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Plagiarism, MLA Formatting and Embedding Quotes (Concrete Details) Slide 2 Plagiarism Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gC2ew6qLa8U INTENTIONAL plagiarism Slide 3 What is Plagiarism? Check for Understanding: Take 3 minutes (quietly with a partner if needed), to create a working definition of what plagiarism is and how to recognize it. Slide 4 What is Plagiarism? plagiarism (noun) 1. an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author Synonyms: appropriation, infringement, piracy, counterfeiting; theft, borrowing, cribbing, passing off. 2. a piece of writing or other work reflecting such unauthorized use or imitation: These two manuscripts are clearly plagiarisms, the editor said, tossing them angrily on the floor. Slide 5 Many Ways of Categorization / Types of Plagiarism Plagiarism according to Turnitin.com: Cloning CTRL C Find Replace Remix Recycle Hybrid Mashup 404 Error Aggregator Re-tweet Slide 6 Why is avoiding plagiarism important? There are many ways in which different high schools, universities, businesses and other similar institutions define the term, plagiarism. Ultimately, they all honor the belief in intellectual property (which means that if you create it, it belongs to you or your employer in the eyes of U.S. law) Plagiarism policies, academic honesty codes, intellectual property rights all additionally recognize that for something to be yours and be of value to you, you need to have put in most if not all of the work. Copying teaches nothing and adds nothing to a topic or endeavor. Slide 7 Four Major Forms of Plagiarism: Word for Word Plagiarism: Source material is copied word for word without citation or alteration. Ex: Beware the Ides of March. [No quotation marks / text note] Paraphrasing Plagiarism: You rephrase words or sentence structure, but essentially add nothing to the content Ex: Look out for March 15 th ! [Nothing added / no text notes] Mosaic / Patchwork Plagiarism: Stitching together many different sources without adding significant new content or a text note. Ex: Et tu Brute? Look out for March 15 th ! [No original content or proper text notes] Self Plagiarism: Rephrasing or re-presenting work you have done yourself elsewhere in an essay. Ex: The ides of March are important to Caesar. [later in the essay]Caesar believes the ides of march are important. Slide 8 What do you think the four major types of plagiarism are? Check for Understanding: Take 3 minutes to define what you think these types of plagiarism represent: Word for Word Plagiarism: Paraphrasing Plagiarism: Mosaic / Patchwork Plagiarism: Self Plagiarism: Slide 9 Intentional Versus Unintentional Some plagiarism issues are matters of intentional, deliberate misrepresentation, where the person doing the plagiarism was well aware of what they were doing Ex: Buying essay on line, using someone elses research, cutting and pasting chunks of someone elses work Other examples of plagiarism might be unintentional due to ignorance about citing outside sources, accident or oversight. Missing text notes, sources cited incorrectly, paraphrasing that is too close to the original Regardless of reason, you are responsible for avoiding plagiarism in your own work. Slide 10 Summary: What is the difference? Check for Understanding: What is the difference between INTENTIONAL and UNINTENTIONAL plagiarism? Take 3 minutes to summarize what you think these terms mean. Slide 11 Plagiarism and Jane Schaffer As we will see in coming slides, using two items in a Jane Schaffer chunked paragraph goes a long way towards assuring that you are not guilty of plagiarism. These are: TEXT NOTES A WORKS CITED PAGE Generally speaking, if information does not come from your own head, you must either discard it or cite it. Slide 12 Plagiarism and Jane Schaffer Quotations you take from the play; Julius Caesar should be considered Concrete Details in Jane Schaffer language and should be cited properly in your paper. Quotes are one example of how you can use information from a source to support your argument. This is also called: TEXT-BASED EVIDENCE. Slide 13 Using 2-Chunk Format to construct a body paragraph 2 Chunk Format body paragraph: Topic Sentence (TS) 1 st Concrete Detail (CD) In this case, a quote from the passage Commentary (CM) Your reflections / explanation of quote Commentary (CM) 2 nd Concrete Detail (CD) Commentary (CM) Concluding Sentence (CD) Slide 14 Using 2- Chunk Format to construct a body paragraph Shorthand structure of 2 chunk paragraph: TS Topic Sentence CD Concrete Detail (Quote) CM - Commentary CD Concrete Detail (Quote) CM - Commentary CS Concluding Sentence Slide 15 Using 2-Chunk Format to Construct a body paragraph Check for Understanding: How many quotes (direct or paraphrased) should a Jane schaffer 2-chunk paragraph have? What J.S. term is used to describe them? Check for Understanding: What does ANY quote (direct or paraphrased) need to have to avoid plagiarism? Slide 16 Consequences of Plagiarism Shakespeare plagiarized, but you are not Shakespeare! We live in a day where there are computers, printing presses and MOST people are literate (can read and write). Modern people CARE about whether their ideas are being stolen intentionally or unintentionally. Plagiarism is a considered dishonest and a type of fraud. Slide 17 Consequences of Plagiarism Like any dishonesty, there are consequences for plagiarism: In an academic setting, you could fail an assignment and as a result an entire class. In college, you could be expelled! In a business setting, you could lose your job and possibly be vulnerable to lawsuits regarding your dishonesty. Bottom line: Dont do it! Slide 18 Consequences of Plagiarism Check for Understanding: Why is avoiding plagiarism so important both in the world of academics and the world of work? Slide 19 PRACTICE Here is an original quote: Selling a product successfully in another country often requires changes in the product. Here is a students use of that quote: To sell a product successfully in another country, you need to change the product. Is this plagiarism? Explain why or why not. Slide 20 Practice It is plagiarism (intention unclear). The ideas are the same almost identical. The wording is too similar (successfully, in another country). The length is too similar to the original. Only minor changes were made. It lacks a proper text note to indicate the author / source. Slide 21 What is the MLA? M.L.A. stands for Modern Language Association The M.L.A. consists of academics and writers who set uniform standards for academic writing (style guides) They insure uniformity and clarity when teachers and academics are judging your work. M.L.A. is not the only citation / attribution system. There are others such as Chicago Style or APA Style. Always follow the style specified by your teacher! Slide 22 MLA Format for Citing Sources We will focus on the two forms of MLA formatting that you will need to know to avoid plagiarism: Books There are many subsets of books (anthologies, books by multiple authors, multi-volume books, etc.) Each type of book has different MLA expectations in terms of style Internet There are many variations on internet resources, so be sure you are citing the one you are using properly (Ex: databases, metasites, 2 nd party publishers, etc.) Slide 23 MLA Format for Citing Sources With a Works Cited page, formatting is important! Be sure to put proper punctuation where it belongs (periods, commas, etc.) Style guides change over time, so always be sure that you have either your teachers expectations or the most current version of the MLA style guide. For example, the internet is not uniform in how it represents authorship and origin, so you might need to omit some information if it is missing. Slide 24 Books Minimally, you will need the following information: 1) Author(s) 2) Book title 3) Publisher 4) Date of publication 5) Page number(s) / Line number(s) if appropriate. A Works Cited citation might look like this: Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Slide 25 Internet Minimally, you will need the following information: 1) Author and/or editor names (if available) 2) Article name in quotation marks (if applicable) 3) Title of the Website, project, or book in italics. 4) Any version numbers available, including revisions, posting dates, volumes, or issue numbers. 5) Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date. 6) Take note of any page numbers (if available). 7) Medium of publication. 8) Date you accessed the material. 9) URL (if required, or for your own personal reference; MLA does not require a URL). A Works Cited citation might look like this: The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 23 Apr. 2008. Slide 26 Text Notes When using a quote from a source, it MUST be followed by a TEXT NOTE A Text Note is a short-hand reference to where the information came from and usually keys into a WORKS CITED PAGE at the end of your essay / written work. Slide 27 Text Notes A text note for a book might look like this: Ex: Beware the ides of March. (Shakespeare 716). Note: No commas, # signs, or Pg. Just the author and page number A text note for an internet site might look like this: Ex: Beware the ides of March. (Julius Caesar) Note: The title in parentheses should match the title of the webpage on your Works Cited page Slide 28 Resources If you are not sure what to do: Ask an English teacher (follow the rules of each teacher) Visit the Theme Readers in the LRC Use an on-line resource such as the On-line Writing Lab (O.W.L.) offered by Perdue University Buy / use an MLA style guide CAUTIOUSLY use internet resources such as Citation Machine, Son of Citation Machine, or Easybib. Be sure they are accurate before you use them to make a Works Cited page! Slide 29 Embedding Quotations When paraphrasing an outside source, you do not need quotation marks, but you DO still need text notes. When using a direct quote in a sentence, you should include it in your sentences in a way that it: Doesnt seem to stand by itself without context and, Blends seamlessly with your own previous and following thoughts related to the quote as they appear in the sentence. Slide 30 Embedding Quotes Here are six useful rules for embedding your quotes: You should generally start the sentence with your own words. You should use present tense verbs Ex: Antigone shows instead of Antigone showed You may need to use transitional words / phrases to lead into the quoted portion of your sentence. Dont use unclear pronouns if avoidable (he/ she / it) Use third person point of view (no I or You) It should be clear through the use of quotation marks what is yours and what belongs to your source. Slide 31 Embedding Quotations If a quotation is less than three lines long, place it within the paragraph. Make sure your punctuation for it follows this pattern, with the notation of your source within the sentence: "Quotation," (Author 3)3 indicating page number. If the quotation is over 3 lines long, indent the whole passage five spaces from the margin. In this case, do not use quotation marks and make sure your notation of author and page number within parenthesis is placed outside the sentence Slide 32