2000 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39500A

PICmicro 18C MCU FamilyReference Manual

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page i Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM

DS39500A-page

All rights reservIncorporated, USregarding devicesuggestion onlyresentation or waMicrochip Technracy or use of suother intellectualerwise. Use of Mlife support systwritten approvalimplicitly or otheThe Microchip loMicrochip TechnAll rights reservethe property ofconveyed, implicerty rights.

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39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page ii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMed. Copyright 2000, Microchip TechnologyA. Information contained in this publicationapplications and the like is intended through

and may be superseded by updates. No rep-rranty is given and no liability is assumed by

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rwise, under any intellectual property rights.go and name are registered trademarks of

ology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries.d. All other trademarks mentioned herein are

their respective companies. No licenses areitly or otherwise, under any intellectual prop-

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e, In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP),b are trademarks of Microchip Technology

he U.S.A.

Term Programming (SQTP) is a service mark 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

hnology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

arks mentioned herein are property of theiranies.

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PAGECOMPANY P

SECTION 1.IntroducManualDevice SDevelopDevice VStyle anRelatedRelatedRevision

SECTION 2.IntroducControlOscillatoCrystalExternaHS4 ....SwitchinEffects oEffects oDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 3.IntroducResetsRegisteDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 4.IntroducClockingInstructiI/O DesDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page iii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMROFILE 1-1

INTRODUCTION 1-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-2Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 1-3tructure ............................................................................................................................................... 1-4

ment Support ...................................................................................................................................... 1-6arieties ............................................................................................................................................... 1-7

d Symbol Conventions ...................................................................................................................... 1-12Documents ........................................................................................................................................ 1-14Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 1-17History ............................................................................................................................................. 1-18

OSCILLATOR 2-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2Register ............................................................................................................................................... 2-3r Configurations .................................................................................................................................. 2-4

Oscillators/Ceramic Resonators ........................................................................................................... 2-6l RC Oscillator .................................................................................................................................... 2-15............................................................................................................................................................ 2-18g to Low Power Clock Source ........................................................................................................... 2-19f Sleep Mode on the On-Chip Oscillator ........................................................................................... 2-23f Device Reset on the On-Chip Oscillator ......................................................................................... 2-23

Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 2-24Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 2-25History ............................................................................................................................................. 2-26

RESET 3-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 3-2and Delay Timers ................................................................................................................................. 3-4rs and Status Bit Values ..................................................................................................................... 3-14Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 3-20Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 3-21History ............................................................................................................................................. 3-22

ARCHITECTURE 4-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-2Scheme/Instruction Cycle .................................................................................................................. 4-5

on Flow/Pipelining ............................................................................................................................... 4-6criptions ................................................................................................................................................ 4-7Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 4-14Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 4-15History ............................................................................................................................................. 4-16ip Technology Inc. DS39500A-page iii

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PAGESECTION 5.

IntroducGeneraCentralInstructiArithmeSTATUSDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 6.IntroducOperatioDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 7.IntroducProgramProgramLookupStack ..Data MeReturn AInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 8.IntroducControlProgramEnablingExternaInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page iv Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMCPU AND ALU 5-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

l Instruction Format .............................................................................................................................. 5-6Processing Unit (CPU) ......................................................................................................................... 5-7on Clock ............................................................................................................................................... 5-8tic Logical Unit (ALU) ........................................................................................................................... 5-9

Register ........................................................................................................................................... 5-11Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 5-14Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 5-15History ............................................................................................................................................. 5-16

HARDWARE 8X8 MULTIPLIER 6-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-2n ......................................................................................................................................................... 6-3

Tips ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-6Application Notes ................................................................................................................................ 6-7History ............................................................................................................................................... 6-8

MEMORY ORGANIZATION 7-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-2Memory ............................................................................................................................................. 7-3Counter (PC) ..................................................................................................................................... 7-6

Tables .................................................................................................................................................. 7-9............................................................................................................................................................ 7-12mory Organization ............................................................................................................................ 7-13ddress Stack .................................................................................................................................... 7-17

tion .................................................................................................................................................... 7-23Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 7-24Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 7-25History ............................................................................................................................................. 7-26

TABLE READ/TABLE WRITE 8-1tion ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-2Registers ............................................................................................................................................. 8-3

Memory ............................................................................................................................................. 8-6Internal Programming ...................................................................................................................... 8-12

l Program Memory Operation ............................................................................................................. 8-12tion .................................................................................................................................................... 8-13Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 8-14Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 8-15History ............................................................................................................................................. 8-16iv 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

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PAGESECTION 9.

Revision

SECTION 10IntroducControlInterrupInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 11IntroducPORTAPORTBPORTCPORTDPORTEPORTFPORTGPORTHPORTJ,PORTKPORTL,FunctionI/O ProgInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 12IntroducControlOperatioOperatioEffect oPSP WaDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page v Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMSYSTEM BUS 9-1History ............................................................................................................................................... 9-2

. INTERRUPTS 10-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 10-2Registers ........................................................................................................................................... 10-6t Handling Operation ........................................................................................................................ 10-19tion .................................................................................................................................................. 10-29Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 10-30Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 10-31History ........................................................................................................................................... 10-32

. I/O PORTS 11-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 11-2, TRISA, and the LATA Register ........................................................................................................ 11-8, TRISB, and the LATB Register ...................................................................................................... 11-12, TRISC, and the LATC Register ..................................................................................................... 11-16, LATD, and the TRISD Register ..................................................................................................... 11-19, TRISE, and the LATE Register ...................................................................................................... 11-21, LATF, and the TRISF Register ....................................................................................................... 11-23, LATG, and the TRISG Register ..................................................................................................... 11-25, LATH, and the TRISH Register ................................................................................................... 11-27LATJ, and the TRISJ Register ........................................................................................................ 11-29

, LATK, and the TRISK Register ...................................................................................................... 11-31LATL, and the TRISL Register ....................................................................................................... 11-33s Multiplexed on I/O Pins ................................................................................................................ 11-35ramming Considerations ................................................................................................................. 11-37tion .................................................................................................................................................. 11-40Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 11-41Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 11-43History ........................................................................................................................................... 11-44

. PARALLEL SLAVE PORT 12-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 12-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 12-3n ....................................................................................................................................................... 12-5n in SLEEP Mode ............................................................................................................................. 12-6

f a RESET .......................................................................................................................................... 12-6veforms ............................................................................................................................................. 12-6

Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 12-8Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 12-9History ........................................................................................................................................... 12-10ip Technology Inc. DS39500A-page v

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PAGESECTION 13

IntroducControlOperatioTimer0Using TTimer0InitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 14IntroducControlTimer1Timer1Timer1ReadingTimer1TypicalSleep OResettinResettinTimer1InitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 15IntroducControlTimer CTimer (TTMR2 MClearingSleep OInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page vi Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. TIMER0 13-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 13-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 13-3n ....................................................................................................................................................... 13-4

Interrupt .............................................................................................................................................. 13-5imer0 with an External Clock ............................................................................................................. 13-6Prescaler ............................................................................................................................................ 13-7tion .................................................................................................................................................... 13-9Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 13-10Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 13-11History ........................................................................................................................................... 13-12

. TIMER1 14-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 14-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 14-4Operation in Timer Mode ................................................................................................................... 14-5Operation in Synchronized Counter Mode ......................................................................................... 14-5Operation in Asynchronous Counter Mode ........................................................................................ 14-6

and Writing of Timer1 ...................................................................................................................... 14-7Oscillator .......................................................................................................................................... 14-10Application ....................................................................................................................................... 14-11peration ........................................................................................................................................... 14-12g Timer1 Using a CCP Trigger Output ............................................................................................ 14-12g Timer1 Register Pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) ........................................................................................ 14-13Prescaler .......................................................................................................................................... 14-13tion .................................................................................................................................................. 14-14Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 14-16Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 14-17History ........................................................................................................................................... 14-18

. TIMER2 15-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 15-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 15-3lock Source ........................................................................................................................................ 15-4MR2) and Period (PR2) Registers .................................................................................................... 15-4atch Output ....................................................................................................................................... 15-4the Timer2 Prescaler and Postscaler ............................................................................................... 15-4

peration ............................................................................................................................................. 15-4tion .................................................................................................................................................... 15-5Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 15-6Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 15-7History ............................................................................................................................................. 15-8vi 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

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PAGESECTION 16

IntroducControlTimer3Timer3Timer3ReadingTimer3Timer3Timer316-bit MTypicalSleep OTimer3InitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 17IntroducCCP CoCaptureComparPWM MInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 18

SECTION 19IntroducControlSPI ModSSP I2CInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page vii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. TIMER3 16-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 16-2Registers ........................................................................................................................................... 16-3Operation in Timer Mode ................................................................................................................... 16-4Operation in Synchronized Counter Mode ......................................................................................... 16-4Operation in Asynchronous Counter Mode ........................................................................................ 16-5

and Writing of Timer3 ...................................................................................................................... 16-6using the Timer1 Oscillator ................................................................................................................ 16-9and CCPx Enable ............................................................................................................................ 16-10Prescaler .......................................................................................................................................... 16-10ode Timer Reads/Writes .................................................................................................................. 16-11Application ....................................................................................................................................... 16-12peration ........................................................................................................................................... 16-13Prescaler .......................................................................................................................................... 16-13tion .................................................................................................................................................. 16-14Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 16-16Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 16-17History ........................................................................................................................................... 16-18

. COMPARE/CAPTURE/PWM (CCP) 17-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 17-2ntrol Register ..................................................................................................................................... 17-3Mode ................................................................................................................................................ 17-4

e Mode .............................................................................................................................................. 17-7ode .................................................................................................................................................. 17-10tion .................................................................................................................................................. 17-15Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 17-17Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 17-19History ........................................................................................................................................... 17-20

. ECCP 18-1

. SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (SSP) 19-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 19-2Registers ........................................................................................................................................... 19-4e ....................................................................................................................................................... 19-8Operation ....................................................................................................................................... 19-18

tion .................................................................................................................................................. 19-28Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 19-30Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 19-31History ........................................................................................................................................... 19-32ip Technology Inc. DS39500A-page vii

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PAGESECTION 20

IntroducControlSPI ModMSSP IDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 21IntroducControlUSARTUSARTUSARTUSARTInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 22IntroducControlCAN OvCAN BuCAN MoFrame TModes oCAN BuMessagTransmError DeBaud RaInterrupTimestaCAN MoDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page viii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. MASTER SSP 20-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 20-2Registers ........................................................................................................................................... 20-4e ....................................................................................................................................................... 20-9

2C Operation .................................................................................................................................... 20-18Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 20-58Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 20-59History ........................................................................................................................................... 20-60

. ADDRESSABLE USART 21-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 21-2Registers ........................................................................................................................................... 21-3Baud Rate Generator (BRG) ............................................................................................................. 21-5Asynchronous Mode ......................................................................................................................... 21-9Synchronous Master Mode ............................................................................................................. 21-18Synchronous Slave Mode ............................................................................................................... 21-23tion .................................................................................................................................................. 21-25Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 21-26Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 21-27History ........................................................................................................................................... 21-28

. CAN 22-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 22-2Registers for the CAN Module ........................................................................................................... 22-3erview .............................................................................................................................................. 22-28s Features ....................................................................................................................................... 22-32dule Implementation ....................................................................................................................... 22-33ypes ................................................................................................................................................ 22-37f Operation ...................................................................................................................................... 22-44s Initialization ................................................................................................................................... 22-48e Reception ..................................................................................................................................... 22-49ission ................................................................................................................................................ 22-60tection ............................................................................................................................................. 22-69te Setting ........................................................................................................................................ 22-71

ts ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-75mping ............................................................................................................................................... 22-77dule I/O ........................................................................................................................................... 22-77

Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 22-78Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 22-79History ........................................................................................................................................... 22-80viii 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

2000 Microch

PAGESECTION 23

IntroducControlConfiguVoltageOperatioEffects oConnecInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 24IntroducControlComparComparComparComparComparComparComparEffects oAnalogInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 25IntroducControlOperatioA/D AcqSelectinConfiguA/D ConOperatioEffects oA/D AccConnecTransfeInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page ix Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE 23-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 23-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 23-3ring the Voltage Reference ................................................................................................................ 23-4Reference Accuracy/Error ................................................................................................................. 23-5n During Sleep .................................................................................................................................. 23-5f a Reset ........................................................................................................................................... 23-5

tion Considerations ............................................................................................................................ 23-6tion .................................................................................................................................................... 23-7Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 23-8Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 23-9History ........................................................................................................................................... 23-10

. COMPARATOR 24-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 24-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 24-3ator Configuration .............................................................................................................................. 24-4ator Operation ................................................................................................................................... 24-6ator Reference ................................................................................................................................... 24-6ator Response Time .......................................................................................................................... 24-8ator Outputs ....................................................................................................................................... 24-8ator Interrupts .................................................................................................................................... 24-9ator Operation During SLEEP ........................................................................................................... 24-9f a RESET ........................................................................................................................................ 24-9

Input Connection Considerations ..................................................................................................... 24-10tion .................................................................................................................................................. 24-11Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 24-12Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 24-13History ........................................................................................................................................... 24-14

. COMPATIBLE 10-BIT A/D CONVERTER 25-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 25-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 25-4n ....................................................................................................................................................... 25-7uisition Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 25-8g the A/D Conversion Clock ............................................................................................................ 25-10ring Analog Port Pins ....................................................................................................................... 25-11versions .......................................................................................................................................... 25-12n During Sleep ................................................................................................................................ 25-16f a Reset ......................................................................................................................................... 25-16uracy/Error ...................................................................................................................................... 25-17tion Considerations .......................................................................................................................... 25-18r Function ......................................................................................................................................... 25-18tion .................................................................................................................................................. 25-19Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 25-20Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 25-21History ........................................................................................................................................... 25-22ip Technology Inc. DS39500A-page ix

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PAGESECTION 26

IntroducControlOperatioA/D AcqSelectinConfiguA/D ConOperatioEffects oA/D AccConnecTransfeInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 27IntroducControlOperatioOperatioEffects oInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 28IntroducControlWatchdSLEEPInitializaDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page x Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. 10-BIT A/D CONVERTER 26-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 26-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 26-4n ....................................................................................................................................................... 26-7uisition Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 26-8g the A/D Conversion Clock ............................................................................................................ 26-10ring Analog Port Pins ....................................................................................................................... 26-11versions .......................................................................................................................................... 26-12n During Sleep ................................................................................................................................ 26-16f a Reset ......................................................................................................................................... 26-16uracy/Error ...................................................................................................................................... 26-17tion Considerations .......................................................................................................................... 26-18r Function ......................................................................................................................................... 26-18tion .................................................................................................................................................. 26-19Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 26-20Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 26-21History ........................................................................................................................................... 26-22

. LOW VOLTAGE DETECT 27-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 27-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 27-4n ....................................................................................................................................................... 27-5n During Sleep .................................................................................................................................. 27-6f a Reset ........................................................................................................................................... 27-6tion .................................................................................................................................................... 27-7Tips .................................................................................................................................................... 27-8Application Notes .............................................................................................................................. 27-9History ........................................................................................................................................... 27-10

. WDT AND SLEEP MODE 28-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 28-2Register ............................................................................................................................................. 28-3og Timer (WDT) Operation ................................................................................................................. 28-4(Power-Down) Mode .......................................................................................................................... 28-5tion .................................................................................................................................................. 28-11Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 28-12Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 28-13History ........................................................................................................................................... 28-14x 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

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PAGESECTION 29

IntroducConfiguProgramID LocaDevice IDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 30IntroducEnteringApplicatProgramProgramOther BField PrField PrDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 31IntroducData MeInstructiSpecialFast ReQ CycleInstructiDesignRelatedRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xi Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. DEVICE CONFIGURATION BITS 29-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 29-2ration Word Bits ................................................................................................................................. 29-3

Verification/Code Protection .......................................................................................................... 29-10tions ................................................................................................................................................. 29-11D ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-11Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 29-12Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 29-13History ........................................................................................................................................... 29-14

. IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING (ICSP) 30-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 30-2In-Circuit Serial Programming Mode ................................................................................................ 30-3

ion Circuit .......................................................................................................................................... 30-4mer ................................................................................................................................................... 30-6ming Environment ............................................................................................................................ 30-6

enefits ................................................................................................................................................ 30-7ogramming of PICmicro OTP MCUs .................................................................................................. 30-8ogramming of FLASH PICmicros ..................................................................................................... 30-10Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 30-12Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 30-13History ........................................................................................................................................... 30-14

. INSTRUCTION SET 31-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 31-2mory Map .......................................................................................................................................... 31-3

on Formats ........................................................................................................................................ 31-9Function Registers as Source/Destination ...................................................................................... 31-12gister Stack ...................................................................................................................................... 31-13Activity ............................................................................................................................................ 31-13

on Descriptions ................................................................................................................................ 31-14Tips ................................................................................................................................................ 31-136Application Notes .......................................................................................................................... 31-137History ......................................................................................................................................... 31-138ip Technology Inc. DS39500A-page xi

DS39500A-page

PAGESECTION 32

IntroducAbsoluteVoltageDeviceDevice CInput ThI/O CurrOutput DI/O CapLow VolEPROMComparTiming PExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleCAN SpExampleExamplDesignRelatedRevision

SECTION 33IntroducCharactDC andRevision

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 32-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 32-2

Maximums ....................................................................................................................................... 32-3vs Frequency Graph ......................................................................................................................... 32-4

Voltage Specifications ........................................................................................................................ 32-6urrent Specifications ........................................................................................................................ 32-7

reshold Levels ................................................................................................................................. 32-10ent Specifications ............................................................................................................................ 32-11rive Levels ...................................................................................................................................... 32-12

acitive Loading ................................................................................................................................. 32-13tage Detect (LVD) ............................................................................................................................ 32-14/FLASH/Data EEPROM .................................................................................................................. 32-15ators and Voltage Reference ........................................................................................................... 32-16arameter Symbology ...................................................................................................................... 32-18External Clock Timing Waveforms and Requirements .................................................................. 32-19Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Timing Waveforms and Requirements ................................................... 32-20Power-up and RESET Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...................................................... 32-22Timer0 and Timer1 Timing Waveforms and Requirements ........................................................... 32-23CCP Timing Waveforms and Requirements ................................................................................. 32-24Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Timing Waveforms and Requirements ................................................. 32-25SSP and Master SSP SPI Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...................................... 32-26SSP I2C Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements .................................................................. 32-30Master SSP I2C Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...................................................... 32-32USART/SCI Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...................................................................... 32-34

ecifications ...................................................................................................................................... 32-358-bit A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements ........................................................................... 32-36

e 10-bit A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements ......................................................................... 32-38Tips .................................................................................................................................................. 32-40Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 32-41History ........................................................................................................................................... 32-42

. DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS 33-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 33-2erization vs. Electrical Specification ................................................................................................... 33-2AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables ............................................................................................. 33-2History ........................................................................................................................................... 33-26xii 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

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PAGESECTION 34

IntroducThe InteMPLABMPLABMPLABMPLABMPLABMPLABSupplemDevelopDevelopRelatedRevision

SECTION 35OvervieGood PDiagnosExampleImplicatRevision

SECTION 36AppendAppendAppendAppendAppend

SECTION 37Revision

SOURCE CO

INDEX

Table of Contents

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xiii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PM. DEVELOPMENT TOOLS 34-1tion .................................................................................................................................................... 34-2grated Development Environment (IDE) ........................................................................................... 34-3

Software Language Support ........................................................................................................... 34-6-SIM Simulator Software .................................................................................................................... 34-8Emulator Hardware Support .............................................................................................................. 34-9High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator with MPLAB IDE ................................................... 34-9-ICD In-Circuit Debugger .................................................................................................................... 34-9Programmer Support ...................................................................................................................... 34-10ental Tools ..................................................................................................................................... 34-11

ment Boards .................................................................................................................................... 34-12ment Tools for Other Microchip Products ........................................................................................ 34-14Application Notes ............................................................................................................................ 34-15History ........................................................................................................................................... 34-16

. CODE DEVELOPMENT 35-1w ........................................................................................................................................................ 35-2ractice ................................................................................................................................................ 35-3tic Code Techniques ......................................................................................................................... 35-5Scenario and Implementation ......................................................................................................... 35-6

ions of Using a High Level Language (HLL) ...................................................................................... 35-7History ............................................................................................................................................. 35-8

. APPENDIX 36-1ix A: I2C Overview............................................................................................................................... 36-1ix B: CAN Overview ......................................................................................................................... 36-12ix C: Module Block Diagrams and Registers..................................................................................... 36-13ix D: Register Definitions .................................................................................................................. 36-14ix E: Migration Tips ........................................................................................................................... 36-15

. GLOSSARY 37-1History ........................................................................................................................................... 37-14

DEip Technology Inc. DS39500A-page xiii

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PAGENOTES:

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39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xiv Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMxiv 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

2000 Microch

The Embedded Control Solutions Company

Since its inception, Microchip Technology has focusedits resources on delivering innovative semiconductorproducts to the global embedded control marketplace.To do this, we have focused our technology,engineering, manufacturing and marketing resourceson synergistic product lines: PICmicromicrocontrollers (MCUs), high-endurance SerialEEPROMs, an expanding product portfolio of analog/interface products, RFID tags and KEELOQ securitydevices all aimed at delivering comprehensive,high-value embedded control solutions to a growingbase of customers.Inside Microchip Technology you will find: An experienced executive team focused on

innovation and committed to listening to ourcustomers

A focus on providing high-performance,cost-effective embedded control solutions

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A Complete Product Solution including:- RISC OTP, FLASH, EEPROM and ROM

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plus microID RFID tagging devices- A complete line of high-endurance Serial

EEPROMs- World-class, easy-to-use development tools- An Automotive Products Group to engage

with key automotive accounts and providenecessary application expertise andcustomer service

Business ScopeMicrochip Technology Inc. designs, manufactures, andmarkets a variety of CMOS semiconductorcomponents to support the market for cost-effective

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39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xvi Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMxvi

d industrial control markets. Microchipalso meeting the unique design

of targeted embedded applicationset, safety and security.

ality Systemsality systems have been certified toirements. Its worldwide headquartersication facilities in Chandler and Tempe,ed certification on July 23, 1999. The

is certification is the design andof RISC-based MCUs, related

emory products and microperipheraluality systems for Microchips product

Bangkok, Thailand, were QS-9000ebruary 26, 1999. The scope of this

the design and testing of integratedition, Microchips quality system for theanufacture of development systems isfied.

developed by Chrysler, Ford andrs to establish fundamental qualityprovide for continuous improvement,efect prevention and the reduction ofaste in the supply chain. Microchip wasS-9000 registrar Det Norske Veritasc. of Houston, the same firm whichchip its ISO 9001 Quality System1997. QS-9000 certification recognizesality systems conform to the stringentt forth by the automotive industry,ustomers.

ted Manufacturingivers fast turnaround and consistenth total control over all phases ofsearch and development, design, maskr fabrication, and the major part ofquality assurance testing are conducted

A GlobalMicrochipservicesCompanyfacilities,ChandlerThe Tempsquare feincreasedcustomerwhich morMicrochipShanghai,Microchiplocated tfabrication640,000-sMicrochiprequiremeMicrochipsales andEurope anquality exaccessedCompanya networkserving 24

Bangkok,manufactuassembly/packaging 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

excellent pricing, quality, reliability andy.

work of Plants and Facilitiesa global competitor providing localhe worlds technology centers. Theesign and technology advancementwafer fabrication sites are located inempe, Arizona.cility provides an additional 200,000

f manufacturing space that meets theduction requirements of a growinge, and provides production capacityn doubles that of Chandler.ilities in Bangkok, Thailand, andina, serve as the foundation oftensive assembly and test capabilityghout Asia. The use of multiplesembly and test sites, with more thane-feet of facilities worldwide, ensuresility to meet the increased productionf a fast growing customer base.orts its global customer base from direct

ineering offices in Asia, North America,pan. Offices are staffed to meet the highations of our customers, and can betechnical and business support. Thefranchises more than 60 distributors andchnical manufacturers representatives

ntries worldwide.

iland: Microchips 200,000 square-footfacility houses the technology and

equipment for high speed testing and

2000 Microch

Embedded Control OverviewUnlike processor applications such as personalcomputers and workstations, the computing orcontrolling elements of embedded control applicationsare embedded inside the application. The consumer isonly concerned with the very top-level user interfacesuch as keypaVery rarely dothe embeddconscientious Ponly with the pDMA capabilitiIt is, however,control producand companioare found incommercial,automotive anproducts museffectiveness,level of systemTypically, modesigned arouprogram memperipheral funcommunicationrequire coanalog/interfacsmall displays.Microchip hasembedded cohigh-performanPIC16CXXX,families with Mwith non-volatifor this leadersportfolio to prproducts, Micinnovation andand technicalembedded conPICmicro MCMicrochip PICmlow-cost, andprice/performabillion of thesworldwide sincMCUs to best f PIC12CXXX PIC16C5X 1 PIC16CXXX PIC17CXXX PIC18CXXXAll families ooptions, with amembers arereprogrammab

PIC12CXXX: 8-Pin, FamilyThe PIC12CXXX family packs Microchips powerfulRISC-based PICmicro architecture into 8-pin DIP andSOIC packages. These PIC12CXXX products areavailable with either a 12-bit or 14-bit wide instructionset, a low operating voltage of 2.5V, small package

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39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xvii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMip Technology Inc.

ds, displays and high-level commands.es an end-user know (or care to know)ed controller inside (unlike the

C users, who are intimately familiar notrocessor type, but also its clock speed,es and so on).most vital for designers of embedded

ts to select the most suitable controllern devices. Embedded control products

all market segments: consumer,PC peripherals, telecommunications,d industrial. Most embedded controlt meet special requirements: costlow-power, small-footprint and a highintegration.

st embedded control systems arend an MCU which integrates on-chipory, data memory (RAM) and variousctions, such as timers and serial. In addition, these systems usuallymplementary Serial EEPROM,e devices, display drivers, keypads or

established itself as a leading supplier ofntrol solutions. The combination ofce PIC12CXXX, PIC16C5X,PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX MCUigratable Memory technology, along

le memory products, provide the basiship. By further expanding our productovide precision analog and interfacerochip is committed to continuousimprovement in design, manufacturingsupport to provide the best possibletrol solutions to you.U Overview and Roadmapicro MCUs combine high-performance,

small package size, offering the bestnce ratio in the industry. More than onee devices have shipped to customerse 1990. Microchip offers five families ofit your application needs:8-pin 12-bit/14-bit program word2-bit program word14-bit program word16-bit program wordenhanced 16-bit program word

ffer OTP, low-voltage and low-powervariety of package options. Selectedavailable in ROM, EEPROM or

le FLASH versions.

footprints,multiple chthese feapreviouslysize consiPIC16C5XThe PIC16that offersPIC16C5Xand are cpackages.these deviin the induOTP MCoperatedcan operaPIC16CXXWith themembers,highestcapabilityfamily offepackagesintegrationinterrupthardwareperformandemandinmarketplaPIC17CXXThe PIC1executionindustry. TMCUs hi16-bit instpowerfulpowerful aprovidesapplicationPIC18CXXThe PIC1CMOS, fuanalog-to-MCUs incThe PIC1level-deepinterruptsbusses ofinstructiontwo-stageexecute inwhich req(reducedlarge regDS00027U-page xvii

rupt handling, a deeper hardware stack,els and EEPROM data memory. All ofs provide an intelligence level notlable in applications because of cost orions.-Bit Architecture Family

is the well-established base-line familymost cost-effective solution. These

ducts have a 12-bit wide instruction settly offered in 14-, 18-, 20- and 28-pine SOIC and SSOP packaging options,

are among the smallest footprint MCUsLow-voltage operation, down to 2.0V formakes this family ideal for batterycations. Additionally, the PIC16HV5XXto 15 volts for use directly with a battery.4-Bit Architecture Familyduction of new PIC16CXXX familyrochip now provides the industrysrmance Analog-to-Digital Converter2-bits for an MCU. The PIC16CXXXide-range of options, from 18- to 68-pinell as low to high levels of peripheral

s family has a 14-bit wide instruction set,ling capability and a deep, 8-level. The PIC16CXXX family provides theand versatility to meet the morequirements of todays cost-sensitiver mid-range applications.6-Bit Architecture FamilyXX family offers the worlds fastestormance of any MCU family in theIC17CXXX family extends the PICmicroerformance RISC architecture with aon word, enhanced instruction set andred interrupt handling capabilities. Aof precise on-chip peripheral featureserformance for the most demanding

6-Bit Enhanced Architecture FamilyXX is a family of high performance,static, 16-bit MCUs with integratedl (A/D) converter. All PIC18CXXXrate an advanced RISC architecture.XX has enhanced core features, 32ck, and multiple internal and externalces. The separate instruction and dataarvard architecture allow a 16-bit wide

d with the separate 8-bit wide data. Theuction pipeline allows all instructions togle cycle, except for program branches,two cycles. A total of 77 instructionsction set) are available. Additionally, aset gives some of the architectural

DS00027U-page

innovations used to achieve a very high performance of10 MIPS for an MCU. The PIC18CXXX family hasspecial features to reduce external components, thusreducing cost, enhancing system reliability andreducing power consumption. These includeprogrammableprogrammableThe MechatrThe nature offrom analog/edigital electroRevolution, anthroughout the

the front lines: make it smarter, make it smaller, make itdo more, make it cost less to manufacture and makeit snappy.To meet the needs of this growing customer base,Microchip is rapidly expanding its already broad line of

TABLE 1: P

*Please check with atest p

Family

PIC1

8CX

XX

8-bit HPerformMCU F

PIC

17CX

XX

8-bHigh-Perfo

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Note 1: The

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xviii Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMxviii

your local Microchip distributor, sales representative or sales office for the l

(@ 20 MHz)-pin

amily 12- or 14-bit wide

instruction set DC - 10 MHz clock speed 400 ns instruction cycle

(@ 10 MHz) Internal 4 MHz oscillator

PIC12C5XX OTP programPIC12CE5XX OTP programPIC12CR5XX ROM prograPIC12C67X OTP program

PIC12CE67X OTP programmemory

maximum clock speed for some devices is less than 20 MHz. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

roduct information.

ory, digital onlyory, digital only with EEPROM data memory

mory, digital onlyory with analog functionsory with analog functions and EEPROM dataLow Voltage Detect (LVD) andBrown-Out Detect (BOD).onics Revolutionthe revolution is the momentous shift

lectro-mechanical timing and control tonics. It is called the Mechatronicsd it is being staged in companiesworld, with design engineers right on

PICmicro MCUs. The PIC12CXXX familys size opensup new possibilities for product design.PICmicro MCU Naming ConventionThe PICmicro architecture offers users a wider range ofcost/performance options than any MCU family. Inorder to identify the families, the following namingconventions have been applied to the PICmicro MCUs:

ICmicro MCU NAMING CONVENTION*Architectural Features Name Technology

igh-anceamily

10 MIPS @ 40 MHz 4x PLL clock 16-bit wide instruction set C compiler efficient

instruction set Internal/external vec-

tored interrupts

PIC18CXX2PIC18FXXX

OTP program memory with higher resolution analog functionsFLASH program memory

itrmanceamily

16-bit wide instruction set Internal/external vectored

interrupts DC - 33 MHz clock speed 120 ns instruction cycle

(@ 33 MHz) Hardware multiply

PIC17C4X OTP program memory, digital onlyPIC17CR4X ROM program memory, digital onlyPIC17C7XX OTP program memory with mixed-signal functions

itnge

amily

14-bit wide instruction set Internal/external interrupts DC - 20 MHz clock speed

(Note 1) 200 ns instruction cycle

(@ 20 MHz)

PIC14CXXX OTP program memory with A/D and D/A functionsPIC16C55X OTP program memory, digital onlyPIC16C6X OTP program memory, digital only

PIC16CR6X ROM program memory, digital onlyPIC16C62X OTP program memory with comparators

PIC16CR62X ROM program memory with comparatorsPIC16CE62X OTP program memory with comparators and EEPROM data

memoryPIC16F62X FLASH program memory with comparators and EEPROM data

memoryPIC16C64X OTP program memory with comparatorsPIC16C66X OTP program memory with comparatorsPIC16C7X OTP program memory with analog functions (i.e. A/D)

PIC16CR7X ROM program memory with analog functionsPIC16C7XX OTP program memory with higher resolution analog functionsPIC16F8X FLASH program memory and EEPROM data memory

PIC16CR8X ROM program memory and EEPROM data memoryPIC16F87X FLASH program memory with higher resolution analog functionsPIC16C9XX OTP program memory, LCD driver

itLineamily

12-bit wide instruction set DC - 20 MHz clock speed 200 ns instruction cycle

PIC16C5X OTP program memory, digital onlyPIC16CR5X ROM program memory, digital onlyPIC16C505 OTP program memory, digital only, internal 4 MHz oscillator

PIC16HV540 OTP program memory with high voltage operation

2000 Microch

Development SystemsMicrochip is committed to providing useful andinnovative solutions to your embedded systemdesigns. Our installed base of application developmentsystems has grown to an impressive 170,000 systemsworldwide.Among support products offered are MPLAB-ICE2000 In-Circuienvironment. Tlow-voltage ememulation. MPLEnvironment (IMPLAB allowsfrom a singleproductive veryprovide produoptimized desigThis universalMCU designPIC12CXXX,and PIC18CXcompliant.Microchips newDebugger (ICdebugging caPIC18FXXX Mcapability to ddebug hardwaPIC16FXXX anPRO MATE programmer, euser software iSerial EEPROMand operates aa PC-compatibThe PICSTARdevelopment sPIC16CXXX anPICDEM low-cboards which dfull range of Misample MCUs

PRO MATE II or PICSTART Plus programmer, andeasily test firmware. KEELOQ Evaluation Tools supportMicrochips HCS Secure Data Products.The Serial EEPROM Designers Kit includeseverything necessary to read, write, erase or programspecial features of any Microchip Serial EEPROMs.The Total Endurance Disk is included to aid intrade-off analysis and reliability calculations. The total

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TABLE 2: PDevelopme 16CX

Integrated DevelEnvironment (ID

C Compiler

Full-Featured, MIn-Circuit Emulat

In-Circuit DebuggEvaluation Kit

Full-Featured, MDevice Programm

Entry-Level Devewith Programme

39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xix Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMip Technology Inc.

est development tool, MPLAB In-CircuitD) Evaluation Kit, uses the in-circuitpabilities of the PIC16FXXX andCU family and Microchips ICSP

ebug source code in the application,re in real time and program a targetd PIC18FXXX device.II, the full-featured, modular devicenables you to quickly and easily programnto PICmicro MCUs, HCS products ands. PRO MATE II runs under MPLAB IDE

s a stand-alone unit or in conjunction withle host system.T Plus development kit is a low-costystem for the PIC12CXXX, PIC16C5X,d PIC17CXXX MCUs.ost demonstration boards are simpleemonstrate the basic capabilities of thecrochips MCUs. Users can program theprovided with PICDEM boards, on a

and developroducts.MXDEV 1allows sinanalog-to-The MCPDeveloperusing afunctionaliDevelopermodify allbyte-by-byThe microfor designvariety oftags can bdirectlyprogrammthe hardsamples r

ICmicro SYNERGISTIC DEVELOPMENT TOOLSnt Tool Name PIC12CXXX PIC16C5X PIC

opmentE) MPLAB

MPLAB-C17 MPLAB-C18

odularor MPLAB-ICE 2000

er MPLAB-ICD

odularer PRO MATE II

lopment Kitr PICSTART Plus DS00027U-page xix

th Microchips line of stand-alone analoge hardware and software within thetem is configured device-specific andor continuous conversions ofr thel converter under evaluation.

0 Controller Area Network (CAN)t makes software developing easy byety of features to manipulate thef the MCP2510. The MCP2510 CANprovides the ability to read, display andters of the MCP2510 on a bit-by-bit or asis.Developers Kit is an easy-to-use tool

ineers at all skill levels. Available in aigurations, the microID family of RFIDnfigured to match existing tags and belled - upgrading to contactlessy at no added cost. This kit includes all, software, reference designs anded to get started in RFID designs.

XX PIC16F87X PIC17CXXX PIC18CXXX

t Emulator running under the Windowshis new real-time emulator supportsulation, to 2.0 volts, and full-speedAB, a complete Integrated Development

DE), is provided with MPLAB-ICE 2000.the user to edit, compile and emulateuser interface, making the developerquickly. MPLAB-ICE 2000 is designed toct development engineers with ann tool for developing target applications.in-circuit emulator provides a completetoolset for PICmicro MCUs in the

PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX, PIC17CXXXXX families. MPLAB-ICE 2000 is CE

kit can significantly reduce time-to-market and result inan optimized system.The FilterLab Active Filter Design Tool simplifiesactive filter design for embedded systems designers.The unique FilterLab software automates the design ofthe anti-aliasing filter for an analog-to-digitalconverter-based data acquisition system. FilterLabalso provides full schematic diagrams of the filter circuitwith component values, a SPICE model, and displaysthe frequency and phase response.In addition to the FilterLab Active Filter Design Tool,Microchip offers a second analog development tool, theMXDEV1 Analog Evaluation System, making iteasier for embedded systems designers to evaluate

p wi

DS00027U-page

Software SupportMPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) isa Windows-based development platform forMicrochips PICmicro MCUs. MPLAB IDE offers aproject manager and program text editor, auser-configurable toolbar containing four pre-definedsets and a status bar which communicates editing anddebugging infoMPLAB-IDE isdevelopment sMPASM AssemMPLIB, MPLINCompiler, MProgrammerProgrammer.Microchip endservice and reThe Microchiplatest technicsoftware for depromotionaltechnology. Thhttp://www.micSecure DataMicrochipstechnology isentry and logicinitial devicereplaces curreapplications prThe KEELOQ fHCS301 (highlow-cost encoand HCS361)requirements.transponder sdevice in a nefamily.Microchip proproviding optimMCUs. Thisdecoder anddecoder routiagreement. Ththe first decoddevices are sindesigns bytransmitters.The KEELOQ penhanced encoinclude automsystems, garasystems.

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BitsSeed

LengthOperating

Voltage

HCS101* 66 3.5V to 13.0VHCS200 66 32 64 32 3.5V to 13.0VHCS201* 66 32 64 32 3.5V to 13.0V

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39500 18C Reference Manual.book Page xx Monday, July 10, 2000 6:12 PMxx

rmation.the common user interface for Microchipystems tools including MPLAB Editor,bler, MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator,

K, MPLAB-C17 Compiler, MPLAB-C18PLAB-ICE 2000, PRO MATE II

and PICSTART Plus Development

eavors at all times to provide the bestsponsiveness possible to its customers.Internet site can provide you with the

al information, production releasedvelopment tools, application notes and

news on Microchip products ande Microchip World Wide Web address isrochip.com.Products Overview

patented KEELOQ code hoppingthe perfect solution for remote keylessal/physical access control systems. Thein the family, the HCS300 encoder,nt fixed code encoders in transmitteroviding a low cost, integrated solution.amily is continuing to expand with the

voltage encoder), HCS200 (low-end,der), and high-end encoders (HCS360

that meet OEM specifications andThe HCS410, a self-powered

uperset of the HCS360, is the initialw and expanding encoder/transponder

vides flexible decoder solutions byized routines for Microchips PICmicro

allows the designer to combine thesystem functionality in a MCU. Thenes are available under a licensee HCS500, HCS512 and HCS515 areer devices in the KEELOQ family. Thesegle chip decoder solutions and simplify

handling learning and decoding of

roduct family is expanding to includeders and decoders. Typical applicationsotive RKE, alarm and immobilizer

ge door openers and home security

*Contact Mic

Analog/IUsing itsanalog ciCompanystand-alonthese stamay notStand-aloinclude: Analog- Operatio SystemMicrochipsupport ato and frinterface(CAN), a bnetworkedHigh-PerfConverterThe MCP(ADC) famregister aMCP3201MCP320Xthroughpu500 nano2.7-5.5 voof 40 toat 100 kswith an inMCP320XchannelMCP3204

HCS300HCS301HCS320HCS360HCS361HCS365*HCS370*HCS410HCS412*HCS470*KEELOQ Dec

ProductR

LHCS500

HCS512

HCS515 2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

Technology Inc. for availability.

face Productshnology achievements in developingry for its PICmicro MCU family, thenched a complementary line ofalog and interface products. Many of

lone devices support functionality thatently available on PICmicro MCUs.nalog IC products currently offered

gital ConvertersAmplifierservisors

offers innovative silicon products toty