p.k. champati ray - welcome to united nations escap .... dmsp_unescap...remote sensing disaster and...
TRANSCRIPT
P.K. Champati ray,
Head, Geosciences &
Geohazards Dept.
IIRS
(Former Head, Geol. Disaster Div., SDMC, New Delhi)
ESCAP-CSSTEAP Programme, 26 Aug 2013
DisasterRemote Sensing and GIS for DRM
Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)
Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)
Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)
Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)
Satellite Data Programming
And Acquisition
SDA
Satellite Data Programming
And Acquisition
SDA
Data Processing
DPA
ASAR/ALTM/DC etc. ASAR/ALTM/DC etc.
Flight Planning Flight Planning
Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC
Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC
Defense clearance Defense clearance
Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High
Resolution• Optical Microwave
Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High
Resolution• Optical Microwave
Hardware & software
Hardware & software
Customized Analysis ToolsCustomized
Analysis Tools
Data Analysis
DSC
Outputs
Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.
Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.
Database, Knowledge Banks
Database, Knowledge Banks
Ground / Ancillary Information
Ground / Ancillary Information
DMS - DSC OperationData Acquisition, Processing, Analysis & Dissemination
ALERTAdvance Info.on Disaster/
Trigger
Source: DSC, NRSC
Pre-Flood
During-Flood
Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data of Sep 26,2011
Resourcesat-1 AWiFS data of Feb 07,2011
Bhadrak
Jajpur
Kendrapada
Bhadrak
Jajpur
Kendrapada
ß Flood Inundation
Monitoring of Floods in Orissa
Source: DSC, NRSC
Odisha Flood, 2011
Source: DSC, NRSC
Source: DSC, NRSC
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12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9
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NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM
Coverage Satellite data analysis
Integration with ground data
Information reporting
Drought assessment
AWiFS
AVHRR
Rainfall deviations Sowing progress
• AWiFS• MODIS 250 mts• MODIS 1 km• AVHRR
Indicators/informationbeing used in drought assessment
• NDVI• NDWI• EVI• AMSR E soil moisture• CPC rainfall forecast• Soil• Rainfall• Sown area• Cropping pattern• Irrigation support
Active Fire Detection
•Generation of daily near-real-time forest fire alerts.
•Value additions in terms of forest admin. boundaries, village locations and road network overlay.
•Dissemination of fire alerts to respective state forest departments by email and web-updates for mitigation activities.
Source: DSC, NRSC
• Liquefaction modelling, NRT
• Tsunami and storm surge modelling, RT-NRT
• Earthquake triggered landslide modelling, NRT
• Causative Fault mapping, PEQ
• Damage assessment, PEQ
J&K
INDIA
Muzaffarabad
Uri
Srinagar
80 Kms
Balakot
Jehlum River
Neelam River
73°31'29"E
73°31'29"E
74°1'29"E
74°1'29"E
33°40'56"N33°40'56"N
34°40'56"N34°40'56"N
73°42'36"E
73°42'36"E
73°44'24"E
73°44'24"E
34°8'24"N 34°8'24"N
34°10'12"N 34°10'12"N
0 - 40
40 - 80
80 - 130
130 -170
170 - 220
-172 - -130
-130 - -80
-80 - -40
-40 - 0
Landslide thickness (m)
±
0 1 20.5Km
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Bhuj
Anjar
Rapar
AdhoiLodai
Kavda
DudhaiBachau
MundraMandvi
Chobari
ManfaraAmarsar
Gandhidam
Deshalpar
Kandla port
N
EW
S20 0 20 Kilometers
Liquefaction Probability0.8 - 0.90.7 - 0.80.6 - 0.70.5 - 0.60.4 - 0.50.3 - 0.40.2 - 0.30.1 - 0.20 - 0.1Water
# USGS epicenter# City
Liquefaction Modelling,
Bhuj Earthquake 2001
Landslide Hazard Mitigation• Landslide monitoring using medium and
high resolution satellite data products
• Landslide movement assessment using InSAR
• Predictive modelling for Landslide Hazard Assessment and Landslide Hazard Zonation
• Landslide deterministic modelling and Early Warning
• Seismicity Induced Landslide Modelling
Landslides on IRS LISS-III and PAN merged
data
22 June – 27 July04DInSAR Envisat-ASAR
LHZ using Fuzzy Integration
IRS-PAN image of Uttarkashi before landslide
IRS-PAN image of Uttarkashi after landslide
IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi before landslide
IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi after landslide
IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi after landslide, draped on DEM
IRS-PAN image of Varunavat Landslide
Landslide hazard Zonation, Uttarkashi
Varunavat Landslide, Uttarkashi
Landslide Hazard Assessment in Uttarkashi
Four road sectors were taken up in Uttarakhand (Badrinath, Kedarnath, Pithoragarh, and Gangotri for LHZ in collaboration with 11 Govt. agencies including WIHG, DTRL, CBRI, IITR and UPRSAC)
• Automated Weather Stations have been installed in
Alkananda and Bhagirathi valley, two most landslide
prone regions of Uttarakhand.
• Antecedent Precipitation based Threshold has been
modelled based on landslides inventory of 20 years
(Source: BRO)
• Early results are encouraging: rise in threshold
corresponds to landslides observed in 2007, 2009 and
2010 near Badrinath (Lambagarh), Pipalkoti and other
places.
Precipitation Threshold based modelling for Landslide Initiation
Rainfall Threshold for Landslide Occurrence
(Lambagarh)
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Date (July 2009)
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Daily Rainfall
Threshold
Google Earth Image (Left) And LISS –IV Image (Right) of the Varunavat Hill, Uttarkashi
ØEvent 1: September 14, 2012, Ukhimath - debris flow triggered by heavy rain & cloudburst caused death of 51 people and large scale damage to the property in & around Ukhimath.
ØEvent 2: September 23, 2003, Varunavat (Uttarkashi) landslide - 3000 people were affected and property worth Rs 50 crores was damaged.
Landslide locations: Draped over Cartosat-1 image
Photograph showing debris flow location
Debris Flow Simulation & Modeling(Case studies from Ukhimath (Sep 2012) & Uttarkashi (Sep 2003) landslide Events)
Flow chart of simulation process
Velocity Profile
Pressure Profile
Location C avg in KPa φavg φ used in RAMMS
Uttarkashi 57.13 25° 25-30°
Ukhimath 2.12 33° 28-35°
Momentum Profile
Flow Height Profile
Frictional parameters : RAMMS input vis-à-vis Lab results
Simulated models and output profiles: Uttarkashi (left) and Ukhimath (right) landslide events
• Numerical modeling is capable of simulating natural events• Output profiles can be used for installation of proper mitigation measures• Best fit Voellmy friction coefficients can be validated and utilized for
prediction of extent of run out zone of future potential flow
Debris flow simulation & Modeling
•For rescue and relief operation, pre-event satellite image maps (Cartosat-1) on 1:10,000 with locations of villages/settlements, landslides, and safe locations were provided to stake holder for Kedarnath to Gaurikund (Uttarakhand Police).
•Maps on 1:10,000 scale with details on landslides, village locations etc. were provided to Indian Army and Air Force with post-event LISS –IV and Cartosat merged data (Kedarnath to Gaurikund).
•3-D fly through were also provided to Air Force for critical areas in Kedarnath sector
• Landslide location maps from Kedarnath to Rudraprayag on 1: 10,000 scale along with pre and post event satellite data have been provided to stake holder (DM, Rudraprayag).
• Currently geological risk assessment is going on for Yamunotri temple based on the request of DM, Uttarkashi and Mining and Geol. Unit of Uttarakhand Govt.
• Additionally, action has been taken to assess the cause, consequence and mitigation of such disasters by taking up studies related to detailed landslide inventory, Geomorphological change detection, flood modelling, damage assessment, debris flow modeling, risk assessment, glacier / snow cover monitoring, glacier lake mapping etc. under in-house R&D and training programmes of IIRS.
Uttarakhand Disaster 2013…IIRS, ISRO response
Post-disaster
Landslide Inventory (Gourikund – Kedernath Sector, UK) Prepared by Interpretation of IRS – P6:LISS VII data of Pre & Post Disaster Event
Area: Lambagarh, close to Badrinath
Rainfall Threshold based Modelling for Landslide
Key points on Landslide Hazards
1.Landslides can compound the effect of lake outburst flood as experienced in Uttarakhand
2.Un controlled development in hilly area can lead to landslide disasters
3.Changing precipitation pattern, extreme weather phenomenon severely affects slope stability.
4.Landslide hazard can be minimised by risk assessment, EWS, flow / fall modelling, early detection and mainstreaming in development planning
Landslide Hazard Mitigation: Propose Strategy
The road ahead…
Short term•Detail Landslide inventory (Characterization of landslides into finer categories -e.g., rock fall, wedge failure, translational & rotational slides)•Assess landside risk (by LHZ and flow modelling) and communicate to stake holders•Early detection of slope movement using space borne geodetic techniques (InSAR & GNSS observation).• Geomorphological / topographical/ land use/ river dynamics change detection• Damage assessment•Updating the inventory of glacial lakes, snow cover mapping and monitoring.
Long term• Facilitate mainstreaming landslide disaster reduction measures in development planning related to road/dam/urban structure construction. •Development of EWS using ground based instrumentations -GPS/AWS/ DWR•Understanding intricate relationship of Climate-Tectonics-Landslides
Risk assessment, modelling, EWS, capacity building and awareness generation holds key in landslide mitigation strategy and IIRS can play a crucial role in these areas in landslide
studies in Himalaya
Landslide Hazard Mitigation: Propose Strategy
International courses since 2001 in collaboration with ITC, University of Twente, The Netherlands, trained 150 persons
Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation with specialization in Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk Management (NHDRM)
•Post Graduate Diploma -10 months duration•M. Sc – 18 months duration (3 months in The Netherlands)
1. Environmental hazards
2. Geological hazards 3. Hydro–meteorological hazards
• Land degradation • Erosion• Pest and diseases• Drought• Deforestation • Forest fire hazards• Forest degradation• Pollution
• Earthquake • Landslides• Ground water pollution• Ground subsidence • Mining hazards • Glacier related hazards
• Flood• GLOF, Avalanches • Coastal hazards-
erosion, salt water intrusion
• Tsunami• Storm surge
Thank You
P. K. Champati ray