Submitted By : Sarbjeet Singh

MCA-2nd

Roll No: 5(DBU)

Introduction A technique used in advanced

microprocessors where the microprocessor begins executing a second instruction before the first has been completed.

A Pipeling is a series of stages, where some work is done at each stage. The work is not finished until it has passed through all stages.

PIPELING PROCESSING

To understand the concept of pipeling, we need to understand first the concept of assembly lines in an automated production plant where items are assembled from separate parts (stages) and output of one stage becomes the input to another stage.

To introduce pipeling in a processor P, the following steps must be followed:

• Sub-divide the input process into a sequence of subtasks. These subtasks will make stages of pipeline, which are also known as segments.

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• Each stage Si of the pipeling according to the subtask will perform some operation on a distinct set of operands.

• When stage Si has completed its operation, results are passed to the next stage S i+1 for the next operation.

• The stage Si receives a new set of input from previous stage Si-1 .

• A common analogue for a pipeling is a factory

assembly line. Assume that there are three stages:

• 1.Welding• 2.Painting• 3.Polishing

• For simplicity, assume that each task takes one hour

• Classification of Pipeling Processors • In this section, we describe various types of pipeling that can be

applied in computer operations. These types depend on the following factors:

• • Level of Processing • • Pipeling configuration • • Type of Instruction and data

1. Level of Processing

1. Instruction Pipeling The pipeling used for instruction cycle operations are known as

instruction pipelines.

1. Arithmetic Pipeling The pipeling used for Arithmetic operations are known as instruction

pipelines.

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Pipeling Configuration

• Uni-function Pipeling: When a fixed and dedicated function is performed through a pipeling, it is called a Uni-function pipeling.

• Multifunction Pipeling: When different functions at different times are performed through the pipeling, this is known as Multifunction pipeling.

Type of Instruction and data

• Scalar Pipeling: This type of pipeling processes scalar operands of repeated scalar instructions.

• Vector Pipeling: This type of pipeling processes vector instructions over vector operands.