pia 2501 development policy and management week eight
TRANSCRIPT
PIA 2501 Development Policy and Management
Week Eight
Next Week’s Discussion
Danielle’s Briefing
PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management
Week Eight:
NGOs, Community Dynamics
and Civil Society
Community Dynamics
Civil Society--Review
Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests
"Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )
The Focus of the Week
ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs
Tie Ins to NGOs and Civil Society
1. The Failed State
2. Decentralized Governance
3. Reconceptualization of Governance
4. Human Rights
“Socio-economic Status and Seniority in the New Jersey Brigade” 1775
Tie ins to NGOs
5. Development Promotion
6. Micro-Credit
7. Nature of the Beast
NGOs-Tie In 1: The Failed State
The Power of the Picture
VIDEO
Prologue- World Bank Mission Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea
Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006)
A Collapsed State
Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit
Design Capacity for Service Delivery
Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society
GOVERNANCE ISSUES IMPACT NGO WORK
THE TIE IN-1- Failure of the State System
The Hard State
Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s
TIE IN-2
NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance
Civil Society as a Dependent Variable
GrassrootsOrganizations
CivicEducationLand
RuralIndustries
RuralCredit
Governance /Democracy
Communicationand
Support
NGOsWomen’s Focused
GroupsTarget Group
Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective
State Societal Linkages: Redux
Central State - Macro
Civil Society - Micro
Weak Strong
State-Weak Strong
Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State
SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE
Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Weak Strong
Mezzo-Intermediate
Tie In-3
Tamil Protests and Sri Lanka’s Political Future
Civil Society Structures-1
NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent?
Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality)
Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights
World Ethnic Divisions
Civil Society Structures-2
Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector
Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable)
Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist)
Establishing the rule of lawRoman vs. Common LawWhat is the role of the individual
The Roman Empire
Tie In- 4- Human Rights Issues Review
Civil Society and Human Rights
"Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous)
Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society
Sometimes a Great Notion
Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
War, Drought, Agricultural FailureFocus on Rural Development
Human RightsFocus on Governance
Tie In 5: Rural Development Promotion
Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)
Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.
Types of “Development” NGOs
Grassroots associations (local or village based)
Advocacy groups
Public Service Contractors
Types of “Development” NGOs
Philanthropy vs. Charity
Relief and Welfare Societies
Public Service Contractors
Populist based development agencies (national)
search...Gocom_searsearch...Gocom_sear
Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia
Tie In-6: The Popularity of Micro-credit
Grameen BankNobel Prize for Peace (2006)
Micro-credit: The New
Orthodoxy
The Concept and the Controversy
Links to Traditional Savings Banks
Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist VIDEO
Micro-Credit will be Popular
Ten Minute Break
NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST
NGOs?
Tie in 7- NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary
Organizations (PVOs) Community Based
Organizations (CBOs) Foundations
NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2
Civic Associations (Civics)
Interest Groups
Quangos
Trade Unions
Religious Organizations
Northern Pakistan
Care
Catholic Relief Services
Save the Children
Amnesty International
Oxfam
International NGOs-
Five Caveats: NGOs
Usually excludes “for profits”
Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits
Includes both International and Local
Internationals are not universally loved
Not Universally Loved
Five Caveats, Cont.
Very often internationals are religious or charity based
Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals
Indigenous NGOs
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage
Cost-effectiveSmall but efficient
Innovative
Staff loyalty and commitment
One View
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
NGOs--Perceived Advantage
• Ideologically compatible with Development values
• Links with poor
• Image of populism
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Lack of local legitimacy
Donor driven
Inefficiency
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
AmateurismLeadership and continuity problems
Staffing problems
Self-serving-own objectivesFaith Based
Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses
Fixation on projectsProblems of replication
Lack of perceived accountability
Learning problems/lack of institutional memory
NGOs and Projects
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Tensions with government institutionsPolitically threatening
Ties with existing local elites
Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation
Discussion and Debates
Lawrence Graham- Brazil- Local Government
Monte Palmer- Egypt- Bureaucracy
Samuel P. Huntington- Culture Clash
The Picard Findings- Attitudes Botswana
Lawrence Graham
Forthcoming Books- Next Week
V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers
Jim Mayfield, Go to the People
China vs. Indonesia
Believers, Unbelievers
Secular vs. Religious Views of the World
From the University of Utah to Iraq
Jim Mayfield
Interview
Deborah Scroggins
VIDEO
Not Oprah’s Book of the WeekJanine Wedel and Deborah Scroggins
Books of the Week
Janine Wedel, Collision and Collusion
Deborah Scroggins, Emma’s War
Follow Up
Discussion and Debate