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    POST GRADUATE DEGREE

    Pipeline Construction

    By

    Eng. Ahmed Mohamed Kamel El-Said EL-Nahrawy

    ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

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    Introduction:

    Pipeline construction process starts with initial planning and the entire

    construction process takes up to 17 to 18 months. Initial planning include

    determining the market need, specification of pipe and components, land

    acquisition, environmental assessment, land permitting, public consultation,pipeline design and route selection etc.

    The construction process not only covers the civil work to lay the pipeline, it also

    has to cover all the work related to the installation process of the field devices

    that will support remote operations. The main purpose of constructing the

    pipelines is to carry a variety of materials for residential, commercial and

    industrial needs.

    Pipelines construction phase begin after the route selection, environmental

    permitting, surveying, preparing the right of way, stringing the pipe, easements

    negotiations, and other pre construction phase have been accomplished. After

    this pipeline is carefully placed in the pre dug trench under waterways and roads,

    and if trenching is involved the trench is filled and post construction process

    begins. The whole process of pipeline construction has three different phases

    such as pre construction, construction and post construction.In addition, construction phase includes bending and joining the pipe, positioning

    and coating the pipelines, installing valves and fitting and backfilling the trench

    is done. High side and low side are two different types of installation which

    needs to keep in mind while determining the pipeline route and geography of the

    pipeline installation.

    There are various steps involved in pipeline construction process such as:

    Clearing, grading and trenching Stringing and welding pipe segments Depositing the pipeline Backfilling and Testing Restoring

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    Types of Pipelines

    Depending on its purpose, pipelines are of different types like gathering lines,

    transmission lines, distribution lines and feeder lines. Gathering pipe lines are the

    group of smaller interconnected pipelines forming complex networks and these

    lines travel short distances gathering products from wells and then move to other

    facilities. The purpose of these lines is the bringing of crude oil or natural gas

    from several nearby wells to a treatment plant.

    Transmission lines are also known as transportation pipeline having long

    diameters, moving products between cities, countries and even continents. These

    are energy highways, transporting materials across the international provinces or

    within the provinces. On the other hand distribution lines are composed of

    several interconnected pipelines with small diameters used to take the products tothe final consumers and is used in local distribution companies to distribute the

    materials, whereas feeder lines move products from batteries, processing

    facilities and storage tanks in the transmission pipelines. These are used to

    distribute gas to homes and business downstream.

    In order to construct pipelines, environmental or climatic conditions must be

    considered which can affect the construction process like heat and cold both can

    impact the characteristics of the pipeline such as its flexibility and joints.

    It is necessary to plan first and consider all requirements and the things which

    can impact and then start the construction process so that without delay, project

    has been completed easily.