Place- What does Europe look like? Landlocked-

o Helped Europeans develop skills like sailing/fishing.o Helped economy grow- due to easier trade.•

- Peninsula- Europe is one large peninsula with many smaller peninsulas branching out from it.

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- Islands- Europe has many islands.o Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland- in Atlantic Oceano Sicily, Crete and Cyprus- in Mediterranean Sea

Many cultures have emerged because of the separation between the various seas, rivers, and mountains.

Plains- Plains- Northern European Plains- large lowland stretches across northern half of

mainland Europeo Rich Soil- farms highly productive

Grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy cattleo Energy and Mineral Resources-

Coal, iron ore, etc.- NEP- has high population due to the rich agricultural and industry.

- Other lowlands that have rich soil to produce farming-o Hungarian Plain- east of Alps o Ukrainian Steppe- broad grassy plain north of the Black Sea

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Mountains and Highlands- Highlands- northern border of NEP. - Highest Mountain Ranges-

o Alpine Mountain System- includes Alps- stretch from Spain to Balkan Peninsula Pyrenees- between France and Spain Carpathians- east-central Europe

Mt. Blanc- highest peak in the Alps of France- 4,807 meters

Mountains and Highlands•Europe’s mountains have never completely blocked movement.• - Passes- low areas between mountains, allow the movement of people and goods. •Central Uplands- contain much of Europe’s coal•Meseta- plateau in Spain on which people grow grains and raise livestock

Water Resources- Rivers and Lakes

•Many European rivers are navigable- or wide and deep enough for ships to use.- People and goods can sail easily from inland areas to open sea for trade. •The Danube and Rhine- two of Europe’s longest rivers, are important for transporting goods.

•Lakes- cover very little of Europe.- Most lakes are found on the NEP or in Scandinavia.• Highland lakes- northern Great Britain and the Alps- frequently visited for

boating, fishing, and swimming

Resources- Energy•Energy Resources-- Coal- major energy resource. Almost 1/2 of the world’s coal comes from

Europe.o Coal Mining- provides jobs for many in U.K, Ukraine, Poland, and the

Czech Republic.

- Petroleum and Natural Gas- most productive oil fields lie beneath the North Sea, in areas controlled by the U.K. and Norway. o To discourage dependence on oil, European governments tax gasoline

heavily.- Clean energy- hydroelectric power, wind power.

Resources- Natural

•Natural Resources- iron ore and manganese for steel, special clay to make fine china dishes, marble from Italy and granite from Norway, forest(dwindling due to deforestation), fertile soil, fish.