placementpapers -- cts

8/13/2019 Placementpapers -- CTS

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CTS campus recruitment aptitude questions previously asked shared bydifferent candidate all over India

VERBA SECTI!" #$% questions&$%min'

Directions for Questions 1-5: Read the passage and answer the questions that followon the basis of the information provided in the passage.

For a period of more than two centuries paleontologists have been intrigued b thefossili!ed remains of pterosaurs" the first fling vertebrates. #he issues" which pu!!le

them" are how these heav creatures" having a wingspan of about $-1% metersmanaged the various problems associated with powered flight and whether these

creatures were reptiles or birds.&erhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that the were

reptiles. #heir s'ulls" pelvises" and hind feet are reptilian. #he anatom of their wingssuggests that the did not evolve into the class of birds. (n pterosaurs a greatl

elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wingli'e membrane. #he other

fingers were short and reptilian" with sharp claws. (n birds the second finger is theprincipal strut of the wing" which consists primaril of feathers. (f the pterosaurs

wal'ed on all fours" the three short fingers ma have been emploed for grasping.)hen a pterosaurs wal'ed or remained stationar" the fourth finger" and with it thewing" could onl urn upward in an e*tended inverted +- shape along each side of the

animal,s bod.(n resemblance the were e*tremel similar to both birds and bats" with regard to

their overall bod structure and proportion. #his is hardl surprising as the design ofan fling vertebrate is subect to aerodnamic constraints. oth the pterosaurs and

the birds have hollow bones" a feature that represents a savings in weight. #here is adifference" which is that the bones of the birds are more massivel reinforced b

internal struts./lthough scales tpicall cover reptiles" the pterosaurs probabl had hair coats. #.0.

0u*le reasoned that fling vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because

fling implies a high rate of metabolism" which in turn implies a high internaltemperature. 0u*le speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss ofbod heat and might streamline the bod to reduce drag in flight. #he recent

discover of a pterosaur specimen covered in long" dense" and relativel thic' hairli'e fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.

ome paleontologists are of the opinion that the pterosaurs umped from s droppedfrom trees or perhaps rose into the light winds from the crests of waves in order to

become airborne. 2ach theor has its associated difficulties. #he first ma'es a wrongassumption that the pterosaurs hind feet resembled a bat,s and could serve as hoo's

b which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. #he second hpothesisseems unli'el because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without

damaging their wings. #he third calls for high aces to channel updrafts. #he

pterosaurs would have been unable to control their flight once airborne as the wind

from which such waves arose would have been too strong./s seen in the above passage scientists generall agree that:

the pterosaurs could fl over large distances because of their large wingspan.a close evolutionar relationship can be seen between the pterosaurs and bats" when

the structure of their s'eletons is studied.the stud of the fossili!ed remains of the pterosaurs reveals how the solved the

problem associated with powered flightthe pterosaurs were reptiles

&terosaurs wal'ed on all fours.


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/nswer : D

/s inferred from the passage" the s'eleton of a pterosaur is distinguishable from thatof a bird b the

length of its wingspanhollow spaces in its bones

anatomic origin of its wing strutevidence of the hoo'li'e proections on its hind feet

location of the shoulder oint oining the wing to its bod./nswer : 3

From the viewpoint of #.0.0u*le" as given in the passage" which of the following

statements is he most li'el to agree with4/n animal can master comple* behaviors irrespective of the si!e of it,s brain.

2nvironmental capabilities and phsical capabilities often influence the appearance ofan animal.

suall animals in a particular famil group do not change their appearance

dramaticall over a period of time#he origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the

outcome of speciali!ation or adaption#he pterosaurs should be classified as birds" not reptiles./nswer :

#he organi!ation of the last paragraph of the passage can best be described as:

6ew data is introduced in order to support a traditional point of view#hree e*planations are put forth and each of them is disputed b means of specific

information/n outline of three hpotheses are given and evidence supporting each of them is

givenDescription of three recent discoveries is presented" and their implications for future

stud are proected

#he material in the earlier paragraphs is summari!ed and certain conclusions arefrom it./nswer :

/ccording to the passage" some scientists believe that pterosaurs

7ived near large bodies of water0ad sharp teeth for tearing food

)ere attac'ed and eaten b larger reptiles0ad longer tails than man birds

3onsumed twice their weight dail to maintain their bod temperature./nswer : /

Directions for Questions 5-18: Read the passage and answer the questions that

follow on the basis of the information provided in the passage./fter his father,s death" writer 7aurence 9ep returned to an Francisco to loo' for the

apartment house where his famil had lived" which also housed their grocer store.(t had been replaced b a two-stor par'ing garage for a nearb college. #here were

trees growing where the store door had been. ( had to loo' at the street signs on thecorner to ma'e sure ( was in the right spot. ehind the trees was a door of solid

metal painted a battleship gra tretching to either side were concrete walls withmetal grates bolted over the openings in the sides. #he upper stor of the garage

was open to the air but through the grates ( could loo' into the lower level. #he


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gra" oil-stained concrete spread onward endlessl" having replaced the red cementfloor of our store. 7ines mar'ed par'ing places where m parents had laid wooden

plan's to ease the ache and chill on their feet. )here the old-fashioned glass storecounter had been was a row of cars. ( loo'ed past the steel (-beams that formed the

columns and ceiling of the garage" peering through the dimness in an attempt tolocate where m father,s garden had been but there was onl an endless stretch of

cars within the painted stalls. )e called it the garden though that was stretching thedefinition of the word

because it was onl a small" narrow cement courtard on the north side of ourapartment house. #here was onl a brief time during the da when the sun could

reach the tin courtard but fuchsia bushes" which loved the shade" grew as tall astrees from the dirt plot there. 6e*t to it m father had fashioned shelves from old

hundred-pound rice cans and plan's and on these ma'eshift shelves he had hisminiature flower patches growing in old soda pop crates from which he had removed

the wooden dividers. 0e would go out periodicall to a wholesale nurser b thebeach and load the car with bo*es full of little flowers and seedlings which he would

lovingl transplant in his shadow garden. (f ou compared our crude little garden to

our own bac'ards" ou would probabl laugh and et the cats in theneighborhood loved m father,s garden almost as much as he did--to his great

disma #he cats loved to roll among the flowers" crushing what were ust about theonl green growing things in the area. ;ther times" the ate them-perhaps as asource of greens. )hatever the case" m father could have done without their

destructive displas of appreciation. ( don,t 'now where m father came b his loveof growing things. 0e had come to an Francisco as a bo and" e*cept for a brief

time spent pic'ing fruit" had lived most of his life among cement" bric'" and asphalt.( hadn,t thought of m father,s garden in ears and et it was the surest smbol of

m father. omehow he could persuade flowers to grow within the old" ellow sodapop crates though the sun seldom touched them and he could coa* green shoots

out of what seemed li'e lifeless stic's. 0is was the gift of renewal. 0owever" though( stared and stared" ( could not quite figure out where it had been. 2verthing loo'ed

the same more concrete and more cars. tore" home and garden had all been torn

down and replaced b something as cold" massive and impersonal as a prison. 2venif ( could have gone through the gate" there was nothing for me inside there. (f (wanted to return to that lost garden" ( would have to go bac' into m own

memories. /ward-winning author 7aurence 9ep did return to his father,s garden inhis memories. (n 1 ofbto?@8@ A0e was a professional

gardener0e wor'ed in a par'ing garage.0e owned a restaurant.0e owned a

store.)hat idea does the stor suggest about the author,s parents4#he both wor'edhard to support their famil#he had encouraged their son to become a writer#he

had not wanted to see a par'ing garage replace their home.#he had been farmersmost of their lives.)hat do ou 'now about the father,s garden4> ofbto?@8@ A(t

grew in spite of being neglected.#he cats would eat all the plants before the grew(tflourished in an unli'el spot.(t didn,t grow well because of lac' of sun.)h are

details about the neighborhood cats included in this stor4#o show how much the garden meant to the famil.

#o show how important this garden was to the author,s father.


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#o show how had the author wor'ed at helping his father.#o show that the author,s father loved animals as well as plants.

Directions for Questions 11-1%:Read each sentence to find if there is an

grammatical error in it. (f there is an error" it will be onl one part of the sentence.#he number or alphabet of that part is our answer.B Disregard punctuation errors if

anC11. ( shall ring him tomorrow in the afternoon.

/ 3 D/ns:

1%. ( enoed during m sta in 2ngland.

/ 3 D/ns:/

Directions for Questions 1E-15: one of the four sentences given in each question is

grammaticall wrong . Find the incorrect sentence.

1E. /C the odds are against him.C 7et me thread the needle .

3C / nurse is ta'ing care of him.DC ( don,t 'now if snow is falling./ns. D

1. /C 7et me put m sign here.

C #hese cattle are mine.cC 0e e*amined the boo' closel.

DC 0e has no 'nowledge of and no interest in music./ns: /

15. /C 0e has no desire for fame.

C ( intend going to 3alcutta.

3C 0e is too miserl to part with his mone.DC 0e has invited me for dinner./ns: 3

Directions for Questions 1G-%8: (n each of the following questions" some sentence

are given which are on the same theme. decide which sentence is the mostpreferable with respect to grammar meaning and usage" suitable for formal writing

in 2nglish. Find the correct sentence.1G. /. ;ur school had won the match if onl we have concentrated .

. ;ur school would have won the match if onl we would have concentrated.3. ;ur school would win the match if onl we had concentrated.

D. ;ur school had won the match if onl we would have concentrated.

2. ;ur school would have won the match if onl we had concentrated.

/ns: 2

1H. /. 0e will not pa unless he is not compelled. 0e will not pa unless he will be compelled .

3 . 0e will not pa unless he is compelledD. he will not pa till he i s compelled.

/ns: 3

1$. /. ince he lac'ed needed mone " he never turned down anone who needed


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%5. 1C two %C there EC some C however 5C countries GC between HC are $C

differences


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/ns: H8.

$. / son and father goes for boating in river upstream . /fter rowing for 1 mile sonnotices the hat of his father falling in the river. /fter 5 min. he tells his father that

his hat has fallen. o the turn round and are able to pic'the hat at the point from where the began boating after 5min. #ell the speed of

river4/ns: G mileshr


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15. ;n which da in Nanuar" ubhas left for =erman4(. ubhas has so far spent 18 ears in =erman.

((. ubhas, friend /nil left for =erman on 15th Februar and oined ubhas %8 dasafter ubhas, arrival.

/ns: D.

Directions for Questions 1G-%8 :3onvert the given binar numbers.1G. B1118 8111C% ? B C1G

/ns: B2HC1G1H. B81811818C%?B C$

/ns: B1E%C$1$. B11118888C%? B C18

/ns:B%8C181


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BDC if neither ( nor (( follows and B2C if both ( and (( follow.1. tatements : ome shirts are biscuits

6o biscuit is boo'3onclusions : ( ome shirts are boo's

((. ome boo's are biscuits/ns: D.

%. tatements : 6o women can voteome women are politicians

3onclusions : ( Iale politicians can vote((. ome politicians can vote

/ns: DE. tatements : 6o man is a don'e

Rahul is a man3onclusions : ( Rahul is not a don'e.

((./ll men are not Rahul/ns: /

. tatements : /ll poles are guns

ome boats are not ploes3onclusions : ( /ll guns are boats

((. ome boats are not guns/ns: D

Directions for Questions 5-G: (n each questions below are given two statementsfollowed b two conclusions numbered ( and ((. 9ou have to ta'e the given two

statements to be true even if the seem to be at variance from commonl 'nownfacts. read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logicall

follows from the two given statements" disregarding commonl 'nown facts.5. tatements : /ll rats are cows

6o cow is white.3onclusions : ( 6o white is rat.

((. 6o rat is white

(((. ome whites are rats(+ /ll cows are rats

/C 6one follows C ;nl ( and (+ follow.3C ;nl (( and (+ follow. DC ;nl (+ follow

2C 6one of these/ns: 2

G. tatements : /ll apples are brinals/ll brinals are ladfingures

/ll ladfingures are oranges3onclusions : (. ome oranges are brinals

((./ll brinals are apples

(((. some apples are oranges

(+ /ll ladfingures are apples

/C 6one follows C /ll follow3C ;nl ( and ((( follow DC 2ither ( or ((( follows

2C 6one of these/ns: /.

DirectionsBH-15C: (n each of the following questions one word is different from the

rest. Find out the word which does not belong to the group


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H. B/C =inger BC #omato B3C 3arrot BDC eet B2C &otato

/ns :

$. B/C FD BC 6R& B3C 07= BDC Q B2C 9)/ns : B3C


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1. )hat happens when the time to be spent on some wor' increases4

/C the wor' is done smoothl. C the wor' is doneleisurel. 3C wor' consumes all the time.

DC #he wor' needs additional time./ns: 3

%. 2*plain the sentence: )or' e*pands so as to fill the time available for its

completion./C #he more wor' there is to be done " the more time needed.

C whatever time is available for a given amount of wor'" all of it will be used.3C (f ou have more time ou can do some wor'.

DC (f ou have some important wor' to do" ou should alwas have some additionaltime.

/ns:

E. )ho is the person li'el to ta'e more time to do wor'.

/C a bus man. C a man of leisure. 3C an elderl person. DCan e*hausted person/ns:

. )hat is the total time spent b the elderl lad in writing a postcard4/C #hree minutes. C four hours and five minutes. 3C half da DCthe entire da.

/ns:D

5. )hat does the e*pression pillar bo* stand for4/C a bo* attached to the pillar. C a bo* in the pillar 3C bo* office. DC a pillar tpe

postbo*./ns: D

)irections for *uestions -&+.,Read the passage and answer the questions that

follow on the basis of the

information provided in the passage. /ccording to /lbert 2instein the nonmathematician" is sei!ed b a msterious shuddering when he hears of ,four-dimensional, things" he is sei!ed b a feeling" which is ver similar to the thoughts

awa'ened b the occult. /nd at the same time the statement that the world in whichwe live is a four-dimensional space - time continuum is quite a common place

statement.

#his might lead to an argument regarding the use of the term ,,commonplace,, b2instein. 9et the difficult lies more in the wording than the ideas. 2instein,s concept

of the universe as a four-dimensional space-time continuum becomes plain andclear" when what he means b ,,continuum,, becomes clear. / continuum is

something that is continuous" / ruler" for e*ample" is a one-dimensional space

continuum. Iost rulers are divided into inches and frwas7ions" scaled down to one-

si*teenth of an inch.

)ill it be possible to conceive a ruler" which is calibrated to a millionth or billionth ofan inch. (n theor there is no reason wh the steps from point to point should not be

even smaller. )hat distinguishes a continuum is the f)/7 that the space betweenan two points can be sub-divided into an infinite number of smaller divisions.

/ railroad trac' is a one-dimensional space continuum and on it the engineer of a

train can describe his position at an time b citing a single co-ordinate point - i.e." a


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station or a milestone. / sea captain" however" has to worr about two dimensions.#he surface of the sea is a two-dimensional continuum and the co-ordinate points b

which sailor fi*es his positions in his two dimensional continuum are latitude andlongitude. /n airplane pilot guides his plane through a three - dimensional

continuum" hence he has to consider not onl latitude and longitude" but also hisheight above the ground. #he continuum of an airplane pilot constitutes space as we

perceive it. (n other words" the space of our world is a three-dimensional continuum.

Nust indicating its position in space is not enough while describing an phsical event"which involves motion. 0ow position changes in time also needs to be mentioned.

#hus to give an accurate picture of the operation of a 6ew 9or'-3hicago e*press" onemust mention not onl that it goes from 6ew-9or' to /lban to racuse to

3leveland to #oledo to 3hicago" but also the times at which it touches each of thosepoints. #his can be done either b means of a timetable or a visual chart. (f the miles

between 6ew 9or' and 3hicago are plotted hori!ontall on a piece of ruled paper andthe hours and minutes are plotted verticall" then a diagonal line properl drawn

across the page illustrates the progress of the train in two-dimensional space-time

continuum. #his tpe of graphic representation is familiar to most newspaperreaders a stoc' mar'et chart" for e*ample" pictures financial events in a two-

dimensional dollar-time continuum. imilarl for the best picturisation of the flight ofan airplane from 6ew 9or' to 7os /ngeles a four dimensional space time continuumis essential. #he latitude" longitude and altitude will onl ma'e sense to the traffic

manager of the airline if the time co - ordinate is also mentioned. #herefore time isthe fourth dimension. (f a flight has to be loo'ed at" perceived as a whole" it wouldn,t

wor' if it is bro'en down into a series of disconnected ta'e - offs" climbs" glides" andlanding" it needs to be loo'ed at and perceived as a continuous four- dimensional

space - time continuum curve.

Following are some sample questions on this passage:

#he significant feature of a continuum" according to the passage" revolves around

#he divisibilit of the interval between an two points. /n ordinar ruler,s caliber formar'ing (ts unending curve (ts lucid from providing comprehensibilit to the non-scientists as well (t,s variet of co-ordinates.

/nswer: /

#he purpose of this passage is to highlight the point that &lots and sea captains havesomething in common toc' mar'et charts ma be helpful to phsicists #he fourth

dimension is time. 6on-mathematician,s are often afraid of the commonplace #hereis a mar'ed qualit to distance

/nswer: 3

/ccording to the passage" an airlines traffic manager depends upon all of the

following 2O32 latitude altitude the time co-ordinate longitude the continuous

curve in co four/nswer: 2

#he underling tone of this selection is persuasive deferential candid instructive

gentl condescending/nswer: D

/ccording to the author if on wishes portra a phsical event in which motion plas arole-one has to Ia'e use of a time-table (ndicate how position changes in time e


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conversant with the scientist,s theories Describe it graphicall e aware of altitude"latitude and longitude

/nswer:

)irections for *uestions ++&+$,Read each sentence to find if there is angrammatical error in it. (f there is an error" it will be onl one part of the sentence.

#he number or alphabet of that part is our answer.BDisregard punctuation errors ifanC

11. ( never have visited or intend to visit foreign countries / 3 D

/ns: 31%. #he clothes were neatl hanged on the cloth line.

/ 3 D/ns:3

Directions for Questions 1E-15: ;ne of the four sentences given in each question is

grammaticall wrong . Find the incorrect sentence.

1E. /C ;ur followers are but a handful. C 6either he nor ( was there. 3C Ian aglorious deeds were done. DC 2verone of the bos loves to ride.

/ns: 31. /C he had finished her wor' when ( met her. C Do ou believe in =od4 3C 0e

cut his hand with a 'nife. DC 0e challenged me for a duel./ns: D

15. /C umit is m elder brother. C 0e is two ears ounger to me. 3C 0e is the

eldest man of this village. DC Ravi is five ears older than me./ns: 3

)irections for *uestions +-&$.,(n each of the following questions" some

sentence are given which are on the same theme. decide which sentence is the most

preferable with respect to grammar meaning and usage" suitable for formal writingin 2nglish. Find the correct sentence.1G. /C From which train did ou come4

C / series of incidents have ta'en place.3C (t is a five men committee.

DC #his pronunciation is peculiar to engalis./ns: D

1H. /C #he have placed order for boo's.

C 0e has applied for lectureship.3C #he river has overflown its ban'.

DC =ive me rupees two and a half.

/ns: D

1$. /C #he proceeds of the charit show are for riot victims

C 0e as'ed /a and ( to go.3C #he weather of this place does not suit me.

DC 2ither Raesh or his friends has done it./ns: /

1


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3C #oo far it is an essa hard for me to attempt.DC (t is too hard an essa for me to far attempt

/ns:D

%8. /C 0oping to be hearing from ou" ( remain ours sincerel.C 0oping to hear from ou" ( remain ours sincerel.

3C 0oping to have heard from ou" ( sincerel remain ours.DC incerel ( remain ours hoping to be hearing from ou.

/ns:

)irections for *uestions $+&$%,(n each of the following questions" a paragraphor a sentence has been bro'en up into different parts. #he parts have been

scrambled and numbered as given below. 3hoose the correct order of these partsfrom the given alternatives.

%1. 1C ( %Cdo EC a C of 5C in GC lot HC reading $C m


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%. (f the stand in the order of their heights" who will be in the middle4BaC Munal BbC Rohan BcC achin BdC /nu BeC 6one of these

/ns: D

E. (f the stand in the order of increasing heights" who will be the second4BaC /nu BbC achin BcC Rohan BdC Munal BeC 6one of these

/ns:

. )ho is the second tallest4BaC achin BbC Munal BcC /nu BdC Rohan BeC 6one of these

/ns:

5. )ho is taller than /nu but shorter than Iohit4BaC Munal BbC Rohan BcC achin BdCDate (nadequate BeC 6one

/ns: /

)irections for *uestions -&+.,G. / group of friends goes for dinner and gets bill of Rs %88 . #wo of them sas thatthe have forgotten their purse so remaining ma'e an e*tra contribution of Rs 188

to pa up the bill. #ell the no. of person in that group./ns - $ person

H. =iven the following functions B1C fBn a b c C ? ac if n?1 B%C fBn a b cC ? fB n-1a c bC S fB 1 a b cC S fB n-1 b a c C if n A 1 #hen what is the value fB % a b c C ? 4

/ns: fB % a c b C ? ab S ac S bc.

$. #here are G88 tennis plaers K wear wrist band on one wrist ;f the remaining"%5K wear wrist bands on both hands 0ow man plaers don,t wear a wrist band4

/ns. E%


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C )ith a plastered leg" the bo regretted that he had spent a greater part of hisvacation in the chair

3C #he bo regretted that a plastered leg he had spent a greater part of his vacationin the chair.

DC #he bo with a plastered leg regretted that he had spent a greater part of hisvacation in the chair.

/ns: 3

1%. /C (f 9ou will pa heed to the small details" the general plans will surelsucceed.

C (f ou pa heed to the small details" the general plans will surel succeed.3C (f ou would heed the small details" the general plans would have succeed.

DC (f ou heeded to the small details" the general plans would surel succeed./ns:

1E. /C (t is a pleasure to see an alligator bas'ing in the sunshine on a river ban' as

long as


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/ns: B%1EC18

1


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/ns: D

15. /C 3opper C #in 3C rass DC J(nc/ns: 3

1G. Ir. /" Iiss " Ir. 3 and Iiss D are sitting around a table and discussing their

trades.1. Ir. / sits opposite to coo' %. Iiss b sits right to the barber.

E. #he washer man is on the left of the tailor . Iiss D sits opposite Ir. 3 hat are thetrades of / and 4

/. #ailor and arber . #ailor and coo' 3. arber and coo' D. washerman and coo'

/ns:

1H. (n a pile of 18 boo's" there are E of 0istor" E of 0indi" % of mathematics and %of 2nglish. #a'ing from above" there is an 2nglish boo' between a histor and

mathematics boo'" a histor boo' between a mathematics and an 2nglish boo'" a

0indi boo' between an 2nglish and a mathematics boo'" a mathematics boo'between two 0indi boo's and two 0indi boo's between a Iathematic and a 0istor

boo'. oo' of which subect is at the si*th position from top4

/. 2nglish . 0indi . Iathematics 3. 0istor

/ns:

1$. ;n a man,s tombstone" it is said that one si*th of his life was spent in childhoodand one twelfth as a teenager. ;ne seventh of his life passed between the time he

became an adult and the time he married five ears later" his son was born. /las"the son died four ears before he did. 0e lived to be twice as old as his son did. 0ow

old did the man live to be4/ns: $ ears

1


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E. (n a group of persons traveling in a bus" G persons can spea' #amil" 15 can spea'

0indi and G can spea' =uarati. (n that group" none can spea' an other language. (f% persons in the group can spea' two languages and one person can spea' all the

three languages" then how man persons are there in the group4/C %1 C %E 3C %% DC%

/ns:

. ;ut of a total of 1%8 musicians in a club " 5K can pla all the three instruments-=uitar" violin and Flute. (t so happens that the number of musicians who can pla

an two and onl two of the above instruments is E8. #he number of musicians whocan pla the guitar alone is 8. )hat is the total number of those who can pla violin

alone or flute alone 4/C E8 C E$ 3C DC 5

/ns: 3

5. (n a town G5K people watched the news on television " 8K read a newspaper

and %5K read a newspaper and watched the news on television also. )hat percentof the people neither watched the news on television nor read a news paper 4

/C 5 C 18 3C 15 DC %8/ns: D

Questions G-18:G. / secret can be told onl % persons in 5 minutes .the same person tells to % more

persons and so on . 0ow long will ta'e to tell it to HG$ persons 4aCH.5 min bC58 min cC 588 min dC< min

/ns: H.5 min

H. )hen ( was married 18 ears ago m wife is the Gth member of the famil. #odam father died and a bab born to me.#he average age of m famil during m

marriage is same as toda. )hat is the age of Father when he died4

/ns: H8.

$. / son and father goes for boating in river upstream . /fter rowing for 1 mile son

notices the hat of his father falling in the river. /fter 5 min. he tells his father thathis hat has fallen. o the turn round and are able to pic' the hat at the point from

where the began boating after 5min. #ell the speed of river4/ns: G mileshr


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statements numbered ( and (( giving certain information. 9ou have to decide if theinformation given in the statements are sufficient for answering the problem.

(ndicate our answer asBaC (f the data in statement ( alone are sufficient to answer the question

BbC (f the data in statement (( alone are sufficient to answer the questionBcC (f the data in either in ( or (( alone are sufficient to answer the question

BdC (f the data even in both the statements together are not sufficient to answer thequestion

BeC (f the data in both the statements together are needed11. 0ow man visitors saw the e*hibition esterda4

(. 2ach entr pass holder can ta'e up to three persons with him her.((. (n all" %E passes were sold esterda. /ns:D

1%. 0ow much was the total sale of the compan4

(. #he compan sold $888 units of product / each costing Rs. %5.((. #he compan has no other product line

/ns: 2

1E. (n what proportion would Ra" Maran and /ltaf distribute profit among them

(. Ra gets two-fifth of the profit.((. Maran and /lthaf have made H5K of the total investment./ns: D

1. )hat time did the train leave toda.

(. #he train normall leaves on time((. #he scheduled departure is at 1.E8.

/ns: D

15. ;n which da in Nanuar" ubhas left for =erman(. ubhas has so far spent 18 ears in =erman.

((. ubhas friend /nil left for =erman on 15th Februar and oined ubhas %8 das

after ubhas arrival./ns: D.


/ns: B2HC1G

1H. B81811818C%?B C$/ns: B1E%C$

1$. B11118888C%? B C18

/ns:B%8C18

1


22/101

answer the following questions based on the above statements:%1. 0ow man cubes have at least one face coloured pin' 4

/C 1 C< 3C 1G DC %5/ns: D

%%. 0ow man cubes have all the faces uncoloured 4

/C % CEG 3C $ DC G/ns:3

%E. 0ow man cubes have atleast two faces coloured 4

/C 1< C%8 3C %1 DC %E/ns: 3

% 0ow man cubes are coloured orange on one face and have the remaining faces

incoloured 4/C $ C 1% 3C 1 DC 1G

/ns: D

%5 0ow man cubes one coloured silver on one face " orange or pin' on another face

and have four uncoloured faces 4/C $ C 18 3C 1% DC 1G/ns: /

Reasoning section B%8 Questions T %8 minsC

Directions for Questions 1-: (n each questions below are given two statementsfollowed b two conclusions numbered ( and ((. 9ou have to ta'e the given two


follows from the two given statements" disregarding commonl 'nown facts.=ive answer B/C if onl conclusion ( follows BC if onl conclusion (( follows B3C if

either ( or (( follows

BDC if neither ( nor (( follows and B2C if both ( and (( follow.1. tatements : ome shirts are biscuits6o biscuit is boo'

3onclusions : ( ome shirts are boo's((. ome boo's are biscuits

/ns: D.



/ns: D

E. tatements : 6o man is a don'eRahul is a man

3onclusions : ( Rahul is not a don'e.((./ll men are not Rahul

/ns: /

. tatements : /ll poles are gunsome boats are not ploes

3onclusions : ( /ll guns are boats


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((. ome boats are not guns/ns: D

Directions for Questions 5-G: (n each questions below are given two statements

followed b two conclusions numbered ( and ((. 9ou have to ta'e the given twostatements to be true even if the seem to be at variance from commonl 'nown

facts. read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logicallfollows from the two given statements" disregarding commonl 'nown facts.

5. tatements: /ll rats are cows6o cow is white.

3onclusions: ( 6o white is rat.((. 6o rat is white


/C 6one follows C ;nl ( and (+ follow.3C ;nl (( and (+ follow. DC ;nl (+ follow

2C 6one of these

/ns: 2

G. tatements: /ll apples are brinals/ll brinals are ladfingures/ll ladfingures are oranges

3onclusions: (. ome oranges are brinals((. /ll brinals are apples

(((. some apples are oranges(+. /ll ladfingures are apples

/C 6one follows C /ll follow3C ;nl ( and ((( follow DC 2ither ( or ((( follows

2C 6one of these/ns: /.

DirectionsBH-15C: (n each of the following questions one word is different from therest. Find out the word which does not belong to the group&ractice free moc' placement papers U 7atest pattern

H. B/C =inger BC #omato B3C 3arrot BDC eet B2C &otato/ns :

$. B/C FD BC 6R& B3C 07= BDC Q B2C 9)

/ns : B3C


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/ns : B2C

1. B/C G BC 5 B3C % BDC E1 B2C %8/ns: D

15. /C mania C pneumonia 3C (nfluen!a DC 3holera

/ns: /

1G. Five children are sitting in a row. is sitting ne*t to & but not #. M is sitting ne*tto R who is sitting on the e*treme left and # is not sitting ne*t to M. )ho are sitting

adacent to 4/C M and & C R and & 3C ;nl & DC & and # 2C (nsufficient (nformation.

/ns: D

1H. (n the ;lmpic =ames" the flags of si* nations were flown on the masts in thefollowing wa. #he flag of /merica was to the left of (ndian tricolour and to the right

of the flag of France. #he flag of /ustralia was on the right of the (ndian flag but was

to the left of the flag of Napan" which was to the left of the flag of 3hina. Find the twoflags which are in the centre.

/C (ndia and /ustralia C /merica and (ndia 3C Napan and /ustralia DC /merica and/ustralia/ns: /

1$. ;ne bo can eat 188 chocolates in half a minute" and another can eat half as

man in twice the length of time. 0ow man chocolates can both bos eat in 15seconds4

/ns: G%.5 chocolates.

1


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suggests that the did not evolve into the class of birds. (n pterosaurs a greatlelongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wingli'e membrane. #he other

fingers were short and reptilian" with sharp claws. (n birds the second finger is theprincipal strut of the wing" which consists primaril of feathers. (f the pterosaurs

wal'ed on all fours" the three short fingers ma have been emploed for grasping.)hen a pterosaurs wal'ed or remained stationar" the fourth finger" and with it the

wing" could onl urn upward in an e*tended inverted +- shape along each side of theanimal,s bod.

(n resemblance the were e*tremel similar to both birds and bats" with regard totheir overall bod structure and proportion. #his is hardl surprising as the design of

an fling vertebrate is subect to aerodnamic constraints. oth the pterosaurs andthe birds have hollow bones" a feature that represents a savings in weight. #here is a

difference" which is that the bones of the birds are more massivel reinforced binternal struts.

/lthough scales tpicall cover reptiles" the pterosaurs probabl had hair coats. #.0.0u*le reasoned that fling vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because

fling implies a high rate of metabolism" which in turn implies a high internal

temperature. 0u*le speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss ofbod heat and might streamline the bod to reduce drag in flight. #he recent

discover of a pterosaur specimen covered in long" dense" and relativel thic' hairli'e fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.ome paleontologists are of the opinion that the pterosaurs umped from s dropped

from trees or perhaps rose into the light winds from the crests of waves in order tobecome airborne. 2ach theor has its associated difficulties. #he first ma'es a wrong

assumption that the pterosaurs hind feet resembled a bat,s and could serve as hoo'sb which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. #he second hpothesis

seems unli'el because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees withoutdamaging their wings. #he third calls for high aces to channel updrafts. #he

pterosaurs would have been unable to control their flight once airborne as the windfrom which such waves arose would have been too strong.

/s seen in the above passage scientists generall agree that:

the pterosaurs could fl over large distances because of their large wingspan.a close evolutionar relationship can be seen between the pterosaurs and bats" whenthe structure of their s'eletons is studied.

the stud of the fossili!ed remains of the pterosaurs reveals how the solved theproblem associated with powered flight

the pterosaurs were reptiles&terosaurs wal'ed on all fours.

/nswer : D

/s inferred from the passage" the s'eleton of a pterosaur is distinguishable from thatof a bird b the

length of its wingspan

hollow spaces in its bones

anatomic origin of its wing strutevidence of the hoo'li'e proections on its hind feet

location of the shoulder oint oining the wing to its bod./nswer : 3

From the viewpoint of #.0.0u*le" as given in the passage" which of the following

statements is he most li'el to agree with4/n animal can master comple* behaviors irrespective of the si!e of it,s brain.

2nvironmental capabilities and phsical capabilities often influence the appearance of


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an animal.suall animals in a particular famil group do not change their appearance

dramaticall over a period of time#he origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the

outcome of speciali!ation or adaption#he pterosaurs should be classified as birds" not reptiles.

/nswer :

#he organi!ation of the last paragraph of the passage can best be described as:6ew data is introduced in order to support a traditional point of view

#hree e*planations are put forth and each of them is disputed b means of specificinformation

/n outline of three hpotheses are given and evidence supporting each of them isgiven

Description of three recent discoveries is presented" and their implications for futurestud are proected

#he material in the earlier paragraphs is summari!ed and certain conclusions are

from it./nswer :

/ccording to the passage" some scientists believe that pterosaurs7ived near large bodies of water

0ad sharp teeth for tearing food)ere attac'ed and eaten b larger reptiles

0ad longer tails than man birds3onsumed twice their weight dail to maintain their bod temperature.

/nswer : /

)irections for *uestions %&+., Read the passa/e and ans2er the questionsthat follo2 on the basis of the information provided in the passa/e3

/fter his father,s death" writer 7aurence 9ep returned to an Francisco to loo' for theapartment house where his famil had lived" which also housed their grocer store.(t had been replaced b a two-stor par'ing garage for a nearb college. #here were

trees growing where the store door had been. ( had to loo' at the street signs on thecorner to ma'e sure ( was in the right spot. ehind the trees was a door of solid

metal painted a battleship gra tretching to either side were concrete walls withmetal grates bolted over the openings in the sides. #he upper stor of the garage

was open to the air but through the grates ( could loo' into the lower level. #hegra" oil-stained concrete spread onward endlessl" having replaced the red cement

floor of our store. 7ines mar'ed par'ing places where m parents had laid woodenplan's to ease the ache and chill on their feet. )here the old-fashioned glass store

counter had been was a row of cars. ( loo'ed past the steel (-beams that formed the

columns and ceiling of the garage" peering through the dimness in an attempt to

locate where m father,s garden had been but there was onl an endless stretch ofcars within the painted stalls. )e called it the garden though that was stretching the

definition of the word because it was onl a small" narrow cement courtard on thenorth side of our apartment house. #here was onl a brief time during the da when

the sun could reach the tin courtard but fuchsia bushes" which loved the shade"grew as tall as trees from the dirt plot there. 6e*t to it m father had fashioned

shelves from old hundred-pound rice cans and plan's and on these ma'eshiftshelves he had his miniature flower patches growing in old soda pop crates from

which he had removed the wooden dividers. 0e would go out periodicall to a


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wholesale nurser b the beach and load the car with bo*es full of little flowers andseedlings which he would lovingl transplant in his shadow garden. (f ou compared

our crude little garden to our own bac'ards" ou would probabl laugh and etthe cats in the neighborhood loved m father,s garden almost as much as he did--to

his great disma #he cats loved to roll among the flowers" crushing what were ustabout the onl green growing things in the area. ;ther times" the ate them-perhaps

as a source of greens. )hatever the case" m father could have done without theirdestructive displas of appreciation. ( don,t 'now where m father came b his love

of growing things. 0e had come to an Francisco as a bo and" e*cept for a brieftime spent pic'ing fruit" had lived most of his life among cement" bric'" and asphalt.

( hadn,t thought of m father,s garden in ears and et it was the surest smbol ofm father. omehow he could persuade flowers to grow within the old" ellow soda

pop crates though the sun seldom touched them and he could coa* green shootsout of what seemed li'e lifeless stic's. 0is was the gift of renewal. 0owever" though

( stared and stared" ( could not quite figure out where it had been. 2verthing loo'edthe same more concrete and more cars. tore" home and garden had all been torn

down and replaced b something as cold" massive and impersonal as a prison. 2ven

if ( could have gone through the gate" there was nothing for me inside there. (f (wanted to return to that lost garden" ( would have to go bac' into m own

memories. /ward-winning author 7aurence 9ep did return to his father,s garden inhis memories. (n 1


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)h are details about the neighborhood cats included in this stor4#o show how much the garden meant to the famil.

#o show how important this garden was to the author,s father.#o show how had the author wor'ed at helping his father.

#o show that the author,s father loved animals as well as plants.

Directions for Questions 11-1%: Read each sentence to find if there is angrammatical error in it. (f there is an error" it will be onl one part of the sentence.

#he number or alphabet of that part is our answer.B Disregard punctuation errors ifanC

11. ( shall ring him tomorrow in the afternoon./ 3 D

/ns:

1%. ( enoed during m sta in 2ngland./ 3 D

/ns:/

Directions for Questions 1E-15: one of the four sentences given in each question is

grammaticall wrong . Find the incorrect sentence.1E. /C the odds are against him.C 7et me thread the needle .

3C / nurse is ta'ing care of him.DC ( don,t 'now if snow is falling.

/ns. D

1. /C 7et me put m sign here.C #hese cattle are mine.

cC 0e e*amined the boo' closel.DC 0e has no 'nowledge of and no interest in music.

/ns: /

15. /C 0e has no desire for fame.C ( intend going to 3alcutta.

3C 0e is too miserl to part with his mone.DC 0e has invited me for dinner.

/ns: 3

Directions for Questions 1G-%8: (n each of the following questions" some sentenceare given which are on the same theme. decide which sentence is the most

preferable with respect to grammar meaning and usage" suitable for formal writingin 2nglish. Find the correct sentence.

1G. /. ;ur school had won the match if onl we have concentrated .

. ;ur school would have won the match if onl we would have concentrated.

3. ;ur school would win the match if onl we had concentrated.D. ;ur school had won the match if onl we would have concentrated.

2. ;ur school would have won the match if onl we had concentrated./ns: 2

1H. /. 0e will not pa unless he is not compelled

. 0e will not pa unless he will be compelled .3 . 0e will not pa unless he is compelled

D. he will not pa till he i s compelled.


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/ns: 3

1$. /. ince he lac'ed needed mone " he never turned down anone who neededhelp.

. 0e wasn,t rich b an means" although he never turned down anone who neededhelp.

3. eing not rich b an means" but he never turned awa anone who needed help.D. 0e wasn,t rich b an means" but he never turned awa anone who needed help.

2. ince he wasn,t rich b an means" he never turned awa anone who neededhelp.

/ns: D

1


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%. 1C language %C of EC two C the 5C official GCcountries HC is $C 2nglish


31/101

marriage is same as toda. )hat is the age of Father when he died4/ns: H8.

$. / son and father goes for boating in river upstream . /fter rowing for 1 mile son

notices the hat of his father falling in the river. /fter 5 min. he tells his father thathis hat has fallen. o the turn round and are able to pic' the hat at the point from

where the began boating after 5min. #ell the speed of river4/ns: G mileshr


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15. ;n which da in Nanuar" ubhas left for =erman(. ubhas has so far spent 18 ears in =erman.

((. ubhas, friend /nil left for =erman on 15th Februar and oined ubhas %8 dasafter ubhas, arrival.

/ns: D.


/ns: B2HC1G1H. B81811818C%?B C$

/ns: B1E%C$1$. B11118888C%? B C18

/ns:B%8C181


33/101

1. tatements : ome shirts are biscuits6o biscuit is boo'

3onclusions : ( ome shirts are boo's((. ome boo's are biscuits

/ns: D.



/ns: D

E. tatements : 6o man is a don'eRahul is a man

3onclusions : ( Rahul is not a don'e.((./ll men are not Rahul

/ns: /

. tatements : /ll poles are guns

ome boats are not ploes3onclusions : ( /ll guns are boats((. ome boats are not guns

/ns: D

Directions for Questions 5-G: (n each questions below are given two statements



5. tatements: /ll rats are cows

6o cow is white.3onclusions: ( 6o white is rat.((. 6o rat is white


/C 6one follows C ;nl ( and (+ follow.

3C ;nl (( and (+ follow. DC ;nl (+ follow2C 6one of these

/ns: 2

G. tatements: /ll apples are brinals/ll brinals are ladfingures

/ll ladfingures are oranges3onclusions: (. ome oranges are brinals

((. /ll brinals are apples(((. some apples are oranges

(+. /ll ladfingures are apples

/C 6one follows C /ll follow


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3C ;nl ( and ((( follow DC 2ither ( or ((( follows2C 6one of these

/ns: /.

DirectionsBH-15C: (n each of the following questions one word is different from the

rest. Find out the word which does not belong to the group

H. B/C =inger BC #omato B3C 3arrot BDC eet B2C &otato/ns :

$. B/C FD BC 6R& B3C 07= BDC Q B2C 9)

/ns : B3C


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1$. ;ne bo can eat 188 chocolates in half a minute" and another can eat half as

man in twice the length of time. 0ow man chocolates can both bos eat in 15seconds4

/ns: G%.5 chocolates.

1


36/101

3hildren all wanted the &icnic so much. #he Ien can wal' to the &ond but it is too farfor the 3hildren. ( see our Friend has a car and ( hate to as' this but could ou

possibl drive us to the &ond tomorrow morning4 . . .+er sincerel ours" 3armenennett /fter the picnic" Irs. ennett,s presents to me were numberless. (t was

almost time for the children to go bac' to school in outh oston. Irs. ennettinsisted that she was not going their father was coming down again to get them and

she was ust going to sta. 0e would have to get another house'eeper. he said thisover and over to me" loudl" and her turbans and 'erchiefs grew more and more

distrait. ;ne evening" Iar came to call on me and we sat on an old table in thebac' ard to watch the sunset. @&apa came toda" @ she said" @and we,ve got to go

bac' da after tomorrow. @@(s Irs. ennett going to sta here4 @@he said at suppershe was. he said this time she reall was" because she,d said that last ear and

came bac'" but now she means it .@( said" @;h dear"@ scarcel 'nowing which side (was on. @(t was awful at supper. ( cried and cried.@

@Did #heresa cr4@@;h" we all cried. &apa cried" too. )e alwas do.@

@ut don,t ou thin' Irs. ennett needs a rest4@

@9es" but ( thin' she,ll come" though. &apa told her he,d cr ever single night atsupper if she didn,t"

and then we all did.@#he ne*t da ( heard that Irs. ennett was going bac' with them ust to @helpsettle.@

he came over the following morning to sa goodbe" supported b all five children.he was wearing her traveling

hat of blac' satin and blac' straw" with sequins. 0igh and somber" above herravaged face" it had quite a panishgrandee air.

@#his isn,t reall goodbe"@ she said. @(,ll be bac'as soon as ( get these bad" noischildren off m hands.@

ut the children hung on to her s'irt and tugged at her sleeves" sha'ing their headsfranticall" silentl saing"

@6oX 6oX 6oX@ to her with their puc'ered-up mouths

Following are some questions on this passage:

1. /ccording to the narrator" Irs. ennett wears a hat because she:

is often outside.wants to loo' li'e a literar figure.

has thin hair.has unique taste in clothing.

/nswer: 3

%. 3onsidering the events of the entire passage" it is most reasonable to infer thatIrs. ennett calls the children bad because she:

is bothered b the noise the are ma'ing.

doesn,t li'e them hanging on her s'irt.

doesn,t want to reveal her affection for them.is angr that the never do what she tells them.

/nswer: 3

E. )hat is the main insight suggested b the conversation in lines G


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and cring.Irs. ennett intends to return to the 3ape soon because she has discovered that

the have been manipulating and ta'ing advantage of her./nswer: /

. =iven the evidence provided throughout the passage" the children probabl

silentl mouth the word @no@ because:Irs. ennett has ust called them bad" nois children" and the are defending

themselves.the do not want to leave the 3ape before the summer is over and are protesting.

the are letting the narrator 'now that Irs. ennett is thin'ing about returning tothe 3ape.

the are continuing their battle against Irs. ennett,s intention to return to the3ape.

/nswer: D

5. /t what point does Ir. 3urle cr at the supper table4

efore Iar and the narrator sit and watch the sunsetefore Irs. ennett tells the narrator she doubts she will sta another winter with

the childrenefore the children spend a rain afternoon plaing house in the dining room/fter the narrator learns that Irs. ennett will return to oston

/nswer: /

Directions for Questions G-18: Read the passage and answer the questions thatfollow on the basis of the information provided in the passage.

From the 1


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of the larger continental subdivisions" averages E%88 feet. Iount 2verest" which isthe highest point in the globe" is %


39/101

1E. nli'e the other rich men of his communit" he does not loo' down upon the

poor no error/ 3 D 2

/ns:2

1. 0is supporters are not as enthusiastic and co-operative as that of his

opponent,s no error/ 3 D 2

/ns: D

15. ;ur compan can no longer afford over-manned unit as out profit has

lower. no error/ 3 D 2

/ns: D

Directions for Questions 1G-%8: (n each of the following questions" some sentence

are given which are on the same theme. decide which sentence is the mostpreferable with respect to grammar meaning and usage" suitable for formal writingin 2nglish. Find the correct sentence.

1G. /C )ithout our help must tr to carr out m tas' alone.C arring our help ( should tr to carr out m tas' alone

3C esides help from ou" ( must tr to carr out m tas' alone.DC Failing our help ( must tr to carr out m tas' alone

/ns: D

1H. /C ince the dividend being declared than the notices were prepared for mailing.C carcel had the dividend been declared than the notices were sent out.

3C #he had no sooner declared the dividend when the sent the notices to the

stoc'holders.DC 6o sooner than the dividend been prepared for mailing.2C #he compan hardl declared the dividend till the notices were prepared for

mailing/ns: D

1$. /C Ian wor's must close owing to lac' of fuel" if the stri'e lasts till the

wee'end.C (f the stri'e lasts for the wee'end" owing to lac' of fuel man wor's must close.

3C ;wing to lac' of fuel" man wor's must close if the stri'e lasts over the wee'end.DC 0aving the stri'e lasting to the wee'end" man wor's close for lac' of fuel.

/ns: 3

1


40/101

3C 6obod will treat people 'indl" he does not want to pla in this teamDC 6obod will want to treat people" if he does not pla in his team 'indl.

/ns: /

Directions for Questions %1-%5: (n each of the following questions" a paragraph or asentence has been bro'en up into different parts. #he parts have been scrambled

and numbered as given below. 3hoose the correct order of these parts from thegiven alternatives.

%1. 1C ou can ta'e%C ou can,t ta'e

EC the boC the village

5C out of the villageGC out of the bo

HC but/C 1"E"5"H"%""G C 1"5"%"G"E"H" 3C 1"G"5"E"H"%" DC 1"H"%""E"5"G

/ns: /

%%. 1C food suppl

%C storage" distribution and handlingEC pastoral industr and fishingC besides increasing

5C b preventing wastage inGC the productivit from agriculture

HCcan be increased/C 1"H"5"%""E"G C "1"G"H"5"E"% 3C "G"E"1"H"5"% DC G"E"5"H""1"%

/ns: 3%E. 1C in some of the developed countries

%C in the developing countriesEC mostl in the form of beef" por' etc.

C about 1$8 'ilograms

5C per capita consumption isGC of grain per capita annuallHC the people

$C five times that amount


41/101

GC on modern linesHC the manufacture of wood pulp" paper " resins etc.

$C owing to the great demand for timber


42/101

BaC if the data in statement ( alone are sufficient to answer the questionBbC if the data in statement (( alone are sufficient to answer the question

BcC if the data in either in ( or (( alone are sufficient to answer the questionBdC if the data even in both the statements together are not sufficient to answer the

questionBeC if the data in both the statements together are needed

11. 0ow man new ear,s greeting cards were sold this ear in our shop4(. 7ast ear %


43/101

/ns:D

%5. 0ow man cubes are there in all/C G C 5G 3C 8 DC E%

/ns:/

Reasoning section B%8 Q,s - %8 minsCDirections for Questions 1-: (n each questions below are given two statements



=ive answer B/C if onl conclusion ( follows BC if onl conclusion (( follows B3C ifeither ( or (( follows

BDC if neither ( nor (( follows and B2C if both ( and (( follow.1. tatements : ome papers are files.

ome files are pens.

3onclusions : ( some files are not pens.((. ome pens are papers.

/ns: D%. tatements : /ll loc's are 'es6o 'e is a spoon

3onclusions : ( 6o loc' is a spoon((. 6o spoon is a loc'

/ns: /E. tatements : ome bottles are pencils

ome pencils are glasses3onclusions : ( 6o glass is bottle

((. ome bottles are glasses/ns: D

. tatements : ohan is a good sportsman

sportsmen are health.3onclusions : ( /ll health persons are sportsmen.((. ohan is health.

/ns: D

Directions for Questions 5-G: (n each questions below are given two statementsfollowed b two conclusions numbered ( and ((. 9ou have to ta'e the given two


follows from the two given statements" disregarding commonl 'nown facts.

5. tatements : /ll green are blue.

/ll blue are white.

3onclusions : ( ome blue are green.((. ome white are green

((( ome green are not white(((. /ll white are blue.

/C ;nl ( and (( follow C ;nl ( and ((( follow.

3C ;nl ( and (+ follow. DC ;nl (( and (+ follow2C /ll follow.


44/101

/ns: /

G. tatements : 6o parrot is crow/ll crows are bats.

3onclusions : ( ome bats are parrots((. /ll bats are parrots

(((. ome bats are crows(+ ome bats are not crows

/C 6one follow s C ;nl ( and (( follow.

3C ;nl ( " (( and ((( follow. DC ;nl ((" ((( and (+ follow2C ;nl ((( and (+ follow

/ns: 2

Directions H-15: (n each of the following questions one word is different from therest. Find out the word which does not belong to the group

H. /C 32 C 0M 3C Q DC I6 2C )J

/ns : D$. /C Nupiter C ' 3C tar DC Ioon 2C un

/ns:


45/101

1


46/101

Find the greatest no. that will divide


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Directions for questions 1< to %E Iar' a if the ans. 3an be obtained using 1 and %independentl Iar' b if the ans. 3an be obtained b using onl one of the two

statements. Iar' c if the ans. 3an be obtained b using both statements 1 and % butnot either of them alone. Iar' d if the ans. cannot be obtained b using 1 and %

)hat is the selling price of product O&rofit as a K sales is 18K" cost price is Rs.%H

&rofit as K sales is %8K" cost price is Rs.%8Find the perimeter of the rear wheel of a cart4

1. )hen the cart moves 5m" the rear wheel moves R rotations less than the front

wheel#he radius of the rear wheel is E times that of front wheel.

%1. (s a-bScAaSb-c. a" b"c are integers.

%%. )hat is the distance from mumbai to 6agpur4

1. Driving at


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%H. )hat was the color of the sari that Is.ttar &radesh was wearing4

aC )hitebC =reen

cC ReddC 9ellow

%$. )hat was the color if the sari that Is./ndhra was wearing4aC )hite bC 9ellow cC Red dC (ndeterminate

Directions for questions %


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EG. )hich of the following is a space that cannot be occupied b a 1


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man for three minutes" all told ma in this fashion leave another person completele*hausted after a da of doubt" an*iet and toil.

1.)hat happens when the time to be spent on some wor' increases4

/C the wor' is done smoothl.

C the wor' is done leisurel.3C wor' consumes all the time.

DC #he wor' needs additional time.

/ns: 3

%. 2*plain the sentence : wor' e*pands so as to fill the time available for itscompletion.

/C #he more wor' there is to be done " the more time needed.C whatever time is available for a given amount of wor'" all of it will be used.

3C (f ou have more time ou can do some wor'.DC (f ou have some important wor' to do " ou should alwas have some additional

time./ns:

E. )ho is the person li'el to ta'e more time to do wor'.:

/C a bus man.C a man of leisure.

3C an elderl person.

DCan e*hausted person/ns:

. )hat is the total time spent b the elderl lad in writing a postcard4

/C #hree minutes.

C four hours and five minutes.3C half da

DCthe entire da./ns:D

5. )hat does the e*pression pillar bo* stand for4

/C a bo* attached to the pillar.

C a bo* in the pillar3C bo* office.

DC a pillar tpe postbo*./ns: D

)irections for *uestions -&+.,Read the passage and answer the questions thatfollow on the basis of the information provided in the passage.

/ccording to /lbert 2instein the non mathematician" is sei!ed b a msteriousshuddering when he hears of ,four-dimensional, things" he is sei!ed b a feeling"

which is ver similar to the thoughts awa'ened b the occult. /nd at the same time


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the statement that the world in which we live is a four-dimensional space - timecontinuum is quite a common place statement.

#his might lead to an argument regarding the use of the term ,,commonplace,, b2instein. 9et the difficult lies more in the wording than the ideas. 2instein,s concept

of the universe as a four-dimensional space-time continuum becomes plain and

clear" when what he means b ,,continuum,, becomes clear. / continuum issomething that is continuous" / ruler" for e*ample" is a one-dimensional spacecontinuum. Iost rulers are divided into inches and fr)/7ions" scaled down to one-

si*teenth of an inch.

)ill it be possible to conceive a ruler" which is calibrated to a millionth or billionth of

an inch. (n theor there is no reason wh the steps from point to point should not beeven smaller. )hat distinguishes a continuum is the f)/7 that the space between

an two points can be sub-divided into an infinite number of smaller divisions.

/ railroad trac' is a one-dimensional space continuum and on it the engineer of a

train can describe his position at an time b citing a single co-ordinate point - i.e." a

station or a milestone. / sea captain" however" has to worr about two dimensions.#he surface of the sea is a two-dimensional continuum and the co-ordinate points bwhich sailor fi*es his positions in his two dimensional continuum are latitude and

longitude. /n airplane pilot guides his plane through a three - dimensionalcontinuum" hence he has to consider not onl latitude and longitude" but also his

height above the ground. #he continuum of an airplane pilot constitutes space as weperceive it. (n other words" the space of our world is a three-dimensional continuum.

Nust indicating its position in space is not enough while describing an phsical event"which involves motion. 0ow position changes in time also needs to be mentioned.

#hus to give an accurate picture of the operation of a 6ew 9or' - 3hicago e*press"

one must mention not onl that it goes from 6ew - 9or' to /lban to racuse to3leveland to #oledo to 3hicago" but also the times at which it touches each of those

points. #his can be done either b means of a timetable or a visual chart. (f the miles

between 6ew 9or' and 3hicago are plotted hori!ontall on a piece of ruled paper andthe hours and minutes are plotted verticall" then a diagonal line properl drawn

across the page illustrates the progress of the train in two-dimensional space - timecontinuum. #his tpe of graphic representation is familiar to most newspaper

readers a stoc' mar'et chart"

For e*ample" pictures financial events in a two - dimensional dollar - time continuum.

imilarl for the best picturisation of the flight of an airplane from 6ew 9or' to 7os/ngeles a four - dimensional space - time continuum is essential. #he latitude"

longitude and altitude will onl ma'e sense to the traffic manager of the airline if thetime co - ordinate is also mentioned. #herefore time is the fourth dimension. (f a

flight has to be loo'ed at" perceived as a whole" it wouldn,t wor' if it is bro'en downinto a series of disconnected ta'e - offs" climbs" glides" and landing" it needs to be

loo'ed at and perceived as a continuous four - dimensional space - time continuumcurve.

Following are some sample questions on this passage:

#he significant feature of a continuum" according to the passage" revolves around

#he divisibilit of the interval between an two points.


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/n ordinar ruler,s caliber for mar'ing(t,s unending curve

(t,s lucid from providing comprehensibilit to the non - scientists as well(t,s variet of co - ordinates.

/nswer: /

#he purpose of this passage is to highlight the point that&lots and sea captains have something in commontoc' mar'et charts ma be helpful to phsicists

#he fourth dimension is time.6on-mathematician,s are often afraid of the commonplace

#here is a mar'ed qualit to distance

/nswer: 3

/ccording to the passage" an airlines traffic manager depends upon all of thefollowing 2O32 aptitude

#he time co-ordinate7ongitude

#he continuous curve in co four/nswer: 2

#he underling tone of this selection is&ersuasive

Deferential3andid

(nstructive=entl condescending

/nswer: D

/ccording to the author if on wishes portra a phsical event in which motion plas arole - one has to

Ia'e use of a time-table

(ndicate how position changes in timee conversant with the scientist,s theories

Describe it graphicalle aware of altitude" latitude and longitude

/nswer:

)irections for *uestions ++&+$,Read each sentence to find if there is an

grammatical error in it. (f there is an error" it will be onl one part of the sentence.#he number or alphabet of that part is our answer.BDisregard punctuation errors if

anC

11. ( never have visited or intend to visit foreign countries / 3 D/ns:3

1%. #he clothes were neatl hanged on the cloth line.

/ 3 D

/ns:3


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Directions for Questions 1E-15: one of the four sentences given in each question isgrammaticall wrong . Find the incorrect sentence.

1E./C ;ur followers are but a handful.

C 6either he nor ( was there.

3C Ian a glorious deeds were done.DC 2verone of the bos loves to ride./ns: 3

1

/C he had finished her wor' when ( met her.

C Do ou believe in =od43C 0e cut his hand with a 'nife.

DC 0e challenged me for a duel./ns: D

15

/C umit is m elder brother.C 0e is two ears ounger to me.3C 0e is the eldest man of this village.

DC Ravi is five ears older than me./ns: 3

)irections for *uestions +-&$.,(n each of the following questions" somesentence are given which are on the same theme. decide which sentence is the most

preferable with respect to grammar meaning and usage" suitable for formal writingin 2nglish. Find the correct sentence.

1G/C From which train did ou come4

C / series of incidents have ta'en place.3C (t is a five--men committee.

DC #his pronunciation is peculiar to engalis./ns:D

1H/C #he have placed order for boo's.

C 0e has applied for lectureship.3C #he river has overflown its ban'.

DC =ive me rupees two and a half./ns:D

1$/C #he proceeds of the charit show are for riot victims

C 0e as'ed /a and ( to go.

3C #he weather of this place does not suit me.DC 2ither Raesh or his friends has done it.

/ns: /

1 Kease $ct has designed to -. +trengthen F+$*s national defense . 5rovide battle shit to the $llies 1. Aelp the British . the $tlantic %harter 4. $venge 5earl Aarbor$ns , $


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Directions for Questions +1-+5:#here are five friends +achin! unal! Gohit! $nu and@ohan. +achin ia shorter than unal but taller than @ohan. Gohit is tallest. $nu is a littleshorter than unal an little taller than +achin.+1$ho is the shortest:(a) @ohan (b) +achin (c) $nu

(d) unal (e) 6one of theseAns: $+&$ If they stand in the order of their heights! who will be in the middle:(a) unal (b) @ohan (c) +achin(d) $nu (e) 6one of theseAns: "+$If they stand in the order of increasing heights! who will be the second:(a) $nu (b) +achin (c) @ohan(d) unal (e) 6one of theseAns: B+*$ ho is the second tallest:(a) +achin (b) unal (c) $nu(d) @ohan (e) 6one of theseAns: B+5$ ho is taller than $nu but shorter than Gohit:

(a) unal (b) @ohan (c) +achin(d) "ate Inadequate (e) 6oneAns: $++$ $ group of friends goes for dinner and gets bill of @s . #wo of them says thatthey have forgotten their purse so remaining ma&e an e- a c b) N f ( - a b c) N f ( n>- b a c ) if n O -#hen what is the value f ( a b c ) / :Ans:f ( a c b ) / ab N ac N bc.+.$ #here are 3 tennis players C wear wrist band on one wrist 7f the remaining! 4Cwear wrist bands on both hands Aow many players don*t wear a wrist band:Ans. 1+/$ #hree types of tea the a!b!c costs @s. '4?&g!-?&g and2?&g respectively. Aow many&gs of each should be blended to produce - &g of mi


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temperature on #hursday was

a)13.4% b)13% c)14.4% d)1%

$ +wetha and %haitanya went to a boo&shop. +wetha purchased 4 pens! 1 note boo&s

and ' pencils and used up all her money. %haitanya purchased 3 pens! 3 note boo&s and-0 pencils and paid 4C more than what +wetha paid. hat C of +wethas money wasspent on pens:

a) -.4 bP 3.4 c) 24 d) cant be determined.

Directions for Questions 1*151+$

$le

a) -C b) 1C c) C d) 3 C

$Aow many nos. are there between - and both inclusive and divisible by or 1:

a) 32 b) 30 c) 0 d) -

.$9ind the greatest no. that will divide '3!-10 and - leaving remainder of -!1-and 4- resp.

a) 40 b) 3 c) 3' d) 2-

/$If all 3Qs get inverted and become 'Qs ! by how much will the sum of all nos. between- and - both inclusive change:


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a) 1 b) 11 c) 111 d) none of these

.,$If all the picture cards are removed from a pac& of cards! the sum of the values of theremaining is

a) 44 b) c) 4 d) -3

+3 Analytical ability& 9. *uestions$3 Verbal ability& $% questions

Section&A Analytical Ability

1. (f ( had one more sister ( would have twice as man sisters as brothers. (f ( had one morebrother ( would have the same number of each. 0ow man brothers and sisters have (4

%. #here is a number which is greater than the aggregate of its third" tenth and the twelfthparts b 5$. 3an ou find the number4/ns-1%8

E. (f two men stand bac' to bac'" wal' in opposite directions for metres" turn to the left andwal' another E metres" what is the distance between them when the stop4/ns-18 meters

. 0ow man minutes is it until si* ocloc' if fift minutes ago it was four times as manminutes past three ocloc'4/ns- twent si* minutes


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5. )hich letter replaces the question mar' 4

/ns-3

G. Find out how will the 'e figure BOC loo' li'e after rotation.

/ns-

H. elect the alternative in which the specified components of the 'e figure BOC are found.

/ns-E

$. Find out which of the figures B1C" B%C" BEC and BC can be formed from the pieces given infigure BOC.


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/ns-E


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3. ;nl BECD. ;nl B1C2. ;nl B1C and BEC/ns-3

1%. 3hoose the conclusions which logicall follow from the given statements.tatements: ome 'es are staplers. ome staplers are stic'ers. /ll the stic'ers are pens.3onclusions: 1. ome pens are staplers. %. ome stic'ers are 'es. E. 6o stic'er is 'e. . ome staplers are 'es./. ;nl B1C and B%C. ;nl B%C and BC3. ;nl B%C and BECD. ;nl B1C and BC and either B%C or BEC/ns-D

1E. 3hoose the conclusions which logicall follow from the given statements.tatements: ome envelops are gums. ome gums are seals. ome seals are adhesives.3onclusions: 1. ome envelopes are seals. %. ome gums are adhesives. E. ome adhesives are seals. . ome adhesives are gums./. ;nl BEC. ;nl B1C3. ;nl B%CD. ;nl BC

/ns-/

1. 3hoose the conclusions which logicall follow from the given statements.tatements: /ll the bottles are bo*es. /ll the bo*es are bags. ome bags are tras.3onclusions: 1. ome bottles are tras. %. ome tras are bo*es. E. /ll the bottles are bags. . ome tras are bags./. ;nl BEC and BC. ;nl B1C and B%C

3. ;nl B%C and BECD. ;nl B1C and BC/ns-/

15. 3hoose the conclusions which logicall follow from the given statements.tatements: ome cars are eeps. /ll the bo*es are eeps. /ll the pens are cars.3onclusions:


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1. ome cars are bo*es. %. 6o pen is eep. E. ome bo*es are cars./. 6one of three. ;nl B1C and B%C3. ;nl B1C and BECD. ;nl B%C and BEC

/ns-/

1G. (f =o ?E%" 02 ?


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/. ( alone is sufficient while (( alone is not sufficient. (( alone is sufficient while ( alone is not sufficient3. 2ither ( or (( is sufficientD. 6either ( nor (( is sufficient2. oth ( and (( are sufficient/ns-3

%1. (n the questions below there consists of a question and two statements numbered ( and ((given below it. 9ou have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficientto answer the question. Read both the statements and give answerQuestion: #he last unda of Iarch" %88G fell on which date 4tatements: 1. #he first unda of that month fell on 5th. %. #he last da of that month was Frida./. ( alone is sufficient while (( alone is not sufficient. (( alone is sufficient while ( alone is not sufficient3. 2ither ( or (( is sufficientD. 6either ( nor (( is sufficient

2. oth ( and (( are sufficient/ns-3

%%. &ointing to a photograph of a bo uresh said" @0e is the son of the onl son of mmother.@ 0ow is uresh related to that bo4/. rother. ncle3. 3ousinD. Father/ns-D

%E. / Z means / is the father of / [ means / is the sister of / L means / is thedaughter of and / \ means / is the brother of . )hich of the following indicates that Iis the wife of Q4/. Q Z R [ # \ I. Q Z R \ # [ I3. Q Z R L # [ ID. Q Z R \ # L I/ns-D

%. 3ount the number of 3ubes


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/ns-$E (d) 3>9

&,. hat if "S9! %SE e


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1. &ossessive case

&ossessive case is generall used with living things e.g. the governors bodguard.

ut is also used with personified obects:

e.g. (ndias heroes" natures law etc.

%. 3omparison of adectives:

1C /dectives ending in Tor are followed b the preposition toBnot thanC as"

(nferior" superior" prior" anterior" posterior" senior" unior.

e.g.

0ari is inferior to rama in intelligence0e is unior to all of his colleagues.

%C (n comparing two things or classes of things the comparative should be used as"

;f Iumbai and Iadras the former is wealthier.

;f two evils" choose the less Bnot leastC.

"ote, later and latest refer to time" latter and last refer to position. 2lder and eldest

are used onl of person" not of animals or thing. ;lder and oldest are used of both

persons and things.

E. &ersonal pronouns

#here is a general construction

e.g.

9ou and ( have done our dut.

9ou and hari have idled awa our time.

0e and ( can never pull on together.

i.e the construction is- Vou and (W not V( and ouW "Wou and heW not Vhe and ouW "W

he and (W not V( and heW

mind it.

. Iood

ubunctive mood:

a. past subunctive is used


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1C /fter the verb wish to indicate a situation which is unreal or contrar to fact: as"

( wish ( 'new his name. B? (m sorr ( dont 'now his name.C

he wishes the car belonged to ou.

%C /fter if" to e*press improbabilit or unrealit in the present: as

(f ( were ou ( should not do that Bbut ( am not ou" and never can beC

(f we started now we would be in time Bbut we cant start nowC

EC /fter as ifthough" to indicate unrealit or improbabilit: as"

0e orders me as if ( were his wife Bbut ( am notC.

0e wal's as though he were drun' Bbut he is notC.

5. #ense

#his is a ver vital part in grammar P also for apti.

G. /greement of the verb with the subect

1C (f the singular subects are preceded b each and ever the verb usuall

singular:as

2ver bo and girl was read.

2ver man" woman and child was lost.

%C #wo or more singular subects connected b or" nor" either].or" neither...6or ta'ea verb in the singular: as"

2ither abdul or amir has stolen the watch.

6either rama nor his sister was there.

EC )hen subects oined b or"nor are of different numbers" the verb must be plural"

and the plural subect must be placed ne*t the verb as"

Rama and his brothers have done this.

C )hen the subects oined b or or nor are of different persons"the verb agreeswith the nearer as"

2ither he or ( am mista'en.

6either ou nor he is mista'en.

5C 2ither" neither" each" everone" man a" must be followed b a singular verb as"


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2ach of the substances is found in (ndia.

Ian a man has done so.

GC )ords oined to a singular subect b with" together with" in addition to" or as

well as" etc."are parenthetical" and therefore do not affect the number of the verb

as"

#he chief" with all his men" was massacred.

Rama" as well as hari and govind" li'es hot curr.

H. #he participle

0earing the noise" the bo wo'e up. #he word hearing qualifies the noun bo as an

adective does.

(t is formed from the verb hear" and governs an obect. &articiple is called a verbal

adective.

a. &resent participle

)e met a girl carring a bas'et of flowers.

b. &ast participle

Driven b hunger" he stole a piece of bread.

c. &erfect participle

0aving rested" we continued our ourne.#he wind having failed" the crew set to wor' with a will.

1C ince the participle is a verb-adective it must be attached to some noun or

pronoun in other words it must alwas have a proper subect of reference.

#he following sentences are incorrect:

eing a ver hot da" ( remained at m tent.

2ntering the room" the light was quite da!!ling.

#he correct sentences are:

(t being a ver hot da" ( remained at m tent.

2ntering the room" ( found the light quite da!!ling.

Iore e*amples:

word being in hand" he rushed on the ailor.


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rea'fast having been over" we went out for a wal'.

$. #he gerund

=erund is verb-noun

Few e*amples

( heard of his having gained a pri!e.

0e is desirous of being praised.

( hope ou will e*cuse m Bnot meC leaving earl.

)e reoiced at his Bnot himC being promoted.


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0e has been ill for 5 das.

C (n before a noun denoting a period of time" means at the end of within means

before the end of as"

( shall return in an hour.( shall return within an hour.

5C eside means b the side of" while besides means in addition to.

GC #he prepositions for" from" in" on are often omitted before nouns of place or time

as"

)e did it last wee'" ( cant wal' a ard" wait a minute.

HC (n and at are used in spea'ing of things at rest to and into are used in spea'ing

of things in motion as"

0e is in bed.

0e ran to school. "0e umped into the river.

$C ;n is used in spea'ing of things at rest" and upon the things in motion as"

0e sat on a chair. " #he cat sprang upon the table.


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)ent about the world" leaned against a wall" tour round the world" put pen to paper"

stand without the gate.

B%C #ime: b three ocloc'" ten minutes to twelve" on Ionda.

BEC /genc" instrumentalit:

ent the parcel b post" was destroed b fire" heard this through a friend" cut it

with a 'nife.

BC Ianner: fought with courage" won with ease.

B5C 3ause" reason" purpose:

Died of fever" died from fatigue" concealed it through shame" too' medicine for cold.

GC &ossession:

#he mosque of ;mar" the bo with red hair

HC 3ontrast" concession:

For Bin spite ofC all his wealth he is not content" with Bin spite ofC all his faults (

admire him.

1%. 3onunctions and their uses

1C ince" when used as a conunction" should be preceded b a verb in the presentperfect tense" and followed b a verb in the past indefinite tense as"

( have been in such a pic'le since ( saw ou last.

%C #hat is now used

a. #o e*press reason" cause and is equivalent to because" for that" in that as"

0e was annoed that he was contradicted.

b. #o e*press purpose and is equivalent to in order that as"

)e sow that we ma reap.

3. #o e*press consequences" result" effect as"

(m so tired that ( cant go on.


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EC carcel should be followed b when" and not b than.

carcel had he gone" when Bnot thanC a policeman 'noc'ed at the door.

C 6o sooner is followed b then" and not b but.

6o sooner had he returned than Bnot butC he was off again.

6o sooner did he see us than he dispersed.

1E. 6oun and pronoun

1C #he obect of verb or of a preposition" when it is a pronoun" should be in the

obective form as"

etween ou and me Bnot (C affairs loo' dar'.

7et ou and me Bnot (C do it.

#here is reall no difference between ou and me.

&lease let ac' and me go to the theatre.

1. /dectives

1C / ver common form of error is e*emplified in the following sentence:

#he population of 7ondon is greater than an town in (ndia. B(ncorrectC

#he population of 7ondon is greater than that of an town in (ndia. B3orrectC

ecause" the comparison is between the population of 7ondon and the population of

an town in (ndia

15. /rticles

1C efore a word beginning with a consonant sound a is used as"

/ universit" a 2uropean" a ewe" a one-rupee note" a one-eed man. #he words

universit" 2uropean etc. egin with a consonant sound" that of ou.

;ne begins with the consonant sound of w.

%C efore words beginning with h and not accented on the first sllable" an is used

as"/n historical novel" an hotel.

EC #he red and white rose. BIeans one roseC

#he red and the white rose. BIeans two roses" the one red and the other whiteC

#he first and the second chapter?the first and second chapters.


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1G. tructures

1C subectSverbSnounpronounSadective:

#he bo pushed the door open.

)e found the trun' empt.0e turned the lamp low.

%C ubectSverbSnounpronounSpresent participle:

( saw him crossing the bridge.

he caught him opening ours letter.

EC ubectSverbSnounpronounSplain infinitive:

( saw him go out.

he watched him steal the watch.7et me go.

C ubectSverbSnounpronounSpast participle:

( heard m name called.

( want the letter tped.

)e found the house deserted.

5C ubectSverbSnounpronounS Bto be SC complement:

( consider the plan Bto beC unwise.)e thought him Bto beC foolish.

#he club chose Ir. under treasurer.

he called him a fool.

GC (tSbeSno good.e etc. Sgerundial phrase:

(t is no good as'ing him for help.

(ts no use worring about it.

(t is amusing watching the mon'es.

(t has been a pleasure meeting ou.

HC (f clause main

clause

Bimple presentC

B)illshallcanmaSplain infinitiveC


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(f ou stud hard ou will

get a first class.

(f he runs all the time he can

get there in time.

"ote,3onditionals of this tpe tell us that something will happen if a certain

condition is fulfilled. #he condition ma or ma not be fulfilled.

B$C (f clause main

clause

B&ast subunctiveC

B)ouldshouldcouldmightSplain infinitiveC

(f ou studied hard ou would

get a first class.

(f we started now we

would be in time.

"ote,3onditionals of this tpe are used when we tal' about something which we

dont e*pect to happen or which is purel imaginar.

B


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( found out that he was guilt.

"ote,there are however two e*ceptions to the above rule:

aC / past tense in the principle clause ma be followed b a present tense in the

subordinate clause when the subordinate clause e*presses a universal truth as"

6ewton discovered that the force of gravitation ma'es apples fall.

0e said that honest is the be

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