plan de formación (40h) brussels, 16 september 2013 optimism - optimising passenger transport...
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Plan de Formación (40h)Plan de Formación (40h)
Brussels, 16 September 2013
OPTIMISM - Optimising Passenger Transport Information to Materialize Insights for Sustainable Mobility
Moving towards the livable cityof the future
Francesc RobustéCENIT - BarcelonaTech
2Francesc Robusté – CENIT – UPC Brussels, 16 September 2013
Sustainable, safe and efficient urban mobility (“intelligent”? If it’s cost/efficient)
• Seamless door-to-door mobility• “City” is a generic concept• Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation• Promote and disseminate/share best cases
Common mobility principles for European
cities
World map where distance = $cost
Economic corridors: distortion of physical territory
Economic territory
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• Democratization of the street
• Human / convivial cities• Diversity• Integration• Systems approach• Technology (when is
useful)• Wifi = one more utility• Still basic constraints:
water, energy, emissions, health, safety and security, etc.
European cities as a social project of integration
Integration: a social project
Ildefons Cerdà
“Network Urbanism”
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
Mutation in urban mobility
• Infrastructures services• Objects processes• Static dynamic• Recurrence (commuter, HBM) singularity• Event common
“The city of the future…”is the Mediterranean city!
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What’s the future of urban mobility?
What will probably be NOT the future….
Europe, quo vadis?
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European cities for the people
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
Livable, convivial and efficient cities
Collective taxicabs and microbuses
Carsharing and shared vehicles
Unmanned vehicles
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ICT is strategic for Europe, but just operational in mobilityWe move atoms with energy, electrons and photons
Bangemann Report “Europe and the global
information society” (Corfu, 1994)
% system imple-
menta-tion
Time
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
Civil Industrial ICT
ITS, smart cities… but do we have brains?
time
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
”The end of distance”. 10 million teleworks in 2000
= ?
= ?
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Oops! Forgot the stakeholders’ behavior!Administration, operators, users, citizens
HOVN-VI
Madrid
Behavioral, economic and operational issues
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Re-engineering and systems approachNo epic/bold changes? Re-engineering is radikal!
• Innovation is doing things “right”• Intelligence ITS = R+D+i, multidisciplinary cross-fertilization• Known concepts (functional laws, Economy principles) with “new
chemistry” (reactives + catalyzers) & boosted with ICT and intelligence
• Towards a functional & multi-stakeholder approach to urban mobility
Re-enginering urban mobility
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Mode promiscuity and convergence (1)
pedestrian
bicycle car motorcycle
taxi bus
LRT metro commuterrail
Eco-mobility PV Transit
Rail
shared / public
“BiCiNg”carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
Barcelona, 2008
São Paulo, 2007
LGBT city
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Personalization vs “coolness”
Montpellier
Lyon
Dublin
ParisCan mobility define us?
Barcelona
“Cool!” danger:
TOTO: human biogas
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Mode promiscuity and convergence (2)
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Mode promiscuity and convergence (3)
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Economic principles (1)
Bus Tramway
Metro PV
Demand
AC
Demand
AC
MCTC AC PT
AC PC
€/q(PT)€/q(PC)
q(PC)q(PT)
D to CBD
Land priceTr. cost
Business Poor Rich
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Economic principles (2)
Arthur C. Pigou (1912)
Social equilibrium
flow
Current equilibrium
Flow (veh/h)
Marginal income
(demand)
Marginal (social) cost
Average cost (users)
Tax
Effect
Unit cost
(€/km)
William S. Vickrey (1969)Nobel Prize Economics 1996
Principles of Efficient Congestion Pricing
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Economic principles (3)
Singapur (1975) London (2003) Stockholm (2006) Milano (2008)
Carlos F. Daganzo (1995)
0Restrictions
Pricing 1Mix
Bogotá (1998)
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Public transport interchanges and “city hubs”Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricingTraffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walkingMore quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demandLogistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-workingCarsharing centers
Etc.
Recipes for Sustainable Urban Mobility…
… and “real” planning as opposed to “false” planning:
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ConcentrationDensity
Self-restraintAnisotropy
Functional designFlows and urban services
Networks
City planning and economic territory
Pedestrian “islands”: they “work” when the economic flow is maintained (exchange of car flow by people flow to
maintain the money flow)
Integration vs seggregation
The city as a “large building” converges towards “zoning”....
Ildefons Cerdà´s Eixample in Barcelona = social integration project
City planning
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Eco-mobility
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Netbus : Reinvention and promotion of efficient bus services, competitive with tramways, cars and even metro
• Strategic vs. operational decisions
• Flexibility of buses vs. rigidity of railways
• Energy: hybrid, gas, KAIST, etc.
NB
Public Transport - Transit NB B b T M R t
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• Managed lanes
• Traffic congestion regulation
• Congestion pricing• Emissions (CO2, PM, NOx)• Urban safety
“Cities can regulate congestion with traffic lights
of the XXI century”
“Ring roads and roundabouts can reach gridlock state
independently of the flow”
“A Pareto optimal policy is a mix of charging and rationing”
Value pricing (Pigou, Vickrey)
Speed has a price (economic, social,
environmental)
Traffic
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European Parliament: Future?
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What will likely be In and Out in European cities (2050 scenario)
• IN− Pedestrians− Bicycles, eBicycles, eBikes− Buses, netbus, proximity bus− eCars, eFreight distribution− Carpool and shared vehicles− Managed lanes, VVI, IVI,
unmanned driving− Pricing and fare integration− Planning, land price,
legislation, governance…− Elderly, handicapped & MRP− Urban safety
• OUT− Segways− Kickbicycles, tricycles− Motorcycles with 3 wheels− Lean cars− PRT, AGT, monorails− Tramways (electric BRTs)− Trolley buses− Paratransit with buses− AMW moving walkways− Freight in tramways/ metros− Speed
“In” and “Outs” for the future
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“Barcelona model” of mobility: Safety Sustainability Social equity Efficiency Agreement (deal) and social consensus Metropolitan perspective
Conclusions (1)
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• “Package of soft management measures” in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to hard physical infrastructures of “technology driven innovations”
• Service management (TSM) and shared vehicles and infrastructures
• Re-engineering of current mobility services (netbus, MFD, etc.)• Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior: the livable
and convivial city (social “deal” and consensus)• Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes• Emissions and energy issues will improve but urban safety and
congestion will remain• Major concerns and constraints remain about water, energy and
climate change• Need “functional” laws and governance in mobility• European policy and guidelines regardless of subsidiarity
Conclusions (2)
Plan de Formación (40h)Plan de Formación (40h)
Brussels, 16 September 2013
OPTIMISM - Optimising Passenger Transport Information to Materialize Insights for Sustainable [email protected]+34 93 4017104
Francesc Robusté
Moving towards the livable city of the future
Director of CENIT (Center for Innovation in Transport, Barcelona) and Professor of Transportation at BarcelonaTech. President of the Spanish
Transportation Engineering Association. Expert of World Bank, UN-Habitat, OECD-JTRC, etc. Has SCI publications in Transportation Science, Transportation Research A, B, C, and E, Transportmetrica, IEEE
Transactions on ITS, Journal of Tr. Eng., Tr. Res. Record, etc.