Picturing Distributions with Graphs

BPS 7e Chapter 1

© 2014 W. H. Freeman and Company

Individuals and VariablesAirport administrators take a sample of airline baggage and record the number of bags that weigh more than 75 pounds. What is the individual?

a) number of bags weighing more than 75 pounds

b) average weight of the bags

c) each piece of baggage

d) the airport administrators

Individuals and Variables (answer)Airport administrators take a sample of airline baggage and record

the number of bags that weigh more than 75 pounds. What is the individual?

a) number of bags weighing more than 75 pounds

b) average weight of the bags

c) each piece of baggage

d) the airport administrators

Individuals and VariablesIn a study of commuting patterns of people in a large metropolitan area, respondents were asked to report the time they took to travel to their work on a specific day of the week. What is the individual?

a) travel time

b) a person

c) day of the week

d) city in which they lived

Individuals and Variables (answer)In a study of commuting patterns of people in a large metropolitan

area, respondents were asked to report the time they took to travel to their work on a specific day of the week. What is the individual?

a) travel time

b) a person

c) day of the week

d) city in which they lived

Individuals vs. VariablesIn a study of commuting patterns of people in a large metropolitan area, respondents were asked to report the time they took to travel to their work on a specific day of the week. What is the variable of interest?

a) travel time

b) a person

c) day of the week

d) city in which they lived

Individuals vs. Variables (answer)In a study of commuting patterns of people in a large metropolitan

area, respondents were asked to report the time they took to travel to their work on a specific day of the week. What is the variable of interest?

a) travel time

b) a person

c) day of the week

d) city in which they lived

Individuals and VariablesIs the variable “monthly rainfall in Michigan” a categorical or quantitative variable?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

Individuals and Variables (answer)Is the variable “monthly rainfall in Michigan” a categorical or

quantitative variable?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

Individuals and VariablesIf we asked people to report their “weight,” would that variable be considered a categorical or quantitative variable?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

Individuals and Variables (answer)If we asked people to report their “weight,” would that variable be

considered a categorical or quantitative variable?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

Individuals and VariablesWe ask people whether their weight is underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Is this variable categorical or quantitative?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

Individuals and Variables (answer)We ask people whether their weight is underweight, normal,

overweight, or obese. Is this variable categorical or quantitative?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

Individuals and Variables

a) 35

b) 200

c) 10,000

d) impossible to say

A survey involving 35 questions was given to a sample of 200 students attending a university with an enrollment of 10,000. How many individuals do the data describe?

Individuals and Variables (answer)

a) 35

b) 200

c) 10,000

d) impossible to say

A survey involving 35 questions was given to a sample of 200 students attending a university with an enrollment of 10,000. How many individuals do the data describe?

Individuals and Variables

a) 35

b) 200

c) 35 × 200

d) 35 × 10,000

A survey involving 35 questions was given to a sample of 200 students attending a university with an enrollment of 10,000. How many variables do the data contain?

Individuals and Variables (answer)

a) 35

b) 200

c) 35 × 200

d) 35 × 10,000

A survey involving 35 questions was given to a sample of 200 students attending a university with an enrollment of 10,000. How many variables do the data contain?

Individuals and VariablesWhat type of data is produced by the answer choices for this question?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

How many times have you accessed the Internet this week?

1) never2) once or twice3) three or four times4) more than four times

Individuals and Variables (answer)What type of data is produced by the answer choices for this question?

a) categorical

b) quantitative

How many times have you accessed the Internet this week?

1) never2) once or twice3) three or four times4) more than four times

Categorical VariablesFor data involving answers to the following question, what is the BEST method of displaying the data?

a) bar graph

b) boxplot

c) histogram

d) scatterplot

How many times have you accessed the Internet this week?

1) never2) once or twice3) three or four times4) more than four times

Categorical Variables (answer)For data involving answers to the following question, what is the BEST method of displaying the data?

a) bar graph

b) boxplot

c) histogram

d) scatterplot

How many times have you accessed the Internet this week?

1) never2) once or twice3) three or four times4) more than four times

Categorical VariablesThe purpose of pie charts and bar charts is to _______________.

a) hide the data from the audience

b) impress the audience with interesting colors and shapes

c) help the audience grasp the distribution of the data quickly

d) display the distribution of quantitative variables

Categorical Variables (answer) The purpose of pie charts and bar charts is to _______________.

a) hide the data from the audience

b) impress the audience with interesting colors and shapes

c) help the audience grasp the distribution of the data quickly

d) display the distribution of quantitative variables

Categorical VariablesMarried respondents in a survey were asked how they met their spouse. According to the bar chart below, how many respondents met their spouse through a dating service?

a) 2

b) 20

c) 30

d) 70

Categorical Variables (answer) Married respondents in a survey were asked how they met their spouse. According to the bar chart below, how many respondents met their spouse through a dating service?

a) 2

b) 20

c) 30

d) 70

Categorical VariablesBar graphs are more flexible than pie charts. Both graphs can display the distribution of a categorical variable, but a bar graph can also compare any set of quantities that are measured in the same units.

a) True

b) False

Categorical Variables (answer) Bar graphs are more flexible than pie charts. Both graphs can display the distribution of a categorical variable, but a bar graph can also compare any set of quantities that are measured in the same units.

a) True

b) False

Quantitative VariablesLook at the following histogram of salaries of baseball players. What shape would you say the data take?

a) bi-modal

b) left-skewed

c) right-skewed

d) symmetric

e) uniform

Quantitative Variables (answer)Look at the following histogram of salaries of baseball players.

What shape would you say the data take?

a) bi-modal

b) left-skewed

c) right-skewed

d) symmetric

e) uniform

Quantitative VariablesLook at the following histogram of percent urban population in 50 U.S. states. What shape would you say the data take?

a) bi-modal

b) left-skewed

c) right-skewed

d) symmetric

e) uniform

Quantitative Variables (answer) Look at the following histogram of percent urban population in 50

U.S. states. What shape would you say the data take?

a) bi-modal

b) left-skewed

c) right-skewed

d) symmetric

e) uniform

Quantitative VariablesConsidering this histogram, about how many students in the survey paid more than $250 for textbooks?

a) 29 b) 47c) 52d) 71

Quantitative Variables (answer)Considering this histogram, about how many students in the survey

paid more than $250 for textbooks?

a) 29 b) 47c) 52d) 71

Quantitative VariablesWhat three features can best describe the overall pattern of a histogram?

a) shape, center, skewness

b) center, spread, outliers

c) center, mean, symmetry

d) shape, center, spread

Quantitative Variables (answer)What three features can best describe the overall pattern of a histogram?

a) shape, center, skewness

b) center, spread, outliers

c) center, mean, symmetry

d) shape, center, spread

Quantitative VariablesIn the dataset represented by the following stemplot, how many times does the number “28” occur? Leaf unit = 1.0.

a) 0

b) 1

c) 3

d) 4

0 9

1 246999

2 111134567888999

3 000112222345666699

4 001445

5 0014

6 7

7 3

Quantitative Variables (answer)In the dataset represented by the following stemplot, how many

times does the number “28” occur? Leaf unit = 1.0.

a) 0

b) 1

c) 3

d) 4

0 9

1 246999

2 111134567888999

3 000112222345666699

4 001445

5 0014

6 7

7 3

Quantitative VariablesWhat is an advantage of histograms over stemplots?

a) They can be created by hand. b) The dataset can be any size.c) The actual data can be extracted from them.d) They can be horizontal or vertical.

Quantitative Variables (answer)What is an advantage of histograms over stemplots?

a) They can be created by hand. b) The dataset can be any size.c) The actual data can be extracted from them.d) They can be horizontal or vertical.

Quantitative VariablesWhat is an advantage of stemplots over histograms?

a) They can use classes of any size. b) The dataset can be any size.c) The actual data can be extracted from them.d) They can be horizontal or vertical.

Quantitative Variables (answer)What is an advantage of stemplots over histograms?

a) They can use classes of any size.b) The dataset can be any size.c) The actual data can be extracted from them.d) They can be horizontal or vertical.

Quantitative Variables Which of these plots is a time plot?

a) Plot Ab) Plot Bc) bothd) neither

Plot A Plot B

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Quantitative Variables (answer) Which of these plots is a time plot?

a) Plot Ab) Plot Bc) bothd) neither

Plot A Plot B

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Quantitative VariablesWhat type of trend does the following time plot show?

a) downwardb) upwardc) no trend

Quantitative Variables (answer)What type of trend does the following time plot show?

a) downwardb) upwardc) no trend

Quantitative VariablesWhat would be the correct interpretation of the following graph?

a) There is an upward trend in the data.

b) There is a downward trend in the data.

c) The data show seasonal variation.

Quantitative Variables (answer)What would be the correct interpretation of the following graph?

a) There is an upward trend in the data.

b) There is a downward trend in the data.

c) The data show seasonal variation.

Quantitative VariablesAn individual value that falls outside the overall pattern is called ____________.

a) center

b) shape

c) outlier

d) spread

Quantitative Variables (answer)An individual value that falls outside the overall pattern is called ____________.

a) center

b) shape

c) outlier

d) spread