Plan Cost Effective

Construction6831.22

Planning Construction

Plan, Sketch, Drawing• Before starting new construction or

repair jobs of any size, a plan, sketch, or drawing should be made to reduce costs, save time, improve quality of workmanship, and determine the need for the construction or repair projects

Specifications• The best way to guarantee

high quality materials and workmanship in construction projects is to include specifications in plans and contracts

Time to Be Completed

• Time to be completed is a major consideration in planning agricultural construction or repairs because of the seasonal nature of farming

Cost•The cost of a project is an important factor in planning construction

Bill of Materials•A bill of materials is an itemized list of materials and their costs

Calculating Carpentry Materials

Square Foot• Many building materials

are sold by the square foot or in units that combine square footage such as a square or a sheet

Square Foot•A square foot is 1 foot (12”) by 1 foot (12”) or 144 square inches

Length x Width• Calculate number of

square feet by multiplying length times width in feet

• Example: 8 feet x 10 feet = 80 sq. ft.

Length x Width•A 4’ x 8’ sheet of plywood has how many square feet?

•32 sq. ft.

Square of Shingles• A square of shingles has

enough shingles to cover how many square feet

• 100 sq. ft.

Estimating Cost• One story building costs

can be estimated by using sq. ft.

• Example: 1000 sq. ft. x $10/sq.ft. = $10,000

Drawing Construction Plans

Plans• Plans drawn on paper save

time and money because changes are faster and less expensive to make on a plan than on the real structure

Types of Drawings• Types of drawings used in

construction include sketches, hand drafted drawings, and computer assisted drawing

Views and Dimensions

•Many construction drawing are based on view or dimensions

Orthographic•Two dimensional view

Isometric• Three dimensional view

that shows object as a whole instead of parts and shows the object in a form similar to a picture, is drawn to scale

Perspective• Is similar to isometric

because it is three dimensional and appears on the drawing as it does to the eye, but it is NOT drawn to scale

Sectional View•Shows a vertical cross-section of the object

Mechanical Drawings

•Are used when a detailed description is needed

Three-view Drawing

•Is used to show the front, top and end of the object

Constructing a Carpentry Project

Purpose• Purpose of constructing a

project in agricultural mechanics shop is to provide hands on learning or application of what has been leaned in class

ScopeThe size and complexity of a project is its scope

Bird Houses• Beginning students should

start with relatively small and simple projects such as nail boxes, tool boxes and bird houses

Trailers• Advanced students should

choose more challenging projects that use more skills such as storage buildings, trailers, and farm structures

PaintedProjects that will be exposed

to weather should be made from treated wood or should be painted with exterior paint to provide protection for the wood

Depends on Use• The width and thickness of

wood needed for a project or for certain parts of a project depend on the use that will be made of the project

Depends on Use• A work bench or a

livestock or horse barn requires larger sized wood than a bird house or nail box

Use Bolts• Projects made from both

metal and wood should use bolts to fasten the wood to the metal

Starts at the Bottom• Because of the nature of

construction and the law of gravity, construction of a building starts at the bottom and continues to the top

Plan Cost Effective

Construction6831.22