piedmont and blue ridge crystalline rocks with glacial cover
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Piedmont and Blue Ridge
Crystalline rocks with glacial cover
![Page 2: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Paleozoic history of southern Piedmont
From Hatcher
![Page 3: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
http://geoweb.gg.utk.edu/Geology/Faculty/Hatcher/Hatcher.html
![Page 5: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Metamorphic and igneous rock
Sandstone and diabase in rift basins
Limestone
![Page 8: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Piedmont
Chimney rock
Blue Ridge Province
![Page 9: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
flow through fractures
![Page 10: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Transition
Fractured metamorphic
and igneous rock
Saprolite
![Page 12: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Gneiss, schist bedrock
Granite or other intrusive bedrock
Distinct transition
Gradational transition
![Page 13: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Storage and transmission
properties
High porosity
Sy?
porosity
Low storage
10-5 10-4 cm/s
![Page 14: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Saprolite sampled at different depths. Measure density and chemical composition.
S.G. decreases from 2.1 in rock to 1.6 in shallow saprolite. S.G. decreases as minerals are altered and mass is removed. 0.5 gm/cc removed during weathering.
Chemical concentrations indicate S.G. change largely due to weathering of feldspar to kaolinite as a two-stage reaction.
![Page 15: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PorositySpecific
yieldK
cm/sec
Granitic Gneiss 0.015 0.007 3.47E-08
Mica Schist 0.028 0.017 1.74E-09
Hornblende-feldspar gneiss 0.007 0 1.74E-09
Quartzite 0.022 0.012 1.39E-09
Amphibolite 0.02 0.017 1.39E-09
Laboratory determinations of properties of crystalline rocks.
from Randall and others 1966
![Page 17: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Saprolite thickness
Typically 50 ft, but variable 10-100 ft
w.t. 20-60 ft bgs
Frx zones in valleys
Flat-lying frx
![Page 20: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Saprolite thickness
Greatest over valley or highland? Could be either
![Page 22: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ground watersheds
![Page 23: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Open Hole
Multi-level completion
![Page 25: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Important: Exception to the Conceptual Model
![Page 29: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Specific capacity
Well Performance and Lineaments
![Page 31: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Lineaments
![Page 33: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Effects of lineaments on well yields in the Piedmont
Other effects of location on well yield
Factor of 2 to 7 difference in yield
Factors from 3 to 25 between valley
and hill
![Page 34: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Well yields in different rock types and regions in
the Piedmont
15-30 gpm typical
Roughly 20 gpm
![Page 35: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Effects of well depth and diameter on yield in the Piedmont. Based on Daniels
![Page 37: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Glaciated crystalline rocks in northern
Appalachians
![Page 38: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Other Hydrogeologic Settings in the Piedmont
![Page 39: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Stockton Fm. Lockatong Fm. Passaic Fm. Orange Mt. Basalt Feltville Fm. Preakness Basalt Towaco Fm. Hook Mt. Basalt Boonton Fm. Conglomerates Palisade sill
![Page 42: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Newark Basin, NJ
Mesozoic Basins• Sandstone aquifers• Shale confining unitsRedbeds in the Hartford Basin, Conn
Conglomerate
Basalt
Arkose
![Page 44: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Carbonate rock aquifers
![Page 46: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Water Chemistry Reminder
• Major Cations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+
• Major Anions: HCO3-, Cl-,SO4
2-
• TDS: Total Dissolved SolidsMCL= 500 mg/l Values: Fresh < 1000 mg/l; brackish 1000-10,000; saline; 10,000-100,000 mg/lSeawater: 35,000 mg/l
• Hardness: Ca and Mg scaled to Ca on a meq basis– Soft water < 60 mg/l total hardness– Use water softener= 80-100 mg/l– Very hard >150 mg/l
![Page 47: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Milliequivalent
• Charges/volumes
Conc mgmillimol
e valence charge meq millimole charge
literMole weight mg liter
![Page 48: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Water quality in Crystalline Rock aquifers
![Page 49: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Crystalline rock Triassic BasinCarbonate rock
meq/L
![Page 50: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Crystalline Rock
Triassic Basins
Carbonate Aquifers
![Page 51: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
SC, GA, Al =100 Mgpd
![Page 53: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Piedmont and Blue Ridge Crystalline rocks with glacial cover](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051820/56649e555503460f94b4cf2e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)