phyto intro

8/9/2019 Phyto Intro

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BZ572 - Phytoremediation

Elizabeth Pilon-SmitsBiology DepartmentE413 ANAZO

491-4991epsmitslamar!"olostate!e#$


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%et&s hear 'rom yo$

Please write on piece of paper:Degree, major/department, reg./auditing?

What is your career goal?

How does phytoremediation fit in?

Any particular aspects of phytoremediation

you are most interested in?


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BZ()* + ,o$rse n'o

Text:

No oo!, only papers from course wesite

Topics:

"#ntro to phytoremediation"$hyto of inorganics%&"$hyto of organics%&"' (a e)pt, ' trip to a la, ' field trip *if interest&,

+ guest lectures, in"class e)ercises, jo info%& mechanisms of upta!e, translocation, deto)ification,

effects of soil, microes on remediation, approaches to

enhance phyto efficiency, including genetic engineering

.eb"t


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Exams:+- of total grade" ' midterm ' final e)am *not comprehensie&

/ra#ing0 ,onentional2 no "$ring

essay 0uestions

Term paper & presentation:1- of grade"write we page/proposal/reiew present

In-class participation:2- of grade"la report, in"class group assignments,

literature discussions


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Introdction to Phytoremediation

istoryStat$s

5ses

Phytoreme#iation strategies

A#antages

%imitations


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!istory of phytoremediation

'or "ent$ries0.etlan#s $se# 'or.aste treatment in E$rope

last "ent$ry0metal hypera""$m$lator

plants #is"oere# - $se# as in#i"ators 'or mining

1967s0- s$per'$n# a"t 8196 - 6!( billion :;- i#ea to $se hypera""$m$lator

plants 'or metal "lean$p 8,haney;

19)7s0- "lean .ater a"t2 "lean air a"t


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istory o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;

199(0 'irst phytorem! "on'eren"e

phytoreme#iation ta


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istory o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;

*7770 EPA phyto "on'eren"e

*7770 1stphyto 'a"$lty positions

*7770 1stphyto "o$rse 8this one;

*7712 *7730 1st2 *n#phyto "all 'or proposals8NS?@EPA@DOE;

*7772 *7710 1st2 *n#pro'essors in phyto

85 i"h2 5 S-,arolina;

199(0 ?irst phyto "on'eren"e ,ol$mbia O

19940 erm phytoreme#iation 'irst $se#8=as


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5!S! phytoreme#iation mar


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*77 'iel# proe"ts- '$n#e# mostly by EPA2 DOD2 DOE- some "ommer"ial@oint proe"ts

9 p$rely phytorem! "ompanies) "onstr$"te# .etlan# "ompanies

F 47 "ons$lting@engin! "ompaniesthat also #o phytoreme#iation

Stat$s o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;


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ses of phytoremediation

airsoils2 se#iments

gro$n#.ater.aste.ater streams

- in#$strial

- agri"$lt$ral- m$ni"ipal2 se.age

=eme#iation o' #i''erent me#ia0


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5ses o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;

inorgani"s0

- metals 8Pb2 ,#2 Zn2 ,r2 g;- metalloi#s 8Se2 As;- Gn$trientsH 8I2 P2 N2 S;- ra#ion$"li#es 8,s2 5;

=eme#iation o' #i''erent poll$tants0

organi"s0

- P,Bs- PAs- ,E- N

-BE- pesti"i#es- petrole$m hy#ro"arbons

Et"!


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'arming poll$te# soil

irrigation .ith poll$te# gro$n#.ater

letting trees tap into gro$n#.ater

letting plants 'ilter .ater streams"onstr$"te# .etlan#s2 hy#roponi"s

=eme#iation $sing #i''erent systems0


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!ydralic 'arrier#i''erent systems0


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(e)etati*e cap#i''erent systems0


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,onstr$"te# .etlan#s

#i''erent systems0


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#i''erent systems0hy#roponi"s .ith poll$te# .aste.ater


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Roots of mustardExtend into euent

Acting as lters for heavy metals


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' h # 8 ;


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trees

Pop$lar plants 'or phytoreme#iation

ario$s organi"smetals

poplar

.illo.

g$mtree

yello. poplar


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?or inorgani"s


grasses

8"ont!;0

Brassi"a $n"eaAlyss$m

hlaspi

Brassi"a"eae0


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Pop$lar plants 'or phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;0

hemp


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parrot 'eather

poplar2 .illo.spartina

halophytes

sali"ornia

ree#

aJ$ati" plants"attail

'or organi"s

'or inorgani"s


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Phytoremediation

+echanical,chemical treatment

Soil .ashingEK"aation L reb$rial,hemi"al "lean$p o' [email protected]

,omb$stion

n sit$

EK sit$?ossil '$els 'or energy

Solar energy


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Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment

,heaper

d*anta)eso' phytoreme#iation

17 - 177K

EK"aation > reb$rial0 $p to :1 million@a"re

=eegetation0 :*72777@a"re


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Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment

d*anta)eso' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;

%ess intr$sie

,an be more permanent sol$tion

Better p$bli" a""eptan"e


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.imitationso' phytoreme#iation

Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment 8"ont!;

,an be slo.er%imite# by rate o' biologi"al pro"esses

- etaboli" brea


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.imitationso' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;


%imite# root #epthrees F prairie grasses F 'orbs2 other grasses

aK #epth ( m

,an be in"rease#$p to *7m .ith

G#eep plantingH


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.imitationso' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;


Plant toleran"e to poll$tant@"on#itions

Bioaailability o' "ontaminant

- Bigger problem .ith metals than organi"s- ,an be alleiate# $sing amen#ments2 or

treating hot spots by other metho#

- Bioaailability "an be enhan"e# by amen#ments


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So2 .hen "hoose phytoreme#iation

S$''i"ient time aailable Poll$tion shallo. eno$ghPoll$tant "on"entrations not phytotoKi"

?or ery large J$antities o' mil#ly"ontaminate# s$bstrate0phytoreme#iation only "ost-e''e"tie option

Note0 Phyto may be $se# in "on$n"tion .ith other reme#iation metho#s

:: limite#


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Phytoremediation processes


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Phytoreme#iation pro"esses

phytosta'ili/ation

Ph t t 'ili ti


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Phytosta'ili/ation0poll$tant immobilize# in soil

- etals- Non-bioaailable organi"s

1! Plants re#$"e lea"hing2 erosion2 r$no''

poll$tant stays in pla"e*! Plants L mi"robes may trans'orm poll$tantto less bioaailable 'orm

8e!g! metal pre"ipitation on roots;


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phytostimlation



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Phytostimlation0 plant roots stim$late#egra#ation o' poll$tantby rhizosphere mi"robes

Organi"se!g!P,Bs2 PAs

ba"teria2 '$ngi


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phytode)radation



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Phytode)radation0

plants #egra#e [email protected]$t $pta


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accmlation

phytoextraction



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phyto*olatili/ation


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Phyto*olatili/ation0 poll$tant release#in olatile 'orm into the air

some metal8loi#;s0 Se2 As2 gsome olatile organi"s0 ,E2 BE

Phytoremediation applications may in*ol*e


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stabilization degradation

volatilization

accumulation

Phytoremediation applications may in*ol*emltiple processes at once


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0hi/ofiltration

.ater


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0hi/ofiltration0 poll$tant remoe# 'rom.ater by plant roots in hy#roponi" system

'or inorgani"s

Plant roots > shoots harestable8may be $se# to mine metals;

or #ispose# a'ter minimizing ol$me

metalsmetalloi#sra#ion$"li#es

y#roponi"s 'or metal reme#iation0


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=hizo'iltration

y#roponi"s 'or metal reme#iation0)( o' metals remoe# 'rom mine #rainage

noles0phytoeKtra"tion

phytostabilization

,onstr$"te# .etlan# 'or Se reme#iation0


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,onstr$"te# .etlan# 'or Se reme#iation0

noles0

phytoeKtra"tionphytoolatilizationphytostabilization

8rhizo'iltration;8phytostim$lation;

)( o' Se remoe# 'rom ag #rainage .ater

1 t l tt ti ll t # it l 't l


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1atral attenation0poll$te# site le't aloneb$t monitore#

(e)etati*e cap0poll$te# site reegetate#2 then le't alone2 monitore#

[email protected]$ta##ing

"lean topsoil

!ydralic 'arrier Cater 'lo. re#ire"te#


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!ydralic 'arrier

!2

Cater 'lo. re#ire"te#Poll$tants inter"epte#

Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199 ;


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Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199-;8Phyto


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Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199(-1996;8Phytote"h in"!;

Ne. Qersey siteSoil poll$te# .ith lea# 8Pb;

Plante# .ith n#ian m$star# 8Brassi"a $n"ea;

=es$lts 8a'ter 3 gro.ing seasons;0

bare soil0 re#$"tion in Pbegetate# soil0 *9 re#$"tion in Pb

Pro"ess PhytoeKtra"tion

Ph t m #i ti n p t 8199);


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Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199);8,OE;

ississippi site/ro$n#.ater poll$te# .ith Np$mpe# thro$gh "onstr$"te# .etlan#

=es$lts09( re#$"tion in N

en#ogeno$s plant enzymes 'o$n# to#egra#e N

Pro"ess Phyto#egra#ation


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Some light rea#ing0

Print 'rom ,o$rse CebsiteEPA0 ,itizen&s g$i#e to Phytoreme#iation

EPA0 ,itizen&s g$i#e to Nat$ral Atten$ation

Pilon-Smits2 *77(

Phytoreme#iation 8reie.;Ann =e Plant Biology

phyto intro

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