plan b…. the constitutional convention iv.the constitutional convention may 25, 1787 to sept. 17,...
TRANSCRIPT
Plan B….
• The Constitutional Convention
IV. The Constitutional Convention May 25, 1787 to Sept. 17, 1787
A. Who attended
1. 55 delegates from 12 states
a. all whiteb. All malec. Average age—42d. ¾ of the delegates
had beenmembers of the
Confederation Congress
f. For the most part all were rich
B.Major Players
1. George Washington 1732-1799
Presided over Constitutional Convention
Ben Franklin1706-1790
William Paterson1745-1806
The New Jersey Plan
James Madison1751-1836
Father of the Constitution
Drafted Virginia Plan
Edmund Randolph1753-1813
Introduced Virginia Plan
Luther Martin1740-1826
Helped formulate NJ Plan
Alexander Hamilton
1755-1804
The British Plan
Charles Pinckney
1757-1824
Pinckney’s Plan
Introduced Fugitive Slave Clause
Gouverneur Morris
1752-1816
Wrote the
Constitution
Preamble
Roger Sherman
1721-1793
Connecticut Plan
“The Great Compromise”
V. The Conflict over Representation or in other words, how to make a fair Congress
A.Conflict between Big States and Small States
1. Small states were afraid Big states would control the new Congress. Small states wanted equal representation.
a. The New Jersey Plan—Small states wanted
one house where each state had one vote.
2. Big States thought it unfair that small states had so much power. Big states wanted proportional representation.
a. The Virginia Plan—Big states wanted two houses where representation was determined by population..
B.The Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan)
1. Congress would have two houses. Bills had to pass both houses to become law
a. The House of Representatives (Lower House)
i. Elected by the people
ii. Based on proportional representation
iii. The House of representatives had sole authority to start tax or spending laws.
b. The Senate (Upper House)
i. Appointed by the states (then)
ii. Equal representation—two senators for each state
iii. The Senate would confirm all judges and ambassadors and
approve treaties
VI Passing the Constitution
A. State Conventions
1. Madison’s Plan:
a. Each State had to approve the Constitution by calling a state wide
convention. Madison believed that this would allow the most people to vote on the Constitution. The State
legislatures would not vote on the Constitution
b. 9 out of 13 states had to approve the Constitution before it became
law.
3 Major Issues Debated:
•Representation•Slavery •Tariffs
Tariffs (Tax on imported goods)
• Northern states- thought it was important for economy
• Southern states- felt it would hurt their businesses. Didn’t want Nat'l Gov’t to have control over trade
• Result of debate….?
Slavery
• Northern states agreed to the demand of slavery. Constitution states that slavery would not end before 1808.
• Also agreed to the Fugitive Slave Clause
• Then passed the 3/5 Clause
3/5 Clause
• Helped determine the number of representatives a state would have.
• Slaves were considered property so they would be counted as 3/5 a person.
Types of Desired Government
Confederation- States are independent and have control of anything that effects their citizens and territory
Federalism- Dividing and sharing of powers between the central and local governments with some power left to the people.
Who is for and who is against the Constitution
Federalists- Supported the ConstitutionWanted a strong government
Anti-Federalists- Opposed ratifying the Constitution. Wanted a weak government
Read the fine print: The Necessary and Proper Clause and the General Welfare Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause (Article 1)
“The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and
all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or
Officer thereof.”
Issues with this:
Anti-Federalists - clause would grant the federal government too much power.
Federalists -the clause would only permit execution of power already granted by the Constitution.
Alexander Hamilton argued for why the federal government required the powers of taxation. (Hamilton = banks!)
General Welfare Clause aka The Taxing and
Spending Clause (article 1)
It is the clause that gives the government its power of taxation
Anti-Federalists vs. Federalists 1787 – 1788
1. Republican Government only works in small communities. Our Nation is too big for it to work.
1. It will work because our leaders have Civic Virtue
2. National Government would
have too much power 2. That Power is necessary. It is controlled by Separation of powers and Checks and balances.
3. The Necessary and Proper Clause and the General Welfare Clause are too broad.
3. Congress has to have this power. It is controlled by Checks and balances
4. There is too much power in the Presidency. It could become a monarchy
4. No it won’t. The presidents power is controlled by checks and balances, impeachment, and civic virtue.
5. There is no Bill of Rights 5. If you list rights, people will think that you only have those rights.
Anti-Federalists Federalists
The big compromise to ratify was the….
BILL OF RIGHTS!!!!
VII.Political parties
A. The Framers’ Opinion
1. They believed Political parties were dangerous.
2. Madison thought the Constitution could control Political Parties
B. The Birth of Political parties.
Hamilton (Treasury) Jefferson (State)
1. Wanted a strong National Government
1.Wanted a weak National Government
2. Wanted Industry 2. Wanted farming
3. Wanted to interpret the Constitution loosely
3. Wanted to interpret the Constitution strictly
4. Read the “Necessary and Proper” clause to allow for a National Bank
4. Read the “Necessary and Proper “clause to NOT allow a National Bank
5. Supported England 5. Supported France
Hamilton Jefferson
Hamilton Federalists Hamiltonians
Jefferson Democrat -RepublicansJeffersonians