PLANNINGMeaning of planningPlanning forms that part of management which lays down the objectives and various activities to be done for the attainment of those objectives. Under this it is decided what is to be done, how is to be done, when is to be done and by whom is to be done.

DEFINITION

Planning involves selecting the enterprise objectives, departmental goals, polices, procedures, programs and determining the wages and reaching them.OrPlanning is deciding in advance what is to be done. It involves the selection of objectives, polices and programs from among alternative.

NATURE OF PLANNING> Planning is goal oriented :- management began with planning and planning began with the determination of objectives. In the absence of objective no organisation can ever be thought out: with the determination of objective. The way to achieve is decided in planning.

> Planning is primary function :- it is first important function of management. It is the basic of the management all other function of management are design and attain the goal and set under planning. Planning provides the base for efficient organisation, staffing, directing and controlling.

> PLANNING IS RATIONAL PROCESS :- PLANNING IS MENTAL EXERCISE INVOLVING IMAGINATION, FOR SITE AND JUDGMENT. IT REQUIRE A MENTAL THINKING BEFORE DOING AND ACTING IN THE LIGHT OF FACTS RATHER THAN GUESS.> PLANNING IS CONTINUOUS PROCESS :- PLANNING IS AN ONGOING AND DYNAMIC EXERCISE AS THE ASSUMPTION AND EVENT ON WHICH PLANS ARE BASED IN CHANGE OLD PLANS HAVE TO BE REQUIRE OR NEW ONES HAVE TO BE PREPARED. > PLANNING INVOLVE CHOICE :- PLANNING IS ESSENTIAL CHOOSING AMONG ALTERNATIVES COURSES OF ACTION. PLANNING SUPPOSE THE EXISTENCE OF ALTERNATIVE. THERE ARE NO NEED OF PLANNING IF THERE IS ONLY ONE WAY OF DONG SOMETHING.

> PLANNING IS FORWARD LOOKING :- IT DECIDE PLAN OF ACTION – WHAT IS TO BE DONE, HOW IS TO BE DONE, WHEN IS TO BE DONE AND BY WHOM IS TO BE DONE – ALL THIS QUESTION ARE RELATED TO FUTURE. UNDER PLANNING ANSWER OF THIS QUESTION FOUND OUT , SINCE PLANNING IS CONCERNED WITH FUTURE ACTIVITIES, IT IS CALLED FORWARD LOOKING.> PLANNING IS INTEGRATED PROCESS & MEANS CHANGE PROCESS :- PLANNING IS STRUCTURE PROCESS AND DIFFERENT PLAN CONSTITUTE A HIERARCHY EVER LOWER LEVEL PLAN SERVE AS A MEAN TOWARD THE END OF THE HIGHER PLANS. THIS IS ALL KNOWN AS MEAN CHAIN.> PLANNING IS DIRECTED TOWARD EFFICIENCY :- PLANNING HAS NO RELEVANCE. IT DOES NOT FACILITATE THE ACHIEVEMENT OF OBJECTIVE ECONOMICALLY AND EFFICIENTLY. THE EFFECT OF PLAN IS MEASURED BY HOW MUCH THEY CONTRIBUTE TO OBJECTIVE

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING1. Focus attention on objective and result.2. Reduce uncertainty and risk.3. Provide sense of direction.4. Encourage Enovation and creation.5. Helps in coordination.6. Guides decision making.7. Provides basis of decentralization.8. Provides efficiency in operations.9. Efficient control.

LIMITATION OF PLANNING

1. Planning is time consuming process.2. Inflexibility.3. Lack of ability of plans.4. Environmental constraints.5. Fall cents of security.6. Lack of accurate information.7. Resistance of change.8. Planning reduce creativity.9. Planning does not guarantee success.

TYPES OF PLANNING/HIERARCHYCORPORATE PLANNING

DIVISIONAL PLANNING

LONG TERM PLANNINGMEDIUMTERM PLANNINGSHORT TERM PLANNING

PROCESS OF PLANNING/STEPS OF PLANNING

Identify goals.Developing planning premises.Determination alternatives course of action.Selecting course of action.Formulating derivative plans.

PLANNING PREMISESInternal &External.Tangible & IntangibleControllable & Uncontrollable

VARIABLE OF PLANNING

ObjectivesStrategiesPolicesProceduresRules

ProgramsBudgetsSchedulesProjectsMethods

MULTI USE PLANS SINGLE USE PLANS

Objectives :- Every organization exist to achieve some purpose which are called its objectives. It may be define as the ends, purposes or aim which an organization wants to achieve over the period of time.

Strategies :- It is complex plan for bring the organization from a given posture and position to a desired position in future. It is essentially response to ext. environment forces.

Polices :- A policy is a broad statement of formulate to provide guidance at lower level of management. It defines the area and limit with in which decision can made.

Procedure :- It is a sequence or step to be undertaken to enforce a policy and achieve an objective. It lays down the specific manner to be performed.

Rules :- Rules are prescribed guides for conduct or action they specify work should be done or not in a given situation rules are establish authority.