planning a fall garden mum fertilization program · fertilization program neil mattson assistant...
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Planning a Fall Garden Mum Fertilization Program
Neil MattsonAssistant Professor and Floriculture Extension Specialist
Presented at:
Chrysanthemum Field Day
Long Island Horticultural Research & Extension Center
September 30, 2008
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The Good
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Fertilize to match plant growth
Relative time0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Rel
ativ
e pl
ant b
iom
ass
Transplant
Rapid Vegetative Growth
Finish
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The Plan – Constant Liquid Feed
• Initially– 200-300 ppm N with 20-10-20, 20-20-20 or
15-5-15, etc.– High side for mixes with bark– less than 200 ppm N if controlled release
fertilizers are also used• Once plants are actively growing:
– Rotate in 15-0-15 every third watering– Helps to control stretch
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The Plan – Constant Liquid Feed
• Once buds appear:– Use 15-0-15 continuously
• Pea-sized buds:– Clear water only
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More thoughts…
• Following rainy weather– give them a boost
• Reduce feeding during extreme heat when plant growth shuts down
• Push vegetative growth immediately following transplanting/cool weather –fertilize well to avoid premature budding
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Controlled Release Fertilizers
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Temperature controls rate of release
0
2
4
6
8
10
60 70 80 90Average temperature (°F)
Prod
uct l
onge
vity
(mon
ths)
3-4 month5-6 month8-9 month
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Using Controlled Release Fertilizers for Mums
• Less control– initial may not be enough– can’t slow-down release at the end
• Top dressing/incorporated at medium-high rate– 14-14-14, 15-9-12, etc.
• Distribute evenly so one spot doesn’t get burnt; make sure prills are moistened at each watering
• Make sure micros are included when using a soilless mix
• If using incorporated CRFs - use within one week of mixing; otherwise salts can accumulate and can burn roots
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Other Considerations• During cold temps may
need to supplement with liquid feed to push vegetative growth
• 3-4 month formulations can run out early (high temps)
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Chrysanthemum CRF/WSF Experiment
Source: Mark Bridgen
Cultivar ‘Coparo’
Control: Liquid Feed
Only
CRFOnly
Osmocote Plus 8-9 MonthCRF + WSF
2 wks WSF
4 wks WSF
6 wks WSF
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Combination of CRFs with a Liquid Feed Program
• Research by Dr. Mark Bridgen• CRF only plants (with an 8-9 month
product) were not as large as constant liquid feed plants
• However using liquid feed for the first 4-6 weeks then only media incorporated CRF gave growth nearly as large as constant liquid feed plants
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control
Osmocote Plus 3-4 month Osmocote Plus 5-6 month Osmocote Plus 8-9 month
High Med LowHigh Med Low High Med Low
Research by Dr. Mark Bridgen• Testing 3 different rates of media incorporated CRF
(Low, Medium, High)• And 3 different release periods (3-4, 5-6, and 8-9 month)• Using the High rates suitable plant size was found
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CRF Recommendations
• You CAN grow a mum with 100% Controlled Release Fertilizer.
• Use higher rates: 10-14#/cu.yd– ie, 28-39 g/9”pot
• Or use a lower rate, if a smaller plant form is desired
• Use the 8-9 month formulation• If your mums are looking yellow at the end, hit
them with a liquid feed about 10 days before sale.
‘Sparkle White’
Source: Mark Bridgen
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Are you on track?• Periodic pH and EC (salt) monitoring is
recommended
• pH: 5.5-6.4
• EC (dS/m) SME PourThru– Establishing 0.8-1.5 1.0-2.0– Transplant/Vegetative 1.7-3.0 2.3-4.0– Finishing 0.8-1.5 1.0-2.0
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Of Note:• Avoid water stress – can
reduce flower size and delay flowering
• Low fertility can cause poor plant size and buds not developing on schedule
• High fertility can cause root tip burn and delay flowering
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The Bad
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Low Fertility
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Low Fertility - P
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The Ugly
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Guidelines for foliar analysis values for Chrysanthemums
Samples from the top-most fully expanded leavesNitrogen (N) 4.0 – 6.5 %Phosphorus (P) 0.25 – 1.0 %Potassium (K) 3.5 – 6.5 %Calcium (Ca) 0.5 – 2.0 %Magnesium (Mg) 0.3 – 0.6 %Boron (B) 25 – 100 ppmCopper (Cu) 5 – 50 ppmIron (Fe) 50 – 300 ppmManganese (Mn) 30 – 350 ppmZinc (Zn) 15 – 50 ppm
Source: Plant Analysis Handbook for Georgia, 1988
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IronChlorosis
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Correcting Iron Chlorosis• A problem at high substrate pH which causes
iron to be poorly soluble– correct Substrate pH– nitrogen form (ammonium decreases pH)– acid injection
• Drench with Iron chelate– Solubility depends on pH
• Iron-EDDHA > DTPA > EDTA > Iron Sulfate• Foliar spray of Iron
– Watch out for phytotoxicity!– wash foliage soon after applying
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Magnesium deficiency• 20-10-20, 20-20-20 15-0-15 have very little
Magnesium• A problem at low pH (Mg unavailable) and not
present in water source/fertilizer• Typically a problem when alkalinity is low
– not present in the tap water– low alkalinity low pH
• Supplement with epsom salts (Magnesium sulfate)– Continuous – Every month
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Pythium induced nutrient deficiency
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Pythium Healthy
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Pythium Healthy
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Questions? Neil Mattson [email protected]: http://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu
Please Note – Trade names used in the presentation are for convenience only. No endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products implied.