

Increase competitive skills and tactical components (Coutts et al.2005)


52/52

Summary

Prior planning maximises training benefits from small timecommitment

Monitoring of training load helps to monitor fatigue and easilychange training loads

Realise the importance of individualisation within teamsports

Key to success: Integration of skills and fitness!!

planning monitoring training for team sports

Documents