Planning for Resettlement0P 4.12 Instruments

Resettlement and Development

No mitigation: Those losing land must make a sacrifice for national development

Eminent domain: compensation for assets favors relatively well-to-do.

Risks of impoverishment: Recognizing interests of poor and vulnerable, too

Key policy differences: Affected persons versus those with formal rights; stock of assets versus income flows

Risks of Impoverishment

Landless Jobless Homeless Lost access to common resources Marginalization Morbidity/mortality Food insecurity Social/community disarticulation

Key Planning Objectives

Identify adverse impacts for avoidance, minimization or mitigation

Assist affected people to improve, or at least restore, incomes and living standards

Provide arrangements and resources for implementation of mitigation measures

Emerging Issues and Trends

Adapting to changing project portfolio Increasing emphasis on institutional issues and

country context Moving beyond the ‘blueprint approach’ Integrating broader risks and opportunities into

project design

Key Planning Considerations

RP is borrower’s responsibility and borrower’s document

Implementers and affected people should be involved in planning process

Bank acceptance required at appraisal (or prior to subproject approval)

RP: Technical Content

Description of project and impacts Impact avoidance and minimization efforts Census/socioeconomic survey Inventory of affected assets Valuation and compensation methods Relocation site plan (if relevant) Income restoration plan (if relevant) Budget and financial arrangements

RP: Institutional Aspects

Policy and regulatory gap analysis Timetable linked to project implementation Organizational roles and capacity assessment Internal and external monitoring arrangements Consultation and information dissemination Grievance procedures

Recurring RP Issues and Problems

Defining the project: “Indirect impacts” and “linkage” in application of Bank policy

Bridging the gap: Assisting affected persons who lack full legal recognition

Covering all costs: ‘Replacement cost’ valuation, transaction costs and transitional support

Stock and flow: Asset compensation, income restoration, and development opportunities

Resettlement Policy Framework

Prepared when it is impossible to finalize a RP by appraisal

Technical planning cannot be done if location, nature and scale of impacts are not known

RPF establishes principles and procedures for resettlement planning and implementation

Bank acceptance of RP required prior to ‘approval of financing’

Core Content of RPF

Description of project and estimated impacts Explanation why full planning is not possible Key principles and objectives Policy and regulatory gap analysis Plan preparation and approval process Organizational roles and procedures Consultation, disclosure and grievance redress

commitments

Anticipating RPF Transition Issues

RPF is borrower’s document, representing acceptance of policy obligations

RPF provides tentative agreement; RP reviewed and approved based on final design

Over-specification can heighten process burdens and impede effective planning

Resettlement Process Framework

Applicability: Restrictions on access to resources in legally designated parks or conservation areas

Objective: Livelihood restoration “in a manner that maintains the sustainability of natural resources.”

Process Framework Requirements

An acceptable process framework document is required for appraisal.

The framework establishes a participatory process by which appropriate restrictions and mitigation measures, as well as implementation and monitoring arrangements, are to be considered

An acceptable plan of action is required prior to enforcement of restrictions

The plan of action describes specific restrictions, measures to be undertaken to assist affected persons, and arrangements for implementation and monitoring

Contingency and Adaptation

Remedial planning: When impacts are not identified or anticipated

Change of plans: What to do when the blueprint doesn’t work

Resettlement Mantra:Things that Warrant Repeating

Resettlement planning is complicated Behavior is complicated – and contingent Negotiation and consensus are time-consuming Formulating a plan is only the beginning