DEL

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SEA

www.DELGOSEA.eu

DocumentationUrban Environment of Kampot MunicipalityKampot, Cambodia

PILOT CITIES - DOCUMENTATIONNON-STATE ACTORS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN DEVELOPMENT – ACTIONS IN PARTNER COUNTRIES (MULTI-COUNTRY) FOR NON-STATE ACTORS

This project isco-funded by the European Union.

A project implemented by the consortium: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Thailand Environment Institute (TEI), Local Government Development Foundation Inc. (LOGODEF), United Cities and Local Governments for Asia and Pacific (UCLG-ASPAC), Association of Indonesian Regency Governments (APKASI), Association of Cities of Vietnam (ACVN), and National League of Communes/Sangkats of the Kingdom of Cambodia (NLC/S).

LOCALGOVERNMENTDEVELOPMENTFOUNDATION

The Partnership for Democratic Local Governance in Southeast Asia (DELGOSEA) was launched in March 2010 and is co-funded by the European Union and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) of Germany through the German Ministry of Development Cooperation.

DELGOSEA aims to create a network of cities and municipalities to implement transnational local governance best practices replication across partner countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. It supports the role of Local Government Associations (LGAs) in providing and assisting the transfer and sustainability of local governance best practices replication by local governments. Most importantly, through the exchange of best practices in the region, DELGOSEA intends to contribute to the improvement of living conditions of disadvantaged groups in Southeast Asia by helping increase their participation in local planning and decision-making.

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Copyright 2012 by DELGOSEA Project | www.DELGOSEA.eu

All RIGHTS RESERVED

Except from brief quotation in a review which this publication is part of, it must not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the DELGOSEA project, represented by the project applicant Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.

The views or statements presented in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the DELGOSEA project. The Project will not accept any liability with respect to damages or consequential actions taken as a result of the information provided in this publication.

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Documentation of the Transfer Processes of Kampot Pilot City, Kampot Province, Cambodia

The Partnership for Democratic Local Governance in Southeast Asia (DELGOSEA) was launched in March 2010 and is co-funded by the European Union and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) of Germany through the German Ministry of Development Cooperation.

DELGOSEA’s aim was the creation of a network of cities and municipalities to implement the replication of best practices within local governance across national borders, concentrating on five partner countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. It supports the role of Local Government Associations (LGAs) in assisting the transfer and sustainability of best practice replication by local governments. Most importantly, through the exchange of best practices in the region, DELGOSEA contributes to the improvement of living conditions of disadvantaged groups in Southeast Asia by helping increase their participation in local planning and decision-making.

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About this Publication

Since the Partnership for Democratic Local Governance in Southeast Asia (www.DELGOSEA.eu) began in March 2010, 16 pilot cities from five countries have committed themselves to enhancing their local service delivery so that living conditions in their municipalities could be improved. The 16 cities have chosen best practices from other countries in one of four areas – people’s participation, institutional governance, urban inclusive services and fiscal management – to learn from and replicate these success stories in their own cities.

The purpose of this publication is to illustrate the replication process of Kampot. Starting with a brief description of the best practice example chosen for replication, it continues with a brief overview of the transfer concept itself, i.e. the adoption of the best practice into the specific political, cultural and legal frameworks of the respective pilot city.

Chapter 2 focuses on the methodology, activities and results of the replication process, as achieved by August 2012, which is followed in Chapter 3 by a concrete example of the real impact the project has on people living in Kampot.

Chapter 4 is looking at the challenges, the sustainability as well as recommendations for future actions. What have been the main challenges encountered during replication, and how can these be overcome?

What can we learn from the experiences of xxx city and what would be our recommendations for those who would be interested to replicate a best practice in their own locality? Finally, how can we sustain our project activities after the project funding has ended?

Chapter 5 then provides the overall evaluation results of the replication process so far. The evaluation was carried out by a specifically trained coach who accompanied the city during the last 12 months of replication.

Over the last few months DELGOSEA has produced many publications. In total, 16 best practice descriptions have been published, as well as a textbook and teaching guidelines on the best practice transfer, and now, with this publication, our experiences during the replication process itself. All publications can be downloaded from www.DELGOSEA.eu.

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Documentation of the Transfer Processes“Urban Environment of Kampot Municipality”

Kampot, Cambodia

List of Authors:Mr. Prak Munny, Coach of Kampot Citywww.DELGOSEA.eu

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Table of Contents

Documentation of the Transfer Processes of ......................................iiKampot Pilot City, Kampot Province, Cambodia

About this Publication ........................................................................1

Chapter 1: Introduction into the ........................................................5Best Practice and the Transfer Concept

1.1 Description of the Best Practice .....................................................51.2 Description of the Transfer Concept ...............................................9

Chapter 2: Methodology, Activities and Results of ............................11Best Practice Replication

2.1 Description of the Methodology ...................................................112.2 Description of Main Activities ......................................................122.3 Description of Project Results and Outcomes .................................15

Chapter 3: The Impact of Best Practice Replication ..........................163.1 Impact of Replication on the People Living in Kampot Province ........163.2 Success Story from the Field ......................................................17

Chapter 4: Challenges, Sustainability and ........................................21Recommendation for Future Actions

4.1 Challenges and Problems During Replication .................................21and How to Overcome them4.2 Mechanisms to Ensure Sustainability and ......................................21Activities Foreseen after August 20124.3 Recommendations for Other Cities which Intent to .........................22Replicate a Best Practice from Another Country or City

Chapter 5: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Replication Process .....23

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Chapter 1: Introduction into the Best Practice and the Transfer Concept

1.1 Description of the Best Practice

The Philippine city of Marikina, on the island of Luzon, had developed an innovative recycling scheme, drawing on the cooperation with local schools to help collect recyclable waste, for dealing with the problem of household waste and encourage environmental awareness in the younger generation.

The name of the program ‘Eco-saver’ has several meanings, including the following:

A ‘Savior’ of the eco-system through awareness of sound environmental practices;

An ecological solid waste management practitioner from a household;

Economic savings realized through recycling of garbage.

Its main features and the way it functions are explained in the best practice description:

Waste management at source

□ The program requires students to bring recyclable garbage from their respective households to school during an assigned Eco Day — the day when the garbage is going to be weighed and credited to their issued Eco-savers passbooks.

Empowerment of elementary pupils in ecological solid waste management

Promotion of economic benefits from recyclables

□ This program is not only rewarding for the environment but also for the students who get points for the recyclables they bring to school. Points earned entitle the students to shop in the Eco-savers bus, which carries educational materials and basic commodities such as sugar, cocoa powder drink and rice.

Incentive Scheme through the Eco-savers passbooks

□ Each student is issued an Eco-savers passbook at the beginning of the school year. In this passbook the points of the student-owner are credited and recorded according to the recyclable waste material he/she brings to school. An Eco-saver who wishes to shop in the Eco-Savers Bus only needs to present this passbook.

Utilization of Eco-savers Bus

□ The Eco-savers bus or the mobile store is a converted city government facility that contains educational materials and basic commodities. This range of goods is exchangeable for the points secured by the students from their recyclables.

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The advantages of this best practice (BP) are easily understood:

It is a BP that addresses the current need for innovation in solid waste management of many municipalities and that, at the same time, offers an easy way to organise the handling of recyclable material.

It is an entirely local project, which can be managed with little municipal administrative resources.

It involves the population directly and at all stages, taking advantage of the power of family structures, embedded in the community.

It is a project that can be realised in a short period of time with no particularly big public or private investment required.

Background and Objectives

The Eco-savers Program of Marikina City is a program envisioned out of Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001. This law requires local government units to adopt a waste segregation scheme that will help meet an initial waste diversion goal of 20% through ecological means.

The program has the following objectives:

To educate households in Marikina City to religiously practice waste segregation and recovery of recyclable household waste by enlisting public elementary students and teachers;

To gradually realize the waste diversion target of 20% through recycling;

To eventually reduce the cost being incurred by the city in its solid waste management program;

To instill the value of environmental concern, preservation of health, consciousness on the amount and type of waste the target households produce, and the importance of savings.

In general, this is an educational awareness program on the ecological system among the constituents. It gives due focus on sound environmental practices for people from the household level to the schools to be ecological solid waste management practitioners. Ultimately, it seeks to instill the realization of economic savings through this waste management program. The Eco-Savers program is being implemented by the city’s Waste Management Office, in coordination with the Department of Education (DepEd). It was initially presented to DepEd in December 2003, and followed by a series of meetings that resulted in the formulation of the program’s several strategies.

A. Innovative Elements

Capitalizing on waste management at source, the Eco-Savers Program has awakened and harnessed the culture of discipline and consequently the

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value of savings. The program has stimulated the consciousness of the community, thereby promoting waste segregation and recycling practices at the household level. Parents of students have been interacting regularly with teachers and city government personnel.

The program has earned up to P1.3 million from recyclables from its inception, and has helped lessen the city’s dependence on the internal revenue allotment. In addition, cost incurred by the city government in solid waste disposal was reduced. It has also provided junk shops within the city with regular clientele, helping boost economic activities. From the parents’ perspective, Eco-Savers offered an additional benefit: it helps defray the cost of school supplies through the individual savings or points earned by the students.

The program also provides an addition to the preservation of the community’s health and the environment. The significant quantities of waste that have been diverted from dumpsites have contributed to the improvement of air and land pollution. Likewise, the decreased number of garbage trucks’ disposal trips has contributed to traffic decongestion, less air pollution, and energy conservation.

The program has become an avenue where the people felt the presence of the city government. It also showed the strong political will of the city government in implementing bold and innovative programs aimed at attaining full compliance with the law. Because of its innovative and novel approach to environmental awareness, it has become a benchmark for other local government units in developing their own program particularly during their “lakbay-aral” (study tours).

B. Involvement and Activities

The Eco-Savers program is being implemented by the city’s Waste Management Office, in coordination with the Department of Education (DepEd). It was initially presented to DepEd in December 2003, and followed by a series of meetings that resulted in the formulation of the program’s several strategies. The Waste Management Office conducts a series of orientation in schools to familiarize students and teachers about the objectives of the program. It distributes Eco-Savers passbooks to students and teachers of all public elementary schools in the city.

Each school is assigned an Eco Day, which is once a week. An Eco Day is the day when students must bring recyclable garbage from their respective households; the garbage will be weighed and credited to their passbooks. An Oversight Committee is responsible for the selection of junk shops. These junk shops are tasked to report to the principal of the school where the program is being implemented every Eco Day. They will weigh the recyclables, record, and haul all the recyclables collected. Storing the garbage within the school premises is not allowed for sanitary reasons. The

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recyclables are priced and recorded in the individual passbook using a point system.

Points earned shall entitle the eco-saver to shop in the Eco-Savers Mobile Store. The mobile store visits the school twice within the school year, carrying educational materials, such as dictionaries, books, school supplies, and educational toys. An eco-saver who wishes to shop only needs to present the passbook. As parents are involved in the program as well, the implementers have added grocery supplies as part of the redeemable items. This has encouraged participants, especially as basic necessities are now part of the program’s benefits.

Looking at the program at a broader perspective showed that adopting a sound solid waste management at the household and community levels is a form of people empowerment. The community is given an opportunity in how they can best contribute to solve the perennial problem posed by garbage. The public school teachers were made aware of the existing environmental conditions, particularly the state of solid waste management. The knowledge gained has made them confident about the veracity of information that they cascade down to their students. Hence, the natural outcome of the program is a strengthened working relationship between the city government, parents, students, and the business sector.

This program has actually been partly financed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

C. Sustainability and Replication

Because of its simplicity and continuing success, this program is seen to be eventually replicated and implemented by other localities, through private or public initiative. This will help and inspire other local government units (LGUs) to look for ways to achieve their waste reduction and waste diversion targets within a short period of time.

The program has been presented in the following venues:

Metro Manila Spouses Association conference (MM spouses are the ones handling their respective cities’ clean and green program).

Consultative conference between the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority and the Solid Waste Managers of Metro Manila.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources website of best practices.

5,612 lakbay-aral groups that visited Marikina from July 2004 to June 2005 to study or look into its Solid Waste Management Program.

Most of them expressed their desire to replicate this program in their localities. In fact, they were each given a sample of the passbook. The nearby city of Pasig has already implemented its own version of the program adapted to its own institutional capabilities.

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Several key factors in sustaining and replicating this model elsewhere:

The city’s reputation of dutifully implementing efficient and effective solid waste management is a strong component of the program. The city government conceptualized the program, determined the stakeholders, met with these stakeholders, formulated the guidelines, and brought about the printing of the needed passbooks. There was no financial equity from the participants, just recyclables from their households.

The leadership of the city government should credibly sustain the implementation and avoid possible waning interest in the program. If the program is sustained, its target participants will also sustain their confidence in the government and their active involvement.

Aside from the economic benefits reaped from the program’s activities, the participants are greatly encouraged to perform responsible solid waste management.

1.2 Description of the Transfer Concept

Name of Pilot City: Kampot Municipality (a place of 34,325 residents, 13-member council and 33 of 5-Sangkat councillors, 668 civil servants of 18 municipal technical line offices and 27 staff of six municipal administration offices)

Concept/Project title: Urban Environment of Kampot Municipality

BP Title and Host(s): Marikina Eco-savers Project, Marikina, Philippines

Overall Objective: By 2012 the people of Kampot should be aware of their urban environment and hygiene and actively participate in enhancing the environment, beauty and welfare of the city.

Main challenges of the municipality include:

The municipality is suffering from environmental problems, mainly caused by population growth and an increase of small enterprises and tourists. Only 58.61% of residents in the municipality have access to clean drinking water and only 75% of the population lives in housing equipped with toilets. Most of the toilets in houses, guesthouses and restaurants are not complying with technical design standards as some of the toilets connect and flow directly into the drainage system. There is a lack of awareness of health, sanitation and other environmental issues. The municipality is also suffering from a lack of attractive public spaces and trees to provide ecological balance.

Description of the replication:

18 schools have been participating in the pilot project, and the implementation of the recycling scheme is going well, with the ‘eco-day’, when all children bring in the rubbish they collected over the course of a

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month, taking place regularly. The city feels the difference: suddenly the streets are much cleaner, parks have become pleasant places where more and more people come for physical exercise and even the local riverbanks have been freed from rubbish. Additionally, the city government as well as the community held a widely publicized ‘tree-planting day’, as part of the effort to improve the local environment. A big publicity campaign supports the activities and local people are now well aware of the need to keep their city clean and to start recycling and better managing their own rubbish.

So enthusiastically has Kampot taken to the idea of replicating best practices in search for a solution to the city’s waste problem, that councillors are looking at a second best practice city, Muangklang in Thailand, to gain inspiration for managing solid waste in an environmentally friendly way. A large delegation from Kampot visited the city in March 2012 to find out more about the innovative but simple ways in which Muangklang has transformed the municipality to become a low carbon city.

Specific objective: To implement environmental education in schools as well as community-based waste management.

Expected results:

Solid waste collection and segregation is happening in 18 target schools. The practice will be expanded to the market and five Sangkats;

City officials are capacitated to deal with environmental projects through visits to best practice cities and targeted training measures;

The target schools started to generate small income from selling solid waste such as plastic and paper to the local junk shops.

Duration: January 2011 to August 2012

Total budget: USD 75,783

Fund Contributing Partners: DELGOSEA, Provincial Administration and District Fund (in 2012), and UNESCAP through SCARO, and NGO.

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Chapter 2: Methodology, Activities and Results of Best Practice Replication

2.1 Description of the Methodology

Selection of the Best Practice Replication

Kampot is one of just two Cambodian pilot cities and was selected by the National League of Communes/Sangkats (NLC/S). A memorandum of understanding was signed between the city, the NLC/S and the DELGOSEA national coordinator. Once this was in place as a legal basis for cooperation, a selection of possible best practice examples was sent to the city. As Kampot was struggling with waste management and was also keen on educated the many young people in the municipality about environmental issues, Marikina’s Eco-savers was deemed a suitable example. This project fitted well into the larger development plan for Kampot and the city even decided to adapt elements from the Thai city of Muangklang that was approaching solid waste management from a slightly different angle. The city decided to integrate the schools’ recycling activities into a wider effort to turn Kampot into an environmentally friendly city and to use the methods learnt through participation in the DELGOSEA project for the other activities related to better waste management and improvement of living conditions in the city.

Establishment of the Project Task Force

The DELGOSEA team encouraged each pilot city to set up a task force to coordinate the replication activities and to adapt regulations for its operations. The task force consisted of representatives from all the relevant city departments, such as the Department for the Environment, as well as the city’s mayor, since it is important for the project’s success to have the city’s leadership involved and on board. The task force selected a team member to be responsible for communication with the DELGOSEA project team in Cambodia and a regular reporting schedule was worked out.

Development of Transfer Concept

The task force began its work by developing a so-called transfer concept, i.e. a roadmap of how best to replicate the example of Marikina in the different political, social and cultural context of Kampot. The members of the task force carefully studied the best practice design and the draft of the transfer concept that had been developed by outside consultants. In a participatory approach, through consultation meetings with representatives of the local community, a further draft was developed and commented upon.

During meetings to finalize the transfer concept, the task force members actively discussed each part of the transfer concept, especially the logical framework, the objectives, results as well as activities.

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2.2 Description of Main Activities

To reach the overall objective and the three specific objectives, the following activities (leading to the results below) were planned:

Main activities carried out during the best practice replication process are not just concentrating on the recycling scheme, but are aimed at achieving the wider objective of improving living conditions in Kampot. They include:

Preparation and publication of educational leaflets:

Leaflets on urban environment and solid waste management were finalized and published by the middle of December 2011. 3,500 leaflets were provided to 5 Sangkat and 18 target schools for dissemination.

Awareness-raising, targeting schools and communities:

Awareness-raising for the people of the municipality on the issue of environment and garbage management through meetings, workshops, posters, radio broadcasts and distribution of rubbish bins. A public meeting was organized after the study tour to Marikina.

In November 2011, the city task force started to disseminate a letter from the Ministry of Education on clean water, sanitation and environment to all 18 pilot schools. Radio and television broadcasts (a total of 7) helped to promote the environmental message. 5 meetings took place in the municipality on improving sanitation and the physical environment in the city and there were 55 Sangkat meetings on improving sanitation and environment.

Awarding best practices and fining bad practices:

In March 2012, Kampot’s governor was handing out awards to best practices and was publicly giving fines to bad practices. 47 instances of bad environmental practices were singled out and 185,000 riel were collected in fines. At the same time, 25 households and 2 schools were rewarded for best practices.

Collaborate with private sector and relevant agencies in solid waste management:

From June to December 2011, the mayor of Kampot collaborated with the private sector and relevant agencies in solid waste management. There were 7 meetings with the private sector (Gaea Company), 2 meetings to discuss the collection fee and quality of service and 9 contracts were signed with private gardeners in public place (18 places, 2,040,000 riel/month).

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Improve solid waste service including improving solid waste collection schedule and re-setting better price for collection fee:

In September 2011, Kampot city improved solid waste service including improving solid waste collection schedule and re-setting better price for collection fee by replacing the existing garbage bins with standard garbage bins in public places (27 bins) and by promoting the use of garbage bins and enforcing the implementation of the Provincial Decision on Solid Waste Management. The city officials try to force the garbage collection company to respect the agreement under the service contract with regard to garbage collection schedule.

Promote the use of garbage bins and enforce the implementation of the Provincial Decision on Solid Waste Management:

Kampot has also implemented the Decision on Garbage Management in the city by starting to fine people who disobey the city rules on garbage management. The activity has started in April 2011. 35 education and dissemination meetings took place to re-enforce the implementation of the provincial Decision on Solid Waste Management. The environmental issues, especially the waste management was included in the city council meeting on a monthly basis.

Education/extension on the use of safe water:

The pilot city also promoted public education on the use of safe water, hygienic toilets and improved and extended the water distribution system. Water systems were installed for poor households and 15 village meetings were organized on the use of safe water in 15 villages with 900 families.

Improve and extend water distribution system:

360 meters of water pipes were replaced with new ones and the water distribution system was extended by 7,497.55 meters.

Install water system for poor households:

A new water system was installed new water in 20 households and field education meetings on the use of hygienic toilets were conducted. 10 posters were produced and distributed to 15 villages.

Construct and provide toilet facilities to the city poor households:

The city also conducted awareness-raising activities in the municipality on the installation and use of hygienic toilets. In addition, the city supported 300 households in building the toilets; and rehabilitated 1,200 meters of sewage canal in Sangkat Kampong Bay.

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Provide training to Kampot officials and private sectors staff:

In November 2011, a capacity building workshop on conflict resolution was conducted for key stakeholders; a study visit to Marikina took place in August 2011; the city’s mayor and coaches attended the DELGOSEA midterm conference in Battam, Indonesia; and 13 city officials travelled to Muang Klang, Thailand, in March 2012.

Study Visit to Marikina City, Philippines on 03 to 06 August 2011

Promote/reinforce the implementation of the provincial instruction on tree planting:

As part of the replication process the city promoted the planting of trees along the streets and in front of government institutions in Kampot municipality. So far a total of 511 trees were planted.

Establish and maintain tree nursery:

In collaboration with the Provincial Department of Environment the city established one nursery of 182 square meters (7m x 26m).

Mainstream tree planting into wedding ceremony:

Initiated and facilitated 8 tree planting events in 8 separate wedding ceremonies.

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2.3 Description of Project Results and Outcomes

The project objective and expected results of the project was complex and ambitious, but the main focus of the project was mainly on waste management at elementary schools (since Kampot opted to replicate the Eco Savers Program from Marikina, the Philippines).

Planned ActualResult 1 60% of the population

practice solid waste collection and segregation.

Solid waste collection and segregation already started at 18 target schools. The practice will be expanded to the market and five Sangkats in the pilot city.

Result 2 Solid waste collection service coverage to increase from 2,000 to 3,200 households.

Solid waste collection coverage increased from 2,000 to 4,071 households, which is equal to 59% of total households in the pilot city. (Ref: Source from GAEA).

Result 3 80% of households have access to safe drinking water.

The actual progress is that 53% of the total population have access to safe drinking water (Source from City Water Work Unit)..

Result 4 80% of population have access to hygienic toilets.

67% of the total households have hygienic toilets.

Result 5 Capacitated Kampot officials and other concerned institutions on urban environment.

3 city officials visited and learn the Eco Savers Program in Marikina, the Philippines; 13 official studied the Low Carbon Project in Maung Klang, Thailand.22 City officials trained for Conflict Resolution Skills.

Result 6 Trees are planted and maintained in public open space, institutional areas and along roadsides.

511 trees planted on raodsides, in front of government institutions and public spaces; 4,670 rattans and 347 teak seedlings planted in local communities.

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Chapter 3: The Impact of Best Practice Replication

3.1 Impact of Replication on the People Living in Kampot Province

One obvious positive impact of the replication was on people’s attitude to waste management, not just on the personal level, but also by clearing rubbish from the streets as well as cleaning and maintaining the city’s sewage system. It became clear that the public education campaign by the City Environment Office that was practice-oriented and included demonstrations of rubbish cleaning, really attracted attention and sparked people’s interest in keeping their city clear. The participation rate in cleanup initiatives was impressive.

City officials gained more knowledge on urban environment and they are now more confident and active in educating people on environment and waste management. Teachers and pupils are better aware of the impact one’s environment has on living conditions. Garbage is now segregated and sold for cash after being brought to school, and burning garbage at schools is now prohibited.

Resulting from the information sharing and information dissemination on environment and waste management at the target schools and the target Sangkat, it has also been observed that city officials are more capable and accountable in project planning, management and reporting. They, just as the schoolteachers, are more confident in presenting information on environment and waste management to their target audience, after the training they received.

The performance of the garbage collection company has also improved.

More specifically, the following impacts were recorded:

Economic Benefit:

The target schools started to generate a small income from selling solid waste such as plastic and paper to the local junk shops. Each school could make about 40,000 Riels to 50,000 Riels (about 10 to 12 USD) per month from selling the waste. Some schools used the amount to pay for the waste collection service bill, while other schools decided to buy presents for pupils involved.

Social Benefit:

The pupils in 18 target schools became more disciplined in terms of managing their own garbage. The schools look cleaner and greener. According to Mr. Kong My, chief of the City Education Office “the pupils love their school better than before and they have started to compete with each other in collecting and segregating the waste.”

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Environmental Benefit:

To improve urban environment and to be one of the green cities, Kampot city opted to plant trees in front of its government’s institutions, on roadsides and public spaces. The pilot city would not be able to do that successfully without working in close collaboration with the Provincial Department of Environment and Forest Administration. It is obvious that Kampot city looks much cleaner, greener and more beautiful now. Newly planted trees could be seen on roadsides and public areas. Many dirty public areas have now become attractive public spaces for public health exercises.

There is less garbage to be transported to dump site as much of the solid waste is segregated and sold to junk shops for cash.

3.2 Success Story from the Field

Here an example of what went particularly well with the Kampot replication process:

Ms. Hang Sokha, who is a teacher for grade 5, was very glad to tell us that she joined the Kampot project of solid waste management in 2010, although not much was happening in the beginning. Many of the project activities started in 2011 and are still ongoing. Every morning after saluting the National Anthem (before starting the class), Mr. Sun Sophann, the school principal, always reminds all students how to keep the school and their homes clean. Ms. Hang Sokha said, “Our school reserved one room for storing the segregated solid wastes which can be sold for cash to fund for utilities expense in the school”

Responding to the question whether she would be willing to continue to ensure good environment in school and at homes, she said “Even though the project will be finished, I need to continue to help my children, my pupils and my society to live in good environment and to live with healthy lives.”

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Pupils putting away baskets with rubbish in school

According to Mrs. Kim Lorn, who is a 73 year old housewife, living in Mouy Osaphea Village, Kampong Kandal, Kampot City “I am willing to keep my village clean by starting to clean in my own house” She is fully aware now how to keep her house clean as advised by her village chief. “My house is now cleaner and better organized”. Mrs. Lorn also segregates garbage and gets some profit from selling it. Mrs. Kim Lorn said: “I find that a lot of people in the village and neighbors manage to keep their homes and streets clean, but a number of people still practice their old ways.” Last, but not least she suggested to the village leader to keep reminding and informing people to do better on waste management, and to maintain a good environment in the village. “In my opinion we all should help each other to keep our homes and village clean and I want everyone to live a safe and peaceful life”.

Mrs. Kim Lorn , a 73 year old housewife, who lives in Mouy Osaphea Village, Kampong Kandal, Kampot City

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Mr. Ki Narom, who has 15 years of work experiences as a village chief of Mouy Osaphea, in Sangkat Kampong Kandal, Kampot City, described the activities that have been implemented to contribute to “the villages and homes without garbage and with a good environment.” Mr. Ki Narom had been elected a village chief for three terms since 1997.

Mr. Ki Narom was very keen to explain that his people and himself started to get involved with the activities to help his village clean and without garbage since 2010 after an announcement from the city environment office. He then informed and encouraged his people in the whole village to manage their garbage properly, by using rubbish bins and putting garbage in the right place and right time for public garbage collection service. To help people become aware of the importance of a clean village and good environment, the village chief and his colleagues put some environment signboards and punishment notices, which were provided by Kampot city, at public areas and house fences.

The village chief said: “I walk from house to house to monitor the garbage situation and when I see households with garbage scattered around I will inform them about the impact of good and bad environment, and I also inform them about the city’s instruction on waste management so that they can avoid being fined by the city.”

Mr. Ki Narom noticed that waste management practices in his village started to change. Most if not all the people are now aware of how to manage their garbage properly. Their homes are cleaner, better organized and provide a better environment. They are happy to join in with project activities to help their village have a good environment, since they noticed the benefits from it.

However, he also faces some challenges, as not all people have dropped their bad habits. But it takes time for people to change their ways. There are also sometimes still problems with the garbage collection, as the company that is providing the waste collection service is not always keeping to the schedule.

Finally, he suggested that the garbage service collection company should extend its coverage to cover more areas in his commune. He also suggested that the company should consider and improve the garbage collection schedule and garbage truck should collect the garbage regularly. It takes time for the people to change their habit toward waste management, and therefore the city need to continue informing and educating all people in the city until their habits are changed, especially starting with the children.

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Mr. Ki Narom, in an interview with the city coaches.

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Chapter 4: Challenges, Sustainability and Recommendation for Future Actions

4.1 Challenges and Problems During Replication and How to Overcome them

Kampot is an old city with some very old infrastructures while at the same time people’s understanding of how to look after their environment was limited. There was also a limited budget for activities to improve the city’s environment, so some people could not afford to take up some of the suggestions such as repairing the pavement in front of their houses. The lack of own revenue and no budget for the replication as part of the city’s budget has been a continuous problem throughout the implementation period. There were also administrative challenges such as the fact that the council could not deal directly with the garbage collection company as their contract was signed with the provincial administration. Some departments were also not as cooperative with the city council in the implementation of waste management changes.

The lack of resources was overcome by an active effort to involve secure fund from international organizations as well as by lobbying for a contribution from higher levels of government. The administrative problems were also solved through a negotiation process with the provincial administration and the garbage collection company.

4.2 Mechanisms to Ensure Sustainability and Activities Foreseen after August 2012

Since the pilot project was such a success in Kampot, the city will share the replication with 7 other districts within the province. There is interest from even more districts, but it is not yet clear how further replications could be funded. The topics of environment and waste management will remain on the agenda for both the city council’s and the Sangkat’s monthly meetings. Also on the administrative level, the city will continue to enforce the implementation of the Provincial Decision on Solid Waste Management (by-law) and fine offenders who litter public spaces.

The priority to integrate environmental education and waste management fully into the primary school curriculum is still valid; the city is seeking technical and financial support from outside sources. There will therefore be efforts to strengthen cooperation with development partners who are working in the city already, especially in the area of socio-economic development.

The networking and communication aspect of the project will be continued, both the existing contacts in the ASEAN countries and with new ones. The

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city website will be used for publishing information and sharing knowledge about the best practice replication.

4.3 Recommendation for Other Cities which intent to Replicate a Best Practice from Another Country or City

Embarking on a replication of a best practice is a process through which not only work-related experiences are made, but which also leads to friendships and the understanding of different cultural, social and political norms.

It is important to note that there is no single model that every city could replicate due to the different political, social, cultural context and availability of human resource. Therefore, any replication process needs to be flexible and keep the different circumstances in mind, adapting the example to fit with the city’s needs and priorities.

The key to success, however, is the participation of local people and stakeholders, including NGOs, international organizations, individuals and the private sector. It is important to ensure that people remain involved with the project from beginning to end. Only in that way can local ownership and sustainability be achieved.

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Chapter 5: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Replication Process

This monitoring and evaluation report covers the period of a project life under the support from DELGOSEA starting from August 2010 until May 2012. The report does not only reflect the main achievements made during the project implementation and project impact on the intended beneficiaries, but also recommend some possible follow-up actions and future priorities to be addressed by the pilot city.

This report was prepared based on the previous monitoring reports and the results from the final monitoring meeting held on 21st May 2012. The discussion meeting was chaired by the deputy city governor and facilitated by a coach of the pilot city.

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Meeting conducted on 21 May 2012.

Before the project: The city officials and people used to think that all types of waste would have to go to dump site, with no ideas how solid waste could be managed for economic purpose. There was no serious attention to solid waste management before, and there used to be a lot of garbage and bushes on the streets and public areas in the city. The (five) Sangkat councils used to think that garbage collection was the business of the company who contracted with the Provincial Government. Waste collectors and street cleaners were not valued in the community. Teachers and pupils used to dry and burn solid waste at schools.

After the project: Mr. Chhiev Chiem, chief of the city Environment Office stressed that the city officials gained more knowledge on urban environment and they are now more confident and active in educating people on environment and waste management. Mr. Kong My, Chief of the City Education Office “Teachers and pupils are better aware on the environment and its impacts on human living; no more garbage burning at schools now”. Garbage is segregated and sold for cash for school, and burning garbage is prohibited at school now.

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Main results achieved compared to the project design:

The project objective and the expected results of the project were complex and ambitious, but the main focus of the project was on waste management at elementary schools (since Kampot opted to replicate the Eco Savers Program from Marikina, the Philippines).

Planned ActualObjectives 1. Improve knowledge,

attitude and practice of local government associations in facilitating best practice transfer and replication

2. Establish a sustainable network of local authorities, local government associations, non-state actors and academic institutions to exchange and transfer democratic local governance BP in the regions.

Network with Marikina and Maung Klang and others maintained.

The pilot city will be sharing the best practices with 7 other districts in the Kampot province.

The pilot city is committed to continuing the best practice replication of the Eco-savers program by trying to integrate environment and waste management into the school curriculum.

Kampot pilot city is committed to working closely with School Support Committee, Youth Association and academies for the sake of improving socio-economic development and environment.

As was outlined in the results section above, most of the results were completely met with only a few being slightly behind target. Overall, this is a very encouraging development.

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Contact Details

For further information on the replication process, please contact:

Mr. Neak Sovannary, Mayor of Kampot

Tel: (855) 12 820 446

Email: sovannary@kampot.cambodia.gov.kh

If you want to contact stakeholders of the DELGOSEA Network - locally or region - wide, visit http://www.delgosea.eu/cms/contact.

DELGOSEA Links:

Website: http://www.DELGOSEA.eu

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DELGOSEA

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/DELGOSEA

Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/DELGOSEA

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The project has five partner organizations, running the national offices in their respective countries. DELGOSEA partners are:

▪ ACVN, Association of Cities of Vietnam, Vietnam▪ LOGODEF, Local Government Development Foundation, Philippines▪ NLC/S, National League of Communes/Sangkats of the Kingdom of Cambodia,

Cambodia ▪ TEI, Thailand Environment Institute, Thailand▪ UCLG ASPAC, United Cities and Local Governments – Asia Pacific, Indonesia

LOCALGOVERNMENTDEVELOPMENTFOUNDATION

This project isco-funded by the European Union.

A project implemented by the consortium: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Thailand Environment Institute (TEI), Local Government Development Foundation Inc. (LOGODEF), United Cities and Local Governments for Asia and Pacific (UCLG-ASPAC), Association of Indonesian Regency Governments (APKASI), Association of Cities of Vietnam (ACVN), and National League of Communes/Sangkats of the Kingdom of Cambodia (NLC/S).

The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the implementing consortium under the lead of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. and can in no way be taken to reflect views of the European Union.

www.DELGOSEA.eu

LOCALGOVERNMENTDEVELOPMENTFOUNDATION