Plan

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Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)

& ChallengesPlan Kenya Experiences, Achievements,

Challenges

Regional Water & Sanitation Workshop Fairview Hotel – Nairobi

(18th – 21st Oct. 2010)Samuel.Musyoki@Plan-International.orgwww.communityledtotalsanitation.org

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Plan International: Who we are

•Plan is an international humanitarian, child centered, development organization, without religious, political or governmental affiliation;

•Plan’s vision is of a world in which all children realize their full potential in societies that respect people’s rights and dignity;

•75 Years of Existence; 48 Program Countries (13 in ESA Region)

•In since Kenya 1982 (28yrs)

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Plan Kenya: Where we Work

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Country Goal & ProgramsCountry Goal: Transformed Institutions & Societies

That Respect and Fulfil Rights of All Children in Kenya.

Country Programs: Right to

•Health [includes Water & Sanitation]

• Quality Basic Education

• Inclusion & Protection

•Sustainable and Dignified Livelihoods

• Just and Democratic Governance

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Plan Kenya & Others: Long History of Latrine Subsidies

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Let’s Talk About?

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What is CLTS? Community-Led Total Sanitation

A “Participatory and Learning Action” approach based on stimulating a collective sense of disgust, shame and fear among community members as they confront the crude reality about mass open defecation [environmental contamination] and its negative effects on the entire community.

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Underlying Assumptions of CLTSUnderlying Assumptions of CLTS

• No one can stay unmoved

once they discover they are

ingesting other people’s or

their own faeces;

• High sense of shame and

disgust hold the power to

ignite people to take action

and use their resources (not

subsidy) to stop open

defecation and be totally

sanitised;

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CLTS is

•Community-led: They lead and everyone in the community is involved;

•Total: 100% elimination of open defecation & practice of good hygiene;

•Sanitation: Beyond construction of toilet;

•Collective action: Often locally decided and not dependent on external subsidies and prescriptions of solutions.

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CLTS: Sequence of Key Steps

•Pre-triggering: buy-in, selection of sites, training, introduction and building rapport;

•Triggering: Sanitation profile –mapping-calculation of quantities-transect walk- flow-channels-effects-costs-ignition moment-action planning;

•Post-triggering: implementation of Action plans, follow-up, monitoring and documentation.

•Scaling up: Going beyond CLTS…what next?

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Some Photos

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Triggering Responses

Matchbox in a gasstation

Promisingflames

Scattered sparks

Damp matchbox

Triggering produces different responses

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Background to CLTS in Kenya

•With previous pace and approaches, it would take >100 years and >$30 billion (@$100/HH) to achieve total sanitation in RESA;

•Plan RESA ins searched of cost effective, fast and sustainable approaches for accelerating sanitation work;

•Came across CLTS-Origins in Bangladesh and tried with documented positive results in South East Asia seemed promising;

•Plan decided to adopt CLTS as the major approach for sanitation promotion.

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CLTS Timeline in Kenya•Feb 2007: RESA training for 38 participants in Tz-3 participants from Kenya

•May 2007: Plan Kenya Management decides to pilot CLTS in Nyanza, Coast and Eastern regions

•July 2007: CLTS training and triggering in (Arujo village Homa Bay and Jaribuni village Kilifi

•Sept/Oct. 2007: Training and triggering Tharaka Machakos and Kisumu PUs

•Oct. 2007: First village (Jaribuni) attains ODF status

•Dec. 2007: Training and triggering of CLTS in Bondo and Siaya PUs

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CLTS Timeline cont’d•Feb. 08: UKNO/DFID CLTS grant (50,000US$ for Kenya)start-up;

•Mar.08: Plan/IDS AfricaSan CLTS pre-conference workshop;

•Apr.08: Sharing UNICEF regional workshop

•May 08: MOH/PH CLTS training and triggering in Kilifi;

•June 08: Program conference parallel start-up workshop and the plenary session with Robert;

•July 08: RESA CLTS training in Kilifi;

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CLTS Timeline continued

•Aug. 08: ODF verification exercise of 20 villages of Siaya district (near Kogelo);

•Oct. 08: UNICEF/MoPH&S Training in Kisumu

•Nov. 08: World Toilet Week events including the training in Kwale;

•Dec. 08: AfricaSan Durban IDS/Plan pre- conference CLTS session;

•Mar. 09: CLTS Africa sharing event in Kilifi;

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Achievements

• Trained over 600 practitioners (MoPH&S, UNICEF, NGOs, CBOs, local leaders and youth);

•Kilifi became the learning centre early ODF status;

•Over 860 villages in various parts of the country have been triggered & are at different stages towards ODF ;

• To date 146 villages have been declared ODF, in Coast (Kilifi) and Nyanza (Homabay);

•Adoption of CLTS for Rural sanitation by MoPHS- annual targets/CLTS coordination;

•Increased Interest and demand for CLTS-training and support

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Achievements• Change in mindsets & leading to collective action =Increased coverage & use:

Kilifi from 30% to 48% between May 2008-June 2010, Homa Bay- 66 triggered

29 ODF and Busia- 380 triggered 56 ODF

• World Toilet Day celebrated to mark ODF for the past 3 years

• Media buy-in and coverage e.g. partnership with KBC series of “Vitimbi”;

• Networks and partnerships on CLTS have emerged;

• Children and youth participation in CLTS-School-Led Total Sanitation;

• Funding for CLTS, scaling-up, capacity building, advocacy research &

documentation (e.g. DGIS/Plan Netherlands 8.5 million Euro in 8 African

Countries;

• CLTS moving from Rural to Urban and to Schools;

• Establishment of a CLTS unit within Plan Kenya- responding demands

• Systematic documentation of CLTS experiences – PLA CLTS Issue, “Tales of

Shit in Africa”

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CLTS

Cautious about OD

Think aboutresources

Think aboutOptions

Reduced HC cost

Behavioural change after CLTS

PerceptionChange

Planning Phase

Action Phase

ILC&U + BC

Developed

Sanitation

Trigger

ODF

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Challenges•Uptake slow/not the same in the different regions Plan Kenya works;

•Conflicting approaches by different agencies in the sanitation sector.

•The allowance culture: Some are in it for the out of pocket-not passionate or committed;

•Doubt and scepticism among sanitation professionals

•Lack of willingness to let go our professionalism-wanting the communities to start at the top of the ladder;

• Weak M&E and reporting within the mandated institutions;

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Challenges – cont’d•Dependency syndrome in some areas emanating from previous approaches;

•Finding good facilitators: Not all trained find it easy and/or develop the passion to take up the CLTS challenges;

•Triggering without adequate mechanisms for follow-up and support;

•Inadequate support and mentoring of natural leaders;

•Private sector inability to come-up with affordable technological innovations-dependency!

•CLTS health outcomes/Impact research of CLTS intervention on diarrhea control and reduction in child mortality?

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Future

•Citizen Led Total Sanitation –Urban CLTS• Politics and governance of urban sanitation• Land tenure• City planning• Tenancy standards

•Harnessing ICT4D• Mobile/GIS mapping• Partnership with Map Kibera• Next Map Mathare

•Sanitation Marketing/Sanitation Financing-what options for urban informal settlements and small towns

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Many Designs

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Achievements-Triggered plus spill over in Kilifi District

(May -2008-June 2010

Division No.

Villages

Villages

triggered

No. ODF

villages

Villages

below

50%

Villages

above

50%

Latrine

coverage

Kikambala 86 9 0 5 4 51%

Chonyi 57 7 0 0 7 71.9%

Bahari 108 18 0 5 13 63.1%

Jaribuni 34 18 1 8 9 51.5%

Ganze 57 4 0 2 2 60.7%

Vitengeni 181 70 17 0 53 60%

Bamba 87 15 0 15 0 14%

District 610 141 18 35 88 48.5

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Division Pop. HH HH with latrines

as at 1st July 10

Latrine

coverage (1 st

July 10)

HH with

new

latrines

HH with

latrines at

31st …

2010)

% Cov.

ForAug201

0

Chonyi 57234 8776 6366 72.5 23 6406 73

Bahari 121198 17458 10686 61.2 107 11016 63.1

Kikambala 157365 20707 8942 43.2 30 9024 43.58

Ganze 21009 3047 1785 58.6 34 1849 60.7

Bamba 52752 13795 1881 13.6 7 1930 14

Vitengeni 63998 7326 3687 50.3 525 4216 57.5

Jaribuni 18117 2497 1252 50.1 9 1287 51.5

District 491674 73606 34599 47 735 35728 48.5

Kilifi District Latrine Coverage By Division