pilot plant studies of new solvents for post combustion co capture · 2011-07-08 · laboratory of...
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Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
International Conference on Energy Process Engineering, 20.-22. June 2011, Frankfurt
Pilot plant studies of new solvents for postcombustion CO2 capturecombustion CO2 capture
Inga Tönnies Hari Prasad Mangalapally Hans HasseInga Tönnies, Hari Prasad Mangalapally, Hans Hasse
Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)University of Kaiserslautern
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
COt t dChallenges:
Absorption-desorption process
CO2treated gas
washing sections• Dimensions• Energy demand
condensate
kdesorber
absorberprewasher
make-up
flue gas
lean solventrich solvent Reactive solvents:
2
Reactive solvents:Reference: 0,3 g/g MEA in H2O
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Requirements:
New solvents tested at UNIKL within CESARRequirements: • high cyclic capacity• fast kinetics• environmentally acceptable stable non toxic non corrosive
Solvent Composition
• environmentally acceptable, stable, non-toxic, non-corrosive
p
MEA 0,30 g/g monoethanolamine (MEA)
CESAR 1
CESAR 3
0,29 g/g aminomethylpropanol (AMP)0,18 g/g piperazine (PIP)
0 32 g/g ethylendiamine (EDA)CESAR 3
CESAR 5
0,32 g/g ethylendiamine (EDA)
0,27 g/g aminomethylpropanol (AMP)0 19 g/g ethylendiamine (EDA)
320.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
0,19 g/g ethylendiamine (EDA)
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
ar
600MEA
Gas solubilites
ure
/ mba
400
500CESAR 1CESAR 3 CESAR 5
al p
ress
u
300
CO
2 pa
rti
100
200 Cyclic capacity
C
CO –loading / mol CO /kg solvent0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
Cyclic capacity:CESAR 1 > CESAR 3 , CESAR 5 > MEAOptimum solvent flow:
CO2–loading / mol CO2/kg solvent
Optimum solvent flow:CESAR 1 < CESAR 3 , CESAR 5 < MEA
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies 4
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
M ti ti
Laboratory pilot plant testing
Motivation• Cheaper than large pilots• Solvent comparisonp
• energy• L/G optimum• operabilityoperability
• Validation of process models
Limitations• Limited height• No long term testing• Heat losses
520.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Pilot plant @ TU Kaiserslautern
Flue gas source Natural gas burner / CO2 recycle
Flue gas flow 50 - 120 kg/hSolvent flow 50 350 kg/hSolvent flow 50 - 350 kg/hCO2 concentration 3.8 – 14.8 Vol% (dry)Packing type Sulzer BX (500 m2/m3)g yp ( )Packing height / Ø Absorber: 4.25 m / 0.125 m
Desorber: 2.55 m / 0.125 mWashing section: 0.4 m / 0.125 m
Analytics Online gas analytics (CO2, O2)Liquid analytics (amine, CO2, H2O)q y ( , 2, 2 )Flows, temperatures, pressures, levels
620.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Component mass balanceMass balance CO2
Measurement quality
12
14CESAR 5MEAkg
/h
Component mass balance(CESAR 5)
e/ %
Mass balance CO2
12
8
10
12 MEA
alyt
ics
/
sba
lanc
e
+5 % 6
8
10
12O2
N2
H2O
4
6
8
liqui
d an
a
n in
mas
s
-5 %
0
2
4
0
2
4
CO
2-flo
w l
Dev
iatio
n-6
-4
-2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140
CO2-flow gas analytics / kg/h
C
Experiment no.
D 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
High quality of experimental data
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies 7
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Varied parameter Const parameters Result
Parameter studiesVaried parameter Const. parameters Result
Solvent flow Gas flow (80 kg/h, F = 1.7 Pa0.5) Removal rate (90%) Energy optimum
Gas flow L/GRemoval rate (90%) Kinetic limitation?
/t C
O2
6,0
6,5
4,0
4,1
/t C
O2
ergy
/ GJ/
4,5
5,0
5,5
3,8
3,9
ergy
/ GJ/
Spe
c. e
ne
80 120 160 200 240 280 3203,5
4,0
4,5
0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 83,6
3,7S
pec.
ene
8
F-Factor / Pa0.5
80 120 160 200 240 280 320
Solvent flow / kg/h
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Solvent flow variation7,0
J/t C
O2
6,0
6,5MEACESAR 1CESAR 3 CESAR 5
ergy
/ GJ
• Removal 90%• pCO2 = 100 mbar5,0
5,5CESAR 5
pec.
ene • G = 80 kg/h
4,0
4,5
Sp
50 100 150 200 250 3003,0
3,5
Solvent flow / kg/h
CESAR 1: Reduction in energy by 20% compared to MEA, reduction in
50 100 150 200 250 300
9
CESAR 1: Reduction in energy by 20% compared to MEA, reduction in optimum solvent flow by 50%
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Gas flow variation at constant L/G
4 6
4,4
4,6MEACESAR 1CESAR 3J/
t CO
2
4,0
4,2CESAR 5
ergy
/ GJ
• Removal 90%• pCO2 = 100 mbar
3,8
,
pec.
ene
p 2• L/G = 2.5 (optimum MEA)
0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 83,4
3,6Sp
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8F-Factor / Pa0,5
CESAR 3 and CESAR 5 show strongest kinetic limitations
10
CESAR 3 and CESAR 5 show strongest kinetic limitations
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Comparison with results from Esbjerg• Esbjerg plant: Absorber with 17 m of Mellapak 2.X (205 m2/m3), j g p p ( ),
diameter 1,1 m, Scale factor app. 100• Direct comparison difficult: different CO2 partial pressure, amine
concentration desorber pressure plant specific differences
Solvent Energy / GJ / t CO2 Improvement over MEA / %UNIKL E bj UNIKL E bj
concentration, desorber pressure, plant specific differences
UNIKL Esbjerg UNIKL EsbjergMEA 4.1 3.6 (3.6)* - -CESAR 1 3 2 3 1 (2 9)* ~20 % ~15 % (20%)*CESAR 1 3.2 3.1 (2.9) 20 % 15 % (20%)
CESAR 3 3.8 3.5 (3.4)* ~7 % ~3 % (5%)*
CESAR 5 3.7 Not tested ~8 % Not tested
Solvents that showed improvement in our pilot plant show a similar
* with intercooling
11
p p pimprovement at Esbjerg
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
COCO2
• Only gas solubility at 40°C and 120°C, heat
Screening method for new solvents
Desorber energy balance:
capacity and enthalpy of absorption as input
m h≈ ⋅∆&2CO abs
t i
Q&Reboiler1. Desorption of CO2
m h
m c T
+ ⋅∆
+ ⋅ ⋅∆
&
&
2
stripv, H O
solvent HXp solvent
2. Stripping steam
3. Heating of solvent
m c T+ ⋅ ⋅∆&2
p, solvent
strip refluxp, H O
g
4. Heating of reflux
• Estimation of stripping steam from equilibrium stage method
1220.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Results of screening method for new solvents5,5
MEA
J/t C
O2
4 5
5,0
MEACESAR 1CESAR 3CESAR 5
ergy
/ GJ
4,0
4,5• Removal 90%• pCO2 = 110 mbar
pec.
ene
3,0
3,5
Sp
0 1 2 3 4 5 62,5
3,0
L/G / kg/kgOrder correctly represented: CESAR 1< CESAR 3 CESAR 5 < MEA
13
CESAR 1< CESAR 3, CESAR 5 < MEAEnergy underestimated since e.g. kinetic effects not considered
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Summary• Three solvents from EU project CESAR tested in our pilot plantThree solvents from EU project CESAR tested in our pilot plant
• CESAR 1 offers energy reduction by 20 % over MEA
• High quality experimental dataHigh quality experimental data
• Energy savings confirmed in Esbjerg pilot plant
• Screening method able to identify promising solvents based on gasScreening method able to identify promising solvents based on gas solubility at 40°C and 120°C
AcknowledgementEU C i i f fi i l t ithi th CESAR j tEU Commission for financial support within the CESAR project
20.06.2011 Inga Tönnies 14
Laboratory of EngineeringThermodynamicsProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Hasse
Th kTh k ff tt titt ti !!Thank Thank youyou forfor youryour attentionattention!!
1520.06.2011 Inga Tönnies 15